فهرست مطالب

Veterinary Surgery - Volume:10 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2015

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/12/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Behzad Pourreza, Seyed Mehdi Ghamsari, Farhang Sasani, Frajollah Adib Hashemi, Hamed Mansoor Lakooraj Pages 1-10
    Objective
    Mechanisms that decrease oxidative stress and enhance peritoneal fibrinolysis reduce adhesions. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant whose effect on peritoneal fibrinolysis in large animal model has not been established. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of NAC to decreased adhesion in stablished model of serosal trauma in sheep. Design: Experimental study Animals: Eight healthy male sheep weighting 42.67 ± 2.31 kg were used in this study. Procedures: Established model of serosal trauma were used for adhesion induction. Each sheep intreated group (n=4) received NAC (150 mg/kg) intraperitonealy on operative day and Intravenous infusion during 7days after surgery. Animals in untreated group received normal saline instead of NAC. Blood samples for evaluation of the CBC, total protein and fibrinogen were obtained on perioperative day and at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 11 and 14 after surgery. Animals were killed 14 days postoperatively and Adhesion formation was scored macroscopically and histopathologically.
    Results
    Evaluation of CBC showed inflammation in 75% of animals in untreated group. CBC of animals in treated group was normal during the study. Measuring the fibrinogen concentration revealed significant differences between untreated and treated groups. Extensive of adhesion formation was 100% in all sheep in both 2 groups. Macroscopic evaluation of severity of adhesion and histopathological assessment of inflammation and fibrosis showed significant reduction in adhesion formation in treated animals. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results of our study suggest a potential therapeutic use for N-Acetylcysteine in adhesion reduction and prevention in human and veterinary medicine.
    Keywords: NAC (N, Acetylcysteine), Intraabdominal Adhesion
  • Amin Bigham, Sadegh, Setare Ghasemi, Iraj Karimi, Pezhman Mirshokraei, Hasan Nazari, Ahmad Oryan Pages 11-19
    Objectives
    Tendons are integral parts of musculoskeletal system and are subjected to injury. Fibroblast is used in tendon healing, however, there is no proved and reported result regarding concurrent use of allogenic fibroblast with static magnetic field in tendon healing. In addition, there are some studies done on the effect of magnetic fields on tendon healing but the results are antithesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of simultaneous application of fibroblast and magnetic field on tendon healing in rabbit model. Design: Experimental study. Animals: Eighteen female rabbits, 15 months old and weighing 3.0±0.5 kg were used in this study. Procedures: Two legs ofeighteen rabbits were divided into 6 groups. After skin incision, superficial flexor tendon was exposed and cut transversely and then sutured. In control group tendon injury were created in right and left legs and sutured in bunnell mayer suturing technique. In culture media substance group after tendon injury in two legs, 0.5 cc culture substance was injected in the injured tendon area in two legs. In fibroblast group, fibroblast cells were injected in the tendon injured area in both legs. Then all injuries legs were dressed up, a piece of magnet was placed in the surrounding bandage of the left leg for 7 days and right legs were left empty. After 3 months, rabbits were euthanized, tendons were extracted and biomechanical tests and histopathological tests were performed.
    Results
    Ultimate Strength showed a statistically significant difference which in fibroblast-magnet group was better than other groups. Also, in histopathological evaluation fibroblast-magnet group showed better result in comparison with others. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Simultaneous use of fibroblast cells and magnetic field has a positive effect on tendon healing, both histologically and biomechanically in animal model.
    Keywords: Tendon healing, Fibroblast, Static Magnet, Biomechanics, Histopathology
  • Saeed Azizi, Behnam Heshmatian, Saman Mahmoudpour, Abbas Raisi Pages 21-29
    Objective
    Adipose tissue is an appropriate source for isolation of cells with stem-cell–like properties. In the present long-term study, the effects of the omental adipose-derived nucleated cells (OADNCs) fraction were compared to those of the undifferentiated cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on sciatic nerve regeneration. Design: Experimental in vivo study. Animals: Fifty male White Albino rats. Procedures: The rats were divided into four experimental groups, randomly: Normal control (NC), inside-out vein graft (IOVG), the OADNC and the BMSC groups. A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using an inside-out vein graft. In OADNC and BMSC groups, the vein was filled with OADNCs and BMSCs, respectively. Functional studies of sciatic function index, electrophysiologic, morphometric and immunohistochemistry assessments were performed at 16, 20 and 24 weeks after surgery.
    Results
    There was no significant differences (P > 0.05) between BMSC and OADNC groups concerning recovery of the regenerated nerves, amplitude and time delay of electromyography. Compared to IOVG, OADNCs enhanced the nerve regeneration similar to undifferentiated BMSCs. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: It was concluded the long-term morphometric results could be more reliable in histological study of sciatic nerve regeneration.
    Keywords: BMSCs, OADNCs, Sciatic nerve regeneration, Rat
  • Yazdan Aryazand, Seyfollah Dehghani, Mir Sepehr Pedram, Hosein Ashegh, Mohammad Yasan Bangesh Pages 31-37
    Objective
    To assess the feasibility of splenectomy using intracorporeal ligature placement technique. Design: Randomized experimental study. Animals: Dogs (n=7) weighting≥ 20 kg. Procedures- Dogs were randomly selected. A lap-assisted splenectomy was performed. The feasibility of splenectomy was examined using intracorporeal ligatures. Comparisons were made regarding the anesthesia, surgery and splenectomy time. Moreover, oxygen saturation, end tidal CO2, heart rate respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded and compared. Descriptive analyses were used.
    Results
    Mean durations were as follows: 114 min for anesthesia (range 80-210), 48 min for splenectomy (range 27-100 min) and 74.31 min for surgery (45-140 min). Mean RR for all 7 dogs was 16 per/min (PM). The maximum was 29 PM and the minimum 8 PM. Mean HR was 66 beats per minute (BPM). The maximum was 129 BPM and the minimum 38 BPM. Mean SPO2 was 96.2% for all 7 dogs. Minimum and maximum SPO2 levels were 84% and 99% respectively. The lowest and highest temperatures were 96.8 and 99.7 ° F during the procedure. Mean temperature was reported to be 97.9° F. Mean ETCO2 was 38.2. Minimum and maximum levels were 29 And 43 Respectively. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: lap-assisted splenectomy could be safely performed using intracorporeal ligature. It is a safe technique which provides solid vessel sealing.
    Keywords: Laparoscopy, Splenectomy, Dog
  • Yusef Nasiri, Rahim Mohammadi Pages 39-47
    Objective
    Effect of local administration of laminin and fibronectin on nerve regeneration was assessed. Design: Experimental study. Animal: Sixty male Wistar rats. Procedures: The animals were divided into four experimental groups (n=15), randomly: In transected group left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in adjacent muscle. In treatment group (CHIT/LF) the defect was bridged using a chitosan conduit filled with 10 µL mixture at a concentration of 1 mg/ml laminin and 1 mg/ml fibronectin in a 1:1 volumetric addition. In CHIT group the conduit was filled with phosphate-buffered saline. In normal control group sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of five animals each and nerve fibers were studied in a 12-week period.
    Results
    Behavioral, functional, gastrocnemius muscle mass findings and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in CHIT/LF than in CHIT group (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical reactions to S-100 in CHIT/LF were more positive than that in CHIT group. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Laminin-fibronectin improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. They could be considered as an effective treatment for peripheral nerve repair in practice.
    Keywords: Nerve repair, Sciatic, Fibronectin, Laminin, Local, Rat
  • Mohammad Naser Nazem, Ali Sadeghi, Ali Mostafavi Pages 49-57
    Objective
    The aim of this study was to measure the ratio of bone cortex (C) to bone diameter (D), (C/D) in radius/tibia, metacarpus /metatarsus and proximal phalanges in fore and hindlimbs to be used as a diagnostic guide in metabolic and nutritional diseases in Minature Donkey. Design: Experimental study Animals: Eight adult Minature donkeys. Procedures: Lateromedial, dorsopalmar and dorsoplantar radiographs of eight fore and hindlimbs of Miniature donkeys were studied. Cortical thickness, bone diameter and C/D ratio of mid radius/tibia regions, mid metacarpal/metatarsal regions and mid proximal phalanx of forelimb/ mid proximal phalanx of hindlimb regions were measured. Data were analyzed statistically and mean, standard errors and P-values were obtained.
    Results
    C/D ratios of mid radial region, mid metacarpal region and mid proximal phalanx of forelimb in lateromedial view were 0.54 ± 0.02, 0.58±0.02 and 0.54±0.03 respectively. C/D ratios of mid tibia region, mid metatarsal region and mid proximal phalanx of hindlimb in lateromedial view were 0.56±0.01, 0.65±0.02 and 0.54±0.05 respectively. C/D ratios of mid radial, mid metacarpal and mid proximal phalanx regions of forelimb in dorsopalmar view were 0.55±0.03, 0.6±0.01 and 0.55±0.02 respectively. C/D ratios of mid tibia, mid metatarsal and mid proximal phalanx regions of hindlimb in dorsoplantar views were 0.49±0.02, 0.57±0.02 and 0.55±0.04 respectively. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: This study showed that there were no significant differences between C/D ratios in any of the regions. The cortex and diameter in lateromedial view between metacarpal – metatarsal regions and cortical thickness of proximal phalanx of forelimb - hindlimb regions showed significant difference (P<0.05).
    Keywords: Radiography, Bone cortex to diameter Ratio, Forelimb, Hindlimb, Miniature Donkey
  • Hadi Imani, Abdolvahed Moarabi, Ali Baniadam, Ahmad Khajeh, Fereshteh Alipour Pages 59-65
    Objective
    To evaluate the effect of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine and bupivacaine on transit time of barium sulfate contrast medium through gastrointestinal (GI) tracts in healthy dogs. Design: Prospective, randomized experimental study. Animals-Five healthy mixed breed male dogs with 19.2±7.8 months age and 19.9±3.3 kg weight Procedure: The animals received one of the treatments of saline (SAL), lidocaine (LID; 4 mg/kg; 20 mg/mL), and bupivacaine (BUP; 1 mg/kg; 5 mg/mL) in epidural space, randomly. The total volume of all injections was adjusted with normal saline to 0.22 mL/kg. All the dogs received the three treatments with at least one week interval. After oral administration of barium sulfate (3 mL/kg), serial left lateral radiographs were taken at 0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes and then every one hour till reaching the contrast medium to the colon. Thereafter, radiographs were obtained every 24 hours until the full evacuation of the contrast medium from the GI tract was seen.
    Results
    The time to the onset of gastric emptying was significantly lower in LID and BUP compared to SAL (p<0.05). The time to the completion of gastric emptying, reaching the contrast medium to the colon, and full evacuation of the contrast medium from the GI were not significantly different among groups (p>0.05). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Epidural anesthesia with lidocaine and bupivacaine could reduce the onset of gastric emptying of barium sulfate contrast medium in healthy dogs.
    Keywords: Epidural, lidocaine, bupivacaine, Transit time, Dog
  • Mehdi Saberi, Mahdieh Rezaei, Sharareh Aghaabbasi Pages 67-71
    Case Description: A 3-month-old female intact Boxer dog was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman with a complaint epiphora, photophobia and corneal opacity of both eyes. Clinical
    Findings
    Ophthalmic examination revealed mild blepharospasm and mucoid discharge of both eyes, with severe bilateral chemosis and conjunctival hyperemia. Severe corneal edema and a white haze to the corneal stroma in the affected area were also observed. Treatment and Outcome: The dog was admitted to the hospital for 14 days for intensive topical treatment including atropine eye drop, acetylcysteine eye drop, tetracycline eye ointment, ciprofloxacin eye drop, diclofenac eye drop and topical autologous therapy, Three weeks after the injury, the epitheliums were covering entire of the corneal surface and the corneas were fluorescein negative. Clinical Relevance: Chemical injuries of the eye rarely occur in the animals based on the scarcity of publications on the subject in the veterinary literature. In the present case, chemical eye burns due to accidental exposure to the povidone iodine occurred during an elective surgery.
    Keywords: Chemical Injuries, Corneal Burnt, Dog
  • Mohammad Farajli Abbasi, Mohammad Mehdi Oloumi, Amin Paidar Ardaki, Reza Kheirandish, Shahrzad Azizi Pages 73-79
    Case Description: An Arabian 10-mounth-old filly with a large mass on the left lateral side of the neck was referred to the Department of Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahnoar University of Kerman. Clinical
    Findings
    In clinical examination a large, ulcerated mass (12×10×4cm diameter) was detected on left lateral side of the neck, covered with some serosangeneous discharge. Vital parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature) were within normal range. Treatment and Outcome: The surgery was performed under general inhalation anesthesia and the mass was removed en bloc. Histopathological examination of the mass showed a large number of eosinophils infiltrated within the dermis and superficial hypodermis, which was diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma. Clinical Relevance: This benign tumor is relatively common in horse which is caused mostly due to hypersensitivity reaction to some unknown allergens and chemicals and most of the times are idiopathic. The size of the tumor in this case was much larger than what is reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Arabian horse, Eosinophilic Granuloma, Histopathology