فهرست مطالب

Medical Laboratory Journal
Volume:12 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/08/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hossein Khani , Alijan Tabarraei , Abdolvahab Moradi* Pages 1-4
    Background and objectives
    Coronaviruses are the main causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. They are also the second leading cause of common cold after rhinoviruses, and can lead to otitis media and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular detection of coronaviruses in clinical samples of patients with flu-like symptoms.
    Methods
    Specimens were taken from 297 patients with flu-like symptoms who were referred to the influenza laboratory of Golestan University of Medical Sciences during 2012-2014. RNA was extracted from the specimens using an RNA extraction kit. Accordingly, RNA was used for cDNA synthesis and GAPDH was used as the internal control. Synthesized cDNA was investigated for presence of human coronaviruses genome with real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.
    Results
    The coronavirus genome was not detected in the specimens of patients with flu-like symptoms.
    Conclusion
    Genome of human coronaviruses is absent in samples from patients with upper respiratory tract infections and influenza-like symptoms, which may indicate the low prevalence of the virus in the Golestan Province, Iran
    Keywords: Human coronaviruses, Upper respiratory tract infection, Golestan Province
  • Mehrdad Fathi*, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini , Somaye Khairabadi , Keyvan Hejazi Pages 5-11
    Background and objectives
    Studies have shown that exercise can affect hormone secretion and some metabolic and endocrine functions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on thyroid hormones and quality of life in obese postmenopausal women.
    Methods
    In this semi-experimental study, 21 obese (body mass index >30 Kg/m2) women aged between 35 and 45 were randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) group and a control group (n=11). The subjects in the experimental group performed 30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise at 65-75% of maximum heart rate, three times a week, for eight weeks. Level of thyroid hormones and quality of life subscales were compared within and between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed at significance level of 0.05.
    Results
    After the eight-week exercise program, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrotropin releasing hormone levels increased significantly, and thyroid releasing hormone level decreased significantly (P=0.001). The exercise program also had significantly positive effects on quality of life and its occupational, sexual and emotional subscales in obese postmenopausal women.
    Conclusion
    Aerobic exercise causes a significant increase in levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrotropin releasing hormone and some subscales of quality of life. It also causes a significant decrease in thyroid releasing hormone level, which indicates the effect of exercise on hormone secretion
    Keywords: Thyroid hormones, Obese, Quality of life, Aerobic training
  • Seyed Javad Mirghani*, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani , Maghsoud Peeri Pages 12-18
    Background and Objectives
    Obesity is a global health problem that could lead to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Polygenic obesity is caused by multiple factors, such as lack of exercise and excess food intake. In this study, we evaluated effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and isocratic moderate-intensity training (MIT) on anthropometric indices and insulin resistance in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).
    Methods
    Twenty-five male Wistar rats (mean age of 5-6 weeks) were divided into three groups: control group (HFD, N=5), HFD+ MIT (N=10) and HFD+ HIIT (N = 10). After placing the subjects on a HFD for 13 weeks, the exercise groups performed trainings for 12 weeks.
    Results
    Body mass index and Lee index decreased significantly in both training groups (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin resistance between the three groups (P>0.05).
    Conclusion
    Based on the results, it can be concluded that HIIT is more effective than MIT in reducing some of the obesity markers in obese rats fed with a HFD. However, this type of training has no significant impact on insulin resistance
    Keywords: Obesity, High Intensity Interval Training, High-Fat Diet, Body composition Indexes
  • Azad Khaledi , Daymad Fatemeh , Seyyed Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Maryam Meskini , Davoud Esmaeili* Pages 19-23
    Background and Objectives
    Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that affects different groups of people, especially intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The prevalence of infections caused by this bacterium is very high. Today, prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extreme-drug resistant (XDR) strains is increasing. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of A. baumannii isolates from ICU patients.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 on patients admitted to ICU of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. Clinical samples of various sources were collected from patients. Isolates were detected and identified via microbiological and biochemical tests as well as PCR amplification of the blaOxa51 gene. Then, susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 22, Chicago, IL, USA) using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
    Results
    Of the total of 62 clinical samples, 24 (39%) were respiratory samples and only three (6%) were cerebrospinal fluid samples. Most MDR and XDR strains were isolated from respiratory samples. The highest resistance rate was against ceftriaxone, ticarcillin and erythromycin (100%), while the lowest resistance rate was against to minocycline (20%).
    Conclusion
    Owing to detection of high multi-drug resistance isolates in the present study, and importance of multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii, the identification of multi-drug resistance genes and their reporting to health care/treatment centers is important. Thus, it is recommended to perform susceptibility testing to help determine the most effective antibiotic(s) for the treatment of infections in ICU patients
    Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR, XDR
  • Saman Mahdavi*, Farid Soltani Pages 24-27
    Background and objectives
    Bacillus licheniformis is a potential cause of spoilage in pasteurized products. The aim of this study was to identify and isolate B. licheniformis from commercial pasteurized fruit juices distributed in the West Azarbaijan Province, Iran.
    Methods
    Sixteen fruit juice samples including four apple juice and 12 orange juice samples were collected from five fruit juice manufacturing companies in Iran. The samples were tested for the presence of B. licheniformis by culture in specific media and biochemical testing. Suspected samples were also investigated for the presence of the bacterium by polymerase chain reaction using specific primer for the gyrB gene.
    Results
    Three samples (18.75%) from the 16 tested fruit juice samples were found as positive. In other words, one apple juice sample (25%) and two orange juice samples (16.66%) were contaminated with B. licheniformis.
    Conclusion
    Isolation of this bacterium indicates the unsuitable manufacturing conditions and ineffective bacterial decontamination, which might also be favorable for the growth of other fruit juice spoilage bacteria
    Keywords: Bacillus licheniformis, Fruit, Vegetable Juices, Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reza Bagheri*, Amir Rashidlamir , Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini Pages 28-33
    Background and objectives
    The present study was designed to determine the effect of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on follistatin to myostatin ratio, body composition and anaerobic power of trained volleyball players.
    Methods
    Eighteen trained volleyball players were randomly assigned into two study groups: resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFRT; n=9) and resistance training without blood flow restriction (WBFRT; n=9). The subjects performed trainings three sessions a week, for eight weeks. In each session, barbell squat, leg extension, leg curl and dumbbell lunges were performed in three sets of 15 repetitions, with rest intervals of 30 seconds. Serum follistatin and myostatin concentrations, body composition and anaerobic power were assessed before and after the study. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon test, independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. All statistical analyses were done in SPSS (version 22), and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    Results
    Follistatin levels increased significantly (P=0.001), while myostatin levels decreased significantly in both groups (P=0.001). Follistatin to myostatin ratio increased significantly in both groups (P=0.001). Although body fat percentage decreased in both groups, it did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.28). Moreover, anaerobic power increased significantly in both groups (P=0.001), but this increase was more profound in the BFRT group (P=0.001).
    Conclusion
    Based on our findings, blood flow restriction can be applied as remarkable approach to boost body adaptation responses to resistance training
    Keywords: Resistance training, Myostatin, Follistatin, Blood flow restriction.
  • Farzaneh Mohammadzadeh Rostami , Milad Shahsafi* Pages 34-39
    Background and Objectives
    Halophilic bacteria can grow and survive in environments with a wide range a wide range of salinities. In this study, we aimed to isolate halophilic bacteria from the Meyghan Lake in Arak (Iran) and evaluate their enzymatic activity.
    Methods
    Samples were taken from four different areas of the lake. Halophilic bacteria were isolated by culture in moderate halophilic medium, sea water nutrient agar and nutrient agar containing different salt concentrations. Purification was done via consecutive culture methods, and production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes including amylase, protease, lecithinase, DNase and lipase was evaluated.
    Results
    Among 74 bacteria isolated from the lake water samples, 24 produced amylase, 27 produced lipase (Tween 40 and 80), 68 produced protease, three produced DNase and 61 produced lecithinase.
    Conclusion
    In this study, we isolated halophilic bacteria with enzymatic activity and potential industrial applications
    Keywords: Biological Diversity, isolation, purification, Halobacteriales, Meyghan Lake, Arak
  • Mohammed Omer Abaker Gibreel*, Mubarak El Saeed Elkarsani , Munsour Mohammed Munsour , Hanan Babeker El Taher Pages 40-45
    Background and objectives
    This study aimed to characterize the spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations and haplotypes of sickle cell anemia in Beja tribes and other minor groups living in Port Sudan, Sudan.
    Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2011 to July 2013. Overall, 209 anemic patients were screened for hemoglobinopathy by capillary electrophoresis. The subjects were genotyped for β-thalassemia mutation by amplified refractory mutation system and for sickle cell haplotype by restriction-fragment length polymorphism.
    Results
    Of the 209 patients, 29 (13.87%) showed the typical -88(C→T) β-thalassemia mutation and 27 (12.91%) had sickle cell anemia, of whom 15 (55.6%) were heterozygous AS and 12 (44.4%) were homozygous SS. Based on results of the restriction-fragment length polymorphism; all subjects were with Benin haplotype (Benin/Benin).
    Conclusion
    Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to perform a potential carrier screening for the -88 (C→T) mutation and sickle cell Benin haplotype by DNA analysis
    Keywords: Genotyping, Hemoglobinopathies, Thalassemia, Sickle cell disease, Port Sudan