مجله مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی یزد
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1386)

It is important to know the viewpoints of supervisors about different issues and problems in preparing dissertations (as a mandatory course) in general medicine (MD) program such as the objectives of the course, improving learning methods, problems of the practical phase, and their ideas about the course efficacy. This study explores supervisors’ views concerning the thesis process and its related problems in Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. In total 119 academic members as supervisors from medical school participated in this cross sectional descriptive study. A self administered questionnaire, which proved to be valid and reliable, was used for data collection. The questionnaires were completed individually in the participants’ office or school. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results were analyzed according to the frequency distribution of variables and compared by t-test and ANOVA. Of those 42.3% of supervisors believed that thesis is necessary for Medical students but according to the supervisors, the most important problems were access to statistical guide masters allocating appropriate budget, and suitable time's allocation for student's guidance. Our results showed that dissertations in general medicine program are facing some problems, and revising the course plane may improve the quality of dissertations.

studying and learning skills are the most important abilities that can increase educational motivation and improvement. Most students did not meet success during educational period due to the poor skill ability in learning and studying. This research has carried out in order to compare the successful and unsuccessful students in related to the study's methods in Yazd medical university. This is a descriptive-analytical research. The participants of this study were medical, nurse and midwifery students of Yazd medical university. Successful student (SS) and unsuccessful (USS) was defined as 10 % of upper part of highest (n=46) and 10 % of lower part of lowest (n=45) average university, respectively and recruited in this study. The data of this research were been collected by questionnaire. Its reliability proved by three learning specialists and its validity was determined using test-retest at the intervals of two weeks on 30 students (r=0.765) data analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation and t- test. There was a significant difference between two groups according to their average in diploma (17.21 vs 13.39) and university average (11.74 vs 18) in SS and USS groups, respectively. The SS comparing to unsuccessful ones had an effective method for studying (using the pq4r method, organizing the topics, active reading, question setting and reading for getting the answers) and have a better studding habits (studying time table, being active at class, studying before class, studding after class) as well. Our results showed that it is necessary to design educational effective skills for training and studying especially in students who had a pervious educational failure.

University's students are faced with a lot of problems such as dropout. There are many factors to happen and by destroyed. Aim of this study was to determine the student's opinions about most effective factors for academic dropout in Shahid Sadoughi University. This is a descriptive – analytic study. In total 40 students who had dropped out and 60 students who had not dropout, in their academic curriculum, were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire contains questions related to the demographic & effective features, which completed by each student. There was a significant difference between two groups for age, marriage status, condition level at the entry time (p=0.000) from statically point of view in the age, The marriage status, quota (p=0.000), who the students live with (p=0.004), and crisis in family (p=0.04). The students that dropout were often older, married, with specific quota, live with roommates, and with crisis in family.These students were often boys and dropped out in special courses. The opinions of dropped out students about the importance effective factors for academic dropout were faraway from family, lack of program, be employed, inappropriate questions of examinations, shortage of time examinations, diseases, and less motivation. According to the results of this study and other related studies, it is recommended that the heads of educational units increase their attention to importance effective factors for academic dropout, including married students with specific quota and the roommate situation.

With the increasing usage of X rays, professional responsibility entails dentists to have sufficient and correct knowledge about prescription of radiographies in order to correctly diagnose and minimally expose patients to radiation. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness levels of dentists in Yazd in term of correct prescription of radiographies. In this descriptive, cross sectional study, specially formatted questionnaires were filled by 134 dentists. Their knowledge in 10 various fields for correct prescription of radiographies was evaluated and compared in each field on the basis of gender and educational status.(General, specialists) According to the results, knowledge levels about correct prescription of panoramic, periapical radiographies, CT and MRI was good, while that for occlussal radiographies, patients prone to caries, patients with periodontal diseases, evaluation of growth condition and dental crypts was moderate. In addition, it was weak for bitewing radiographies and in patients not prone to caries. There was no significant difference in awareness levels according to gender. The awareness level of specialists was much higher than that of general dentists except in cases of patients prone to caries where the difference was not significant. One of the most effective means for reducing probable risks of radiation is abstention from prescription of unnecessary radiographies.

Exam with Multiple-choice question is one of the most objective tests applied in medical science. This type of exam is considered as one of the best existing methods of testing because of several reasons such as homogeneity of the questions, low susceptibility for blind guess, and easiness of the scoring. The goal of this study is to find out the extent which the members of scientific board and the professors of Yazd Medical University of Shahid Sadoughi follow the multiple-choice test-making rules while preparing the questions for final exams. This is a descriptive study one which was administered on the questions of 187 of the members of scientific board and the university professors who had evaluated their students by multiple-choice questions. The data was gathered using the check list designed by the members of medical education center including demographic information of the scientific board member and the items on how to adapt multiple-choice questions to making rules of these questions. Finally the gathered data was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that 79.1% (148 persons) of the 187 subjects were males and the rest were females. The highest number of the subjects was from Medical University (clinical) (41.2% or 77 persons) and the lowest was from public health (8% or 15 persons). The distribution of the scores by ordinal scale included 24.6(46 persons) as good, 66.8% (125 persons) as intermediate and 8.6 (16 persons) as poor. The highest percentage of good scores belonged to nursery and midwifery faculty (30.4%) and the lowest belonged to paramedical faculty (5.6%). Besides paramedical faculty (83.3%) possessed the highest intermediate score (83.3%) and the faculty of dentistry possessed the lowest one. Finally, the highest low score belonged to dentistry faculty (16%) and the lowest was for Medical faculty (5.2%)(clinical). Due to the significant role of evaluation in the process of teaching, fortifying and stabilizing what the students have learnt in final exams, preparing standard questions under test making rules is something inevitable. Therefore, instruction of the scientific board members is an essential issue in order to achieve this goal. And it is recommended that education development centers do their best to investigate the multiple-choice questions and offer the required feed-back to them.

Because of the ultimate goal of continuous medical education is to improve outcome for patients by changing doctors practice behaviors, we evaluated the General Practitioner's view points on different methods for performing of CME programs, different presentation formats and methods of evaluation of programs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed which was carried out on 121 General Practitioners’ (GP) view points on the suitable method for performing of CME programs, different presentation formats and the desired method for evaluation of programs were been completed. The data analyzed by appropriate statistical tests using SPSS. Of 121 GPs, 69.4% of them were male, 43.2% were working in private sector and 64.1% of them were working in Yazd city. Of those 36.2% preferred individualized programs and 28.4% of them, face-to-face programs (live lectures). Of different presentation formats, 26.1% of the GPs preferred self-teaching programs and it was 21.8% for workshop and organized programs. In addition, 48.2% of them preferred the completion of the questioners for evaluating of programs. Regarding our results, we need to revise the methods for performing and formats of CME programs and individualized programs (self-teaching publications) will make participation in CME easier for occupied physicians. In addition, we recommend workshop for solution of their professional problems

However human learning is by not only designing, but also classes are important unit, which educational experiment will be do in designing. Using need assessment it is possible to determine a logical order of actions must be done. These could be considered as when, where, who, what groups, what budgets, methods and device. The trainers are primary designer of the system. They perhaps facing with five different problems are: 1) Leading, 2) Evaluation, 3) Content and average, 4) Methods and 5) Limitation. If a trainer can resolve these problems, his learning quality will be promoted.The aim of this study was to determine trainer's problem and the way for solving. A cross-sectional study was carried out. In to be 92 trainers related in the study who was working in high school (48% men & 52% women). A questionnaire was designed with two type's questions. First part includes 6 demographic questions and second 29 questions about educational problems of trainers. The data were analyzed by SPSS for windows. The data showed that the 90% of trainers believed that their educational background right related to the courses of their students. About 22% had not any more interest for collaboration with school to be involved in education program. More than 90% of trainers asked the money for educating the students. The results showed that the trainers have difficulty to do their activities better than now. It is necessary the health school collaborate with them.