فهرست مطالب

Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Volume:11 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/27
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Moyosore Salihu Ajao, Adebayo Babatunde Sansa, Aminu Imam *, Abdulmumin Ibrahim, Misturat Yetunde Adana, Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi, Suwebat Bidemi Kareem Pages 1-5
    Background
    Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat to the health of the public. In this work, we investigated the effects of continuous exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) on kidney function and hematological parameters, and the possible antidote activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO).
    Methods
    This research was conducted in 2016, at The Animal Holding and Research Laboratory of Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each. The four groups received: 1. phosphate buffer solution as controls, 2. DDVP, 3. DDVP㔣 and 4. NSO alone. After 2 wk of treatment, blood samples were collected and hematological profile (RBC, Hb), erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt), renal function parameters (albumin, urea, total protein, chloride, sodium, and potassium ions) and nonspecific immune response (WBC) were measured.
    Results
    Rat exposed to DDVP showed red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and total protein levels was reduced from control, while white blood cell count and urea significantly increased as compared to controls, the change in K level was not significant. NSO maintained optimal levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, white blood cell count, and urea, indicative of its protective effect against hemo-, immuno- and nephrotoxicity of DDVP.
    Conclusion
    N. sativa (Black Caraway) oil might be a potential antidote in hematotoxicity, immunosuppression and renal dysfunction in organophosphate poisoning, especially dichlorvos. The protective effect of NSO against dichlorvos toxicity can be attributed to its antioxidant capacity.
    Keywords: Anemia, Dichlorvos, Kidney Function Tests, Nigella Sativa, Organophosphates, Organophosphate Poisoning
  • Mehrzad Bahtouee, Hossein Fatemikia, Khalil Pourkhalili, Euikyung Kim, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Zahra Tavosi, Abdol Hamid Esmaili, Abdollah Hajivandi, Yaghoob Hassan, Ramin Seyedian* Pages 7-12
    Background
    Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis has been accepted as an animal model for fibrosis in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of saffron aqueous extract on this disorder paving the way for more investigation in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in human.
    Methods
    Male Wistar rats (250–300 gr) were instilled a single dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) via intratracheal tube (n=6) in 2015. Sham group received normal saline. Saffron aqueous extract (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) were given orally in two different treated groups with bleomycin for 28 days. Lung Indices was calculated at the end of this experiment. Lung segments fixed in 10% formaldehyde were used for pathological preparation with Hematoxylin & Eosin and trichrome staining.
    Results
    The body weight was decreased and lung Indices increased in bleomycin group (P
    Conclusion
    This study introduces saffron as novel anti-fibrotic agent against bleomycin-induced fibrosis due to histological examinations and preventive effects on destructive enzyme release in rats.
    Keywords: Bleomycin, Fibrosis, Rat, Saffron
  • Ali Bashiri Dezfouli, Jamileh Salar-Amoli, Mina Yazdi *, Tahereh Ali-Esfahani, Abbas Barin Pages 13-20
    Background
    The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the hepatotoxicity as well as antioxidants activities of hydromethanolic extract of six common traditional species (Origanum vulgar, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Ferula assafoetida, Artemisia dracunculus, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Valerian officinalis) in order to find a safe antioxidant source.
    Methods
    This research project was performed at Toxicology and Animal Poisoning Research Center, University of Tehran (Tehran, Iran), in 2016. The HepG2 cells viability was examined by LDH and MTT techniques following treatment with different concentrations of selected herbal hydroethanolic extracts for 72 h. Furthermore, assessment of antioxidative properties of the extracts was carried out by various scavenging models including DPPH and FRAP.
    Results
    The highest cytotoxicity was displayed by F. asafoetida extract (IC50= 67.3 µg/ml). R. Officinalis and A. dracunculus extracts were noted as non-toxic due to the high effective dose. Interestingly, V. officinalis extract indicated stimulating effects on cell growth/ proliferation with ED50 values of 20.9 µ/ml. The highest and lowest antioxidant capacities refer to R. officinalis and V. officials. In DPPH assay, the IC50 value of R. officinalis and V. officinalis extracts was found to be 39.82 and 371.77 µg/ml, respectively. FRAP values of R. officinalis and V. officials were 2754.07 and 561.14 µM/g, respectively.
    Conclusion
    This study identified R. officinalis extract as a natural non-toxic agent with remarkable antioxidant potential in phytomedicine.
    Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Cell Viability, Hepg2 Cells, Hydromethanolic Extracts, Medicinal Herbs
  • Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah, Hamed Ghafari Farsani, Mohammad Hasan Gerami, Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati, Hasan Nezhadheydari Pages 21-26
    Background
    To assess the toxicity of environmental pollutants in fish, there are different physiological parameters including histology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prebiotic dietary supplement on fish immune response after exposure to toxicant.
    Methods
    The study was conducted in the Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources aquaculture Laboratory in 2017. Common carp species were obtained and exposed to 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 6 ppm Abamectin as a toxicant. Prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides added to diet with spray method as 1 g/kg and histopathological examinations were done after 60 d experiment. There were no significant differences between aquariums in water quality during the test and no mortality and injuries were observed during accumulation.
    Results
    The Abamectin caused some lesions such as vacuolization latest, bleeding, necrosis, degeneration of the epithelium, the destruction of the villi in the intestine, destruction of liver cells, ascites, hemorrhage, necrosis and nuclear karyolysis in the liver and lymphocytes penetration and degradation of intestinal epithelium in intestine. Maximum lesions observed in 6-ppm toxicant concentration.
    Conclusion
    The isomalto-oligosaccharides probiotics was not successful in stimulating the immune system and reducing adverse effect of toxicant in common carp, significantly. However, usage of this prebiotic could be useful in some cases.
    Keywords: Abamectin, Common Carp, Prebiotic Isomalto-Oligosaccharides, Tissue Damage
  • Siavash Kamyar, Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani * Pages 27-31
    Background
    Mycotoxins naturally occur in foods. Aflatoxins can cause serious health problems in consumers. Nowadays, biological detoxification method is considered to decrease the aflatoxins level in foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of kefir starter microorganisms to decrease the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in milk.
    Methods
    The study was carried out at Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University in 2016. AFM1 at three levels 150, 200 and 250 ng/L was added to milk samples. Then a pool of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and full kefir starter culture was added to milk samples. After cool storage of samples in 4 °C for 7 d, all samples were collected and the level of AFM1 determined by HPLC method. All samples were prepared in triplicate.
    Results
    The highest reduction percentage of AFM1 was observed in yeast (65.33%-68.89%) and LAB pool (65%). Samples with full kefir starter showed the reduction percent range of 11.67-34.66% that was lower in compare with other treatment groups.
    Conclusion
    These findings support the ability of LAB and yeasts to bind to aflatoxins in foods. Kefir drink in countries with high contamination by AFM1 in milk can be a safe dairy product choice for consumers.
    Keywords: Aflatoxin M1, Detoxification, Kefir, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Yeast
  • Amir Mohammad Kazemifar, Hossein Mojdehipanah *, Maryam Arami, Shali Khamesi Pages 33-36
    Background
    Drinking water is the most important cause of poisoning in the world. Iran is one of the countries with arsenic-contaminated water upper limit of normal. In this study, we decided to determine the effects of chronic arsenic poisoning on demographic, clinical and laboratory features of people.
    Methods
    This descriptive-sectional study carried out on all people resided in Shahidabad Village, Qazvin Province in 2015. All of them were evaluated in terms of demographic features, blood pressure, diabetes, dermatologic, and neurologic lesions, and fasting blood sugar. People with exclusion criteria were excluded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics.
    Results
    Out of 400 subjects, 278 (69.5%) females and 122 (30.5%) males), 88 (22%) people had positive urine test for arsenic and 312 (78%) subjects had negative urine test. The mean age of them was 48.9± 16.6 yr. The mean age and duration of residence in the region in arsenic positive group were significantly higher than arsenic negative group (P
    Conclusion
    Although there were no significant differences between two groups in terms of many clinical and laboratory findings but the prevalence of 22% of poisoning with arsenic in the selected population reveals the necessity of screening, preventive measures and appropriate treatments in people exposed to arsenic contamination.
    Keywords: Arsenate, Arsenic, Complications, Poisoning, Prevalence
  • Zahra Nazari Khorasgani, Atefeh Raesi Vanani, Mohammad Javad Khodayar, Heibatullah Kalantari, Farhad Mansouri, Golnaz Varnaseri Pages 37-41
    Background
    The heavy metal pollutions were accumulated in aquatic animals such as fish. Whereas consumption of canned fish is increased in many countries, contaminated fish meat would make a hazard to food security and public health. In this study, the levels ofiron and chromium were measured in canned fish products in in Khuzestan, Iran, in 2015.
    Methods
    Forty-six of canned fish composite samples were analyzed for levels of iron and chromium after dry digestion and then determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
    Results
    The mean concentrations of A and B canned brandsfor iron were 4.6504348 and 0.1908696 and for chromium were 1.36030435 and 0.67629565, respectively. There were significant differences in the iron and chromium levels between two brands of canned fishes (P
    Conclusion
    According to US EPA health criteria for carcinogens, there was no health risk to chromium in canned fish.
    Keywords: Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Chromium, Canned Fish, Heavy Metals, Iran, Iron
  • Mehrnaz Shirmohammadi, Mohammad Taghi Ronagh, Negin Salamat, Abdolali Movahedinia, Gholamreza Hamidian Pages 43-47
    Background
    The aim of this study was to assess the changes in plasma levels of antioxidant enzymes and melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) in immune tissues as biomarkers of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) exposed to phenanthrene (Phe) for 14 days.
    Methods
    The research was carried out at Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran in Jan 2016. Thirty-six immature fish were intraperitoneally injected with coconut oil (10 μl/g-bw) containing Phe (70mg/kg-bw) and compared with control group (without injection). Then tissue and blood samples were obtained at 1, 4, 7 and 14 d after injection.
    Results
    The SOD and CAT activity showed a significant decrease in fish exposed to Phe up to day 7, then activity increased at day 14 in Phe-treated fish (P
    Conclusion
    Changes in these parameters (SOD, CAT, and MMCs) might be used as useful biomarkers for evaluating immunosuppressive Phe in fish.
    Keywords: Antioxidant Enzymes, Melano-Macrophage Centers, Phenanthrene, Yellowfin Seabream