Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2013

To study a method of chemical sterilization and its efficacy in adult male dogs. Design: Experimental study. Animals- Ten healthy adult mixed breed dogs Procedures: Eugenia caryophyllata (EC) essential oil was injected into the dorsal cranial portion of each testicle of five dogs (treatment group). The same volume of normal saline was injected in the same site of testicles in the other five dogs (control group). There were no significant adverse effects and no change in the dog behavior during the study. Histopathological findings showed total necrosis of testicular tissue with fibrosis and hyalinization in seminiferous tubules and interstitial spaces. Infiltration of leucocytes was also observed. The serum concentration of testosterone was decreased significantly in treatment group. There was also no significant change in the serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total protein (TP) and cortisol level. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Single intratesticular injection of an appropriate dose of EC can result in sterilization, which is preferable to surgical castration in dog.

This study was designed to determine the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) treatment on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.Design: Experimental studyAnimals: 24 female Wistar ratsProcedures:The rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated (SHAM), SHAM with PSO treatment (SHAM + PSO), ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized with PSO treatment (OVX + PSO). OVX and SHAM rats were treated with PSO (200 mg/kg/d) or normal saline solution (in a volume similar to PSO), orally using a stomach tube for 8 weeks. Although a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in serum total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration in the OVX group was observed when compared to the SHAM group, no significant difference was observed for TAS between OVX + PSO and SHAM groups. Rats of the OVX group presented a significant increase in LDL cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), when compared to SHAM + PSO group. However, no significant difference was seen for LDL cholesterol between OVX + PSO and SHAM + PSO groups. No significant differences were seen for superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The results of the present study showed that PSO might have some beneficial effects on the antioxidant status and LDL concentration after ovariectomy in rats.

Our point is to determine if the treatment of the 3rd degree burn wounds makes any difference if sprayed cultured autologous keratinocyte used alone or in combination with Fibrin glue. Design:Animal experimental study. Animals: 30 male Wistar rats. Procedures: Thirty male Wistar rats were selected and their keratinocytes were isolated and cultured from small skin biopsy. Rats were divided randomly into 3 equal groups and three 3rd degree burn wounds with 1 cm diameter were created on their back. Wounds were treated with normal saline (control group), Autologous keratinocyte suspension (AKS) (test group1) and AKS + Fibrin (AKS+ F) (test group2) in each rat. The wounds were photographed on selected days (0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14) and the percentage of wounds contraction was calculated with image analyzer. Biopsy samples were taken as well for histological studies on days 3, 7 and 14. The results showed faster wound contraction for AKS and AKS+ F groups during 14 days period than control group (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance- Although it can be concluded that fibrin glue could prevent cells from dripping out of the wound and also speed up the wound contraction and extend the inflammation and fibrotic tissue formation, it did not have any effect on fastening the re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation during 14 days.

To evaluate the role of greater omentum incorporation of coral in healing of the long bone defect in dog model. Design: Experimental in-vivo study. Animals: Sixteen adult mongrel male dogs weighing 26.2±2.5 kg, free of evident infectious or parasitic illnesses were used in this study. Procedures: The operative procedure was undertaken under general anesthesia. Radial bone was exposed via a medial approach and a 10 mm transverse bone defect was created at mid-diaphysis with an electrical bone cutting saw. For omental free graft preparation, the abdominal cavity was approached through a 3 cm ventral midline incision, then the free end of the greater omentum was located and exteriorized from the abdominal cavity. A 30x30 mm piece of the omentum was isolated and harvested. In the control group (n=4), the defect was left empty. In the omental group (n=4) the defect was filled with the harvested omentum, in the omental-coral group (n=4) the defect was filled with omentum and a segment of coral. In the coral group (n=4) a segment of coral was implanted into the defected site. Finally, the injured radial bones were fixed with plate and screw. Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on 1st day and at 30th and 60th post injury days to evaluate bone formation radiological criteria. The operated radial bones were removed on 60th postoperative day and were histopathologically evaluated. Compared to the control groups, more advanced bone healing criteria was present in the coral, omental and omental-coral groups at radiological and histopathological evaluation at 60th post-operative day. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study demonstrated favorable bone healing with the coral, omental and omental-coral in long bone defects in dog model.

To compare transabdominal (TA) and transrectal (TR) ultrasonography of the prostate gland. Design: Experimental study. Animals: 10 intact male dogs that required euthanasia for reasons other than prostatic disease. Procedures: Prostatic length (L), width (W) and height (H) were measured in T A (L1, W1 and H1) and TR (L2 and H2) ultrasonography. Prostatic volume was calculated using the formula for the volume of an ellipsoid (VE1 and VE2) or for a box (VB1 and VB2) in TA and TR procedures, respectively. The dogs were euthanized, the prostate gland removed, and actual prostate dimensions and volume were measured. Linear regression was used to compare prostatic dimensions and volume measured by ultrasonography to actual ones. In TR ultrasonography there was no damage to rectum, the time for evaluation of the prostate gland was faster and the resolution of prostatic images was better than other procedure. There was highly significant correlation between prostatic parameters and their actual dimension. VB1, VE1 and VB2 were greater and VE2 were lesser than actual prostatic volume. In TR and TA methods the dimensions had significant correlation with real prostatic sizes, while had not significant statistical differences with real prostatic sizes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: TR ultrasonography found to be a simple, quick and noninvasive method and TA ultrasonography also yields useful information about the prostate. Calculated prostatic volume doesn''t estimated prostatic volume correctly and need to use equations produced by linear regression: V = 0.427 VB1 – 0.88. V = 0.796 VE1 – 0.40. V = 0.680 VB2 – 1.95. V = 0.980 VE2 + 1.94

Trigonella foenum graecum, (Fenugreek) has anti-inflammation, antiseptic and antidiabetic activities in traditional medicine. This study was performed to investigate the protection effects of Fenugreek seed extract on the experimental reflux esophigitis (RE) in rats.Design: experimental study.Animals: 24 male Wistar albino rats.Procedures: Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups including the sham-operated groups with normal saline (sham I) and extract (sham II) administration, the reflux esophagitis group (the reflux control group), and the reflux esophagitis group with extract administration (reflux extract group). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligating the pylorus and the limiting ridge. Normal saline and Fenugreek extract were gavaged for one week before operation in the related groups. Then, the animals were euthanized and the esophagus was evaluated for gross and histopathologic features. Gross lesions in the esophagus were graded according to the scoring system of Oh and colleagues. Significant difference in the gross lesions was observed between the reflux control and reflux extract groups. The reflux control group showed severe mucosal erosions and ulcers in the esophagus. Microscopic findings in the extract treatment group varied from no lesions to mild damages including hydropic degeneration, epithelial clefts and vesicles formation. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract of T. foenum graecum seed have protective effects against RE and this extract can be considered as one of the therapeutic options in the clinical trial studies.

Case Description:A four-year old Balami ram weighing 120kg was presented to the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) with extensive swelling and ulceration of the nictating membrane of the left eye.Clinical A dark red hard mass on the third eyelid was covering the entire eyeball. The visible mass measured 5cm vertically and 7cm horizontally. Pus exudate was expressed from the nictating membrane. Full blood count revealed normal blood values. Treatment and Outcome:Treatment involved surgical removal of the hard mass by thermocautery under sedation and general anaesthesia. The ram was premedicated with Xylazine hydrochloride 0.1mg/kg IV. General anaesthesia was induced and maintained with Ketamine hydrochloride 5mg/kg IV. Histopathological examination of samples showed numerous vascular spaces lined by multilayered neoplastic endothelia. Complete surgical excision was not curative due to recurrence. Clinical Relevance: Haemangiosarcoma are common tumors in dogs, cats, horses and swine and only few cases in ovine species were reported for the first time in the last decade. Eyelid tumours cause discomfort, interfere with eyelid function and may cause keratitis and Surgery remains the basic method of treatment in oncology.

Case Description: Two female domestic short-hair cats Clinical The cats with clinical signs of regurgitation, dysphagia and respiratory distress were presented. Symptomatic sliding hiatal hernia was diagnosed by radiography in these cats. Treatment and Outcome: The hernias were corrected surgically by only left-sided fundic gastropexy in one, and by reduction of hiatal opening and gatropexy in the other. Both animals were asymptomatic on re-examination and follow-up studies two, six and twelve months post surgery. Clinical Relevance: This study revealed radiography and gastropexy as good diagnostic and treatment techniques, respectively in sliding hiatal hernia in cats.