Shiraz Emedical Journal
Volume:18 Issue: 9, Sep 2017

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological problems. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age at menarche and painful menstruation among female students of Shiraz schools.
This cross sectional study was conducted on 2000 female students. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was applied. Data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS version 21.
About 69.3% of the participants had experienced at least 1 episode of menstrual bleeding. Among postmenarcheal subjects, 77.7% had dysmenorrhea, while 22.3% did not. There was no significant relationship between age at menarche and dysmenorrhea (P = 0.15). However, there was a significant relationship between the onset of dysmenorrhea and postmenarche years (P Although two-thirds of students suffered from primary dysmenorrhea, no significant relationship was found with age at menarche. Therefore, the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among students calls for proper counseling and management.

One of the effective factors in successful implementation of health information technology, especially electronic medical record, is investigation of adoption and its use by users. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting adoption and use of electronic medical record in Shiraz teaching hospitals from the perceptive of top and middle managers.
This was a cross-sectional analytical study performed in 2015. The study population consisted of all top and middle managers (N = 235) of Shiraz teaching hospitals that were examined through census. Data were collected through the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 and LISREL8.82.
The results showed that there is a direct, positive relationship between Effort Expectancy and Behavioral Intention (P = 0.01) as well as between Facilitating Condition and Behavioral Intention (P = 0.04) and between Facilitating Condition and Use (P = 0.01). In addition, there was a direct, positive relationship between Behavioral Intention and Use.
To increase the use of Electronic Medical Record in Shiraz teaching hospitals, it is suggested that managers and policymakers consider effort expectancy and facilitating condition of this system.

Suicidal attempts are common among adolescents around the world. Many countries have taken measures to reduce the high incidence of suicidal attempts and prevent people from killing themselves. They also provide care to accelerate the process of recovery among those who have attempted suicide.
The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the protective factors against suicidal attempts among adolescents who recently did so.
In this qualitative study, 18 single adolescents, with a mean age of 17.44 ± 1.15, who were referred to 2 hospitals in Shiraz (southern Iran), were selected via convenient sampling procedure. Data were collected via semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using conventional approaches to qualitative content analysis.
Three main categories and 10 sub-categories were extracted from the data. The main categories included: (a) individual factors (lack of mental conflict, religious beliefs, fear of death, thinking about family, hope for the future, spiritual counseling), (b) social factors (interaction with friends, social stigma of suicidal attempt, sense of family cohesion), and (c) professional advice and support (psychological counseling).
The findings of this study can guide health professionals to take measures to prevent suicidal attempts, communicate with people who are at risk of attempted suicide, and prevent relapse of those who are in recovery period after an attempted suicide.

This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of the Alzheimer disease, and its risk and protective factors in the elderly people referred to health centers in Shiraz, Iran.
The current descriptive, analytical study was conducted on 2000 elderly by the randomly selection method. Mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and geriatric depression scales (GDS) were applied to gather the data. Afterwards, the cases with cognitive deficit went through the psychological and neurological examinations. All statistical computations were conducted by SPSS software, version 22.
Of the total number of studied people, 7.85% were identified with cognitive impairment. However, the prevalence of Alzheimer disease was 2.3%. The results indicated that listening to music daily, weekly visits by friends, and the daily consumption of vitamin E were the protective factors, while depression was one of the risk factors in developing the Alzheimer disease.
The findings suggested a unique opportunity for early diagnosis and preventive interventions.

Nurses constantly deal with ethical concerns, as their decisions may cause irreversible consequences for the patients. This study aimed to investigate work ethics among nurses, based on Weber’s theory of work ethics.
In this quantitative cross sectional survey, data were collected using the multidimensional work ethics profile. Cronbach’s alpha and face validity were applied for measuring the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, respectively (total Cronbach’s alpha, 0.82). Considering the total sample size of the study (n, 283), including all active nurses of public hospitals across Ilam, Iran, no sampling method was applied and data were collected through whole counting.
A direct significant correlation was observed between work ethics and religious identity (P = 0.000), as well as work ethics and use of media (P = 0.01). In addition, there was a significant gender difference in work ethics, as female nurses showed higher work ethics (P = 0.038). However, there was no significant difference among nurses with different educational levels in terms of work ethics; similar findings were reported for other variables, such as income, work experience, and marital status. Based on the regression analysis, religious identity, use of media, and social class could explain 15.9% of variance in the dependent variable (work ethics).
Religion plays an important role in work ethics among nurses. In addition, media encouragement to work and create wealth may motivate nurses to work harder and enhance their work ethics. Nurses from higher social classes generally decentralize work in their lives and consequently have poorer work ethics. In addition, it seems that gender discrimination against men in nursing has a negative impact on their work ethics.