فصلنامه علوم مدیریت ایران
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1393)

sales and marketing relationship has been specified as one of the challenging issues of organizations in the marketing literature. We proposed a novel conceptual framework for designing the relationship between sales and marketing and explaining its strategic consequences by borrowing theories from strategy and organization theories. In the strategy literature, organizational ambidexterity, which refers to combining attention toward exploration and exploitation, is a driving force for organizational survival and growth. This paper suggests that designing sales and marketing relationship is an effective mechanism for realizing organizational ambidexterity. Sales departments reinforce exploitation and marketing departments reinforce exploration in organizations. In addition, based on the organizational theory literature, designing appropriate cross-functional relationships require accepting structural differences in one side and applying integration mechanisms in the other side. Structural differentiation between sales and marketing improves each department’s capability and thus results in enhancing exploration and exploitation. Yet, to realize organizational ambidexterity there should be integration mechanisms and mutual support of each other’s activities.

The main goal of this article is to explain how the field of Knowledge Management is affected by The Theory of Knowledge (or Epistemology). Moreover, it proposes the rout of this effectiveness. The initial purpose of this statement is to propose a conceptual model showing the effects of the Knowledge Theory on Knowledge Management and expressing the theorems and rules showing this rout of effectiveness. First of all, for achieving the goal of this article, the literature relating to the foundation of Epistemology is reviewed. By a careful review related to knowledge definition, its categorization and its legalization approach, the direct relation between Epistemology and Knowledge Management is cleared. By reviewing the existing paradigms in Knowledge Management and its related fields, the indirect relationship between Epistemology and Knowledge Management is defined. This relation is determined by paradigms and theories embedded in other related disciplines. These extracted relations are discussed in the form of fourteen extensive theorems and then proposed in a conceptual model. Then, six composed theorems are extracted by combining these fourteen theorems. These six theorems can explain the problem statement. Finally, all theorems are integrated in one main theorem. The final theory is proposed in the form of an initial theory expressing the rout of effectiveness of the Knowledge Management from Epistemology. This model can be used for reviewing and reconstructing Knowledge Management theories and extending this field based on other competitive Epistemologies.

Gamification – defined as taking the game design elements into non-game contexts– is a fruitful and academically rich research area. The acknowledged need to develop methods for enhancements in organizational culture in general, and in corporate entrepreneurship culture in particular, is our incentive to propose a connection between the two fields of study and to use gamification-based approaches to improve corporate entrepreneurship organizational culture. The most important contribution of this paper is to suggest a method to derive gamification-based enhancement approaches and applying it to corporate entrepreneurship culture.

Green IT has become an important issue in the world due to the fast growing role of IT in people’s life. In Iran, after the execution of targeted subsidies plan, the need for such research issues is more obvious. The main goal of this paper is to identify the effective and critical factors on the implementation of Green IT through virtualization. After a thorough literature review, data was collected using a questionnaire and interviews conducted with the experts. Statistical population of this research includes managers and staffs of Iran Khodro Company (SAPCO). In this study, a stratified random sampling method was used. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated and the result indicated the validity of the questionnaire. The conceptual framework was designed using Bose and Luo framework. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and structural equation models of single-sample T-test were used to test the hypotheses. According to the findings, the most effective factor identified has been related to identify­cation and readiness, and commitment of resources. However, top management support and legal protection factors had no positive relationship with the implementation of Green IT. Also, findings show that virtualization was positively related to Green IT initiatives.

Present survey as an applied research has investigated the relationship between Pars Khazar brand benefits and customer satisfaction and its behavioral loyalty considering the role of some mediating variables. To study these relationships, a sample including 384 customers of Pars Khazar brand in Rasht city is selected. Data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire. Its validity was tested through the face validity approach, and its reliability was measured by two approaches including Cronbach's alpha (90%) and the split half approach (90/9 %). The findings show that a positive relationship exists between the three brand benefits and customer satisfaction. Another positive relationship was found between brand behavioral loyalty and two benefits including experience based benefits and symbolic one. Analyzing the role of mediating variables revealed that customer satisfaction has mediated the relationship between symbolic and experience based benefits with brand behavioral loyalty. In addition, in the relationship between functional benefits of brand and customer satisfaction, symbolic and experience based benefits mediated this relationship. Therefore, it is suggested that the only way of achieving customer satisfaction and her behavioral loyalty to Pars khazar Khazar brand is to provide customers with functional, symbolic and experience based benefits respectively.

Using Simmel’s conception about the form and the way we make the world meaningful, in this article I discuss organizational aesthetics as a form in organization theory. Simmel believes that forms are our only tool to confront with the world and we can make sense of the world just through the mediating role of forms. In this article, I discuss the philosophical and methodological foundations of organizational aesthetics through the comparison of it with the dominant positivist perspective in organization theory. Organizational aesthetics as a form that its theory of truth is internal consistency of phrases is introduced in this article as a world view, which is based on post-linguistic subjectivity. Then, I argue the contrast of aesthetics and positivism in organization theory as the insurmountable gap between semiotics and hermeneutics. And finally, I will end with discussing the organizational aesthetics’ potential to alleviate ceifferend in organization and its ethical consequences.