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Dental Research Journal - Volume:14 Issue: 3, Jun 2017

Dental Research Journal
Volume:14 Issue: 3, Jun 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/04/08
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Fatemeh Goodarzi, Amir Hossein Mahvi, Mostafa Hosseini, Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Mina Parvizishad Page 163
    Background
    The objective of this study was to systematically review prevalence of dental caries at different water fluoride levels and emphasize fluoride concentration of drinking water and prevalence of dental caries.
    Materials And Methods
    A comprehensive study was conducted using PubMed database. Inclusion criteria were predefined and some articles fulfilled these criteria. Study validity was assessed by some checklists. Surveys were conducted to determine prevalence of dental caries among individuals.
    Results
    The heterogeneity in the group of children with deciduous teeth in terms of the amount of fluoride in drinking water and social class was significant, and the results of the studies in all the subgroups could not be pooled. However, the heterogeneity of group 2 for subjects with permanent teeth in terms of the fluoride level in drinking water and social class was not significant, and the results of the studies in each subgroup could be pooled together.
    Conclusion
    The meta‑regression showed that tooth type and social class had a significant association with the difference in the prevalence of dental caries. Therefore, these variables were the sources of heterogeneity, and the studies must be grouped and subgrouped based on these variables.
    Keywords: Dental caries, fluoride, review, systematic, water
  • Poulami Mishra, Nusrath Fareed, Hemant Battur, Sanjeev Khanagar, Manohar A. Bhat, Jagan Palaniswamy Page 169
    Background
    Early childhood caries is a public health problem that continues to affect babies and preschool children worldwide. This untreated caries process results in progressive destruction of the crowns of the teeth, often accompanied by severe pain and suffering, affecting the quality of life. Fluoride varnish which is one of the most important materials to prevent ECC is easy to apply and well tolerated by children. This study aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence regardingthe role of fluoride varnish in preventing early childhood caries.
    Materials And Methods
    Records were searched from various databases such as PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE. Articles published over the past 36 years 1979-2015) were identified using the key search terms. A total of 190 records were identified by title/abstracts/full text articles and were retrieved. Potentially relevant reports identified from the reference lists of relevant studies, review articles and chapters were hand‑searched, which yielded an additional 10 articles. The main outcome of our investigation was prevention of early childhood caries following application of fluoride varnish and unavoidable fluoride exposure. Out of 190 articles originally identified, 30 records were considered potentially eligible and sought for further assessment. 17 articles met the inclusion criteria and these studies were assessed independently for methodology and performance.
    Results
    Analysis of literature revealed that basically two concentrations of fluoride varnishes have been used: 1% and 5%, with a caries preventive fraction ranges of 6.4-30% and 5-63%, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that fluoride varnishes have been used at concentrations of 1% and 5% in the prevention of ECC. The preventive fraction was influenced by the frequency of application, the duration of study and sample size. The evidence level of the studies was of moderate to limited value.
    Keywords: Early childhood caries, fluoride varnish, prevention
  • Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin, Hisham Yehia El Batawi Page 177
    Background
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was conducted on 28 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, aged 6.5−9.8 years. Children underwent one introductory (desensitization) appointment and three treatment sessions. During the introductory session, children had the procedures explained to them, they watched a movie projected on a screen while oral screening and assessment of cooperation level were carried out. In treatment session I, oral examination, charting, and dental x‑rays were undertaken, whereas the children watched movies with or without video eyewear. During treatment sessions II/III, dental prophylaxis was carried out on upper and lower jaws in addition to the application of dental sealants on the right upper and lower and the left upper and lower permanent molars, respectively, while the children were distracted by cartoon movies using video eyewear. Changes in pulse oximeter and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t‑test was used to assess the significance of changes in pulse and O2 saturation levels during each visit.
    Results
    International Caries Detection and Assessment System‑code 2 was found to be the most prevalent (n = 58; 52%). A significant difference (P
    Conclusion
    Initial desensitization appointment and “tell‑show‑do” approach, followed by short and positive treatment sessions, assisted in gaining cooperation and improving behavior in the subjects. Video eyewear distraction proved an effective tool in managing children with autism spectrum disorder during noninvasive preventive dental procedures.
    Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, behavior modification, dental sealants, visual distraction, video eyewear
  • Romina Mazaheri, Ebrahim Jabbarifar, Elnaz Ghasemi, Elahe Akkafzadeh, Elmira Poursaeid Page 188
    Background
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), accounting for 23% of all malignancies in children,is the most prevalent pediatric malignancy. This study compared dental caries, oral hygiene status,salivary pH, and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental plaques and saliva of children with leukemiawith those of healthy controls.
    Materials And Methods
    This case–control cross‑sectional study assessed 32 children withALL and 32 healthy children (4–9‑year‑old) for gingival bleeding index (GBI), decayed, missing, andfilled/decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMF/dmfs), and plaque index (PI). Sampling was performedto determine salivary pH and S. mutans counts of the participants. The two groups matched interms of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The groups were compared using independentt‑test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi‑square test, and Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation analyses.
    Results
    The mean DMF/dmfs and GBI were significantly higher in the ALL group (PDMF/dmfs = 0.03;PGBI = 0.04). However, the two groups were not significantly different in the mean PI values (P = 0.47).The mean S. mutans counts in dental plaques and saliva of the children with leukemia were significantlylower than the healthy controls (P
    Conclusion
    Higher caries and gingival bleeding rates, higher dental plaque accumulation inchildren with ALL, decreased salivary pH, and cumulative effects of other risk factors highlight thesignificance of oral hygiene training programs (for the parents of these children) and regular dentalexaminations for these children.
    Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, caries, children, dental plaque, gingival health, Streptococcus mutans
  • Farzaneh Ahrari, Alireza Boruziniat, Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour, Mehrnoosh Alirezaei Page 195
    Background
    This study investigated the impact of different surface treatments, including fractionalcarbon dioxide (CO2) laser on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic.
    Materials And Methods
    In this in vitro study, 72 blocks of IPS e.max CAD ceramic were randomlydivided into six groups in terms of treatment (n = 12). Group 1 underwent etching with 9.6%hydrofluoric (HF) acid, whereas group 2 was subjected to air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles.Groups 3 and 4 were treated with a fractional CO2 laser for 10 s using 10 W/14 mJ (group 3) or20 W/10 mJ (group 4). In groups 5 and 6, the CO2 laser was applied similar to that in groups 3 and4, respectively; then, the specimens were etched by HF acid. After silane application, luting cementwas bonded to the specimens. The SBS was assessed with a universal testing machine, and the typeof bond failure was determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan, and Fisher’s exact tests.
    Results
    Surface conditioning with fractional CO2 laser alone resulted in significantly lower SBSthan HF acid treatment (P
    Conclusion
    The combination of fractional CO2 laser irradiation and HF acid etching could berecommended when extra retention is required for lithium disilicate‑based restorations, whereaslaser treatment alone cannot produce sufficient SBS.
    Keywords: Bond strength, carbon dioxide laser, ceramics, laser treatment, lithium disilicate
  • R. Subramaniam, R. Sanjeev, Suneesh Kuruvilla, Mathew T. Joy, B. Muralikrishnan, John Paul Page 203
    Background
    The use of jargon has become very common in the healthcare field, especially inmedical/dental records. Although the use of standard medical jargon can be seen as professional,efficient shorthand, a lack of awareness regarding the standard medical abbreviations and incessantand overzealous use of slang among the healthcare professionals can act as a barrier to effectivecommunication and understanding among patients and peers. The aim of this study was to assessthe acceptance and use of jargon in case history taking among clinical dental students and dentalteaching faculty members of dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala.
    Materials And Methods
    A cross‑sectional questionnaire‑based survey was carried out, consistingof 15 questions, to assess the objectives of the study. The study was conducted among clinical dentalundergraduate students, house surgeons, postgraduate students and teaching faculty membersof five dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts, Kerala. The results were expressed as anumber and percentage of response for each question and Chi‑squared test was used for inferentialstatistical analysis.
    Results
    All the 549 respondents used jargon in case history taking. Approximately 22.4% of therespondents admitted that they always used jargon and 55.8% admitted of using jargon only whenthere was a lack of time. The majority of the respondents (71.4%) learned the jargon from theircolleagues. Approximately 50% of the respondents admitted use of jargon in a history section andabout 32% of the respondents in all the sections of case history taking. Approximately 74% wereof the opinion that abbreviations should be permitted in case history taking.
    Conclusion
    This study showed widespread use of jargon/abbreviations in case history takingamong the respondents. There is a lack of knowledge regarding standard medical abbreviations.Although the majority of the respondents were comfortable with the use of jargon, the majorityof the postgraduates and faculty members felt the use of jargon should be stopped.
    Keywords: Abbreviations, case history, dental students, jargon
  • Atefeh Tavangar, Parichehr Ghalayani, Mahsa Abbasi Boroujeni, Fereshteh Sadat Ghoreishian Page 209
    Background
    This study aimed to assess the salivary levels of interleukin‑8 (IL‑8) in oral lichenplanus (OLP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and OLP DM patients in comparison withhealthy individuals.
    Materials And Methods
    This descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted on 75 patients(30 with OLP, 5 with both OLP and DM, 20 with DM and 20 healthy controls). The salivary levelsof IL‑8 and fasting blood sugar and 2‑h postprandial blood glucose levels were measured in all thesubjects. Data were analyzed with one‑way ANOVA and post hoc least significant difference tests.
    Results
    The mean salivary level of IL‑8 was the highest in OLP DM patients, followed by DM,OLP and control groups, respectively. Pair‑wise comparisons of the groups revealed significantdifferences in the salivary levels of IL‑8 between OLP and control, DM and control, also OLP DMpatients and control (P
    Conclusion
    The increasing salivary level of IL‑8 in the control, OLP, DM, OLP DM groups,respectively, indicates the role of this inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of OLP and diabetes.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, interleukin‑8, lichen planus, saliva
  • Khushboo Sahay, Priyanka Kardam, Monica Mehendiratta, Shweta Rehani, Nisha Singh Page 215
    Osseous choristoma is a rare, benign lesion of the oral cavity. This report presents a case of osseouschoristoma in the submental region of a 30‑year‑old female subject. Her chief complaint was apainless swelling in the submental region. Panoramic radiography showed a well‑defined, round,radiopaque lesion near the inferior border of the left mental region. The lesion was diagnosed as anosseous choristoma based on the histopathological examination of the surgical specimen. This paperis an attempt to bring forward a unique occurrence of osseous choristoma, which would furtherhelp the medical fraternity in improvising their knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of this entity.
    Keywords: Biopsy, calcification, osseous choristoma, osteocytes, submental
  • Jayam Raviraj, Venkata Suman, Dirasantchu Suresh, K. Kartik, Venkata Suman, Dirasantchu Suresh, K. Kartik Page 219
    Achondroplasia is the most common cause of dwarfism, which is inherited as an autosomal dominantdisorder, caused by genetic mutation in fibroblast growth factor 3, leading to defective maturation ofchondrocytes. It is known to be associated with various oral and dental manifestations such as delayeddental development, midfacial hypoplasia and constricted maxilla with a relatively large mandible,resulting in skeletal/dental Class III malocclusion, posterior crossbite, anterior reverse jet and anterioroverbite. However, the association of achondroplasia with talon cusp and supernumerary teeth hasnever been reported in the literature. Wehereby reported a case of achondroplasia associated withsuch unusual findings. Moreover, all the three variants of talon cusp, i.e., “true talon,”“semitalon”and “trace talon” are observed in the present case, which makes it a unique one. Further doubletalon cusps were noticed in the palatal aspect of maxillary central incisors.
    Keywords: Achondroplasia, dental, dwarfism, supernumerary teeth