فصلنامه دامپزشکی ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 57 (زمستان 1396)

Equine theileriosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases among the equids that poses a serious threat to the horse industry. Proper diagnosis of parasites in carriers is important for prevention and effective control measures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the probable presence of Theileria equi infection in dogs from Ahvaz city. A total of 100 blood samples from dogs were examined for the presence of T. equi infection using molecular methods. After DNA extraction from the dog's whole blood, for tracking DNA of T. equi polymerase chain reaction was performed and the results were observed in agarose gel. Out of 100 samples, the PCR method detected T. equi infection in two dogs. In other words, two percent of dogs were probably carriers for T. equi. In conclusion, the present study revealed that dogs from Ahvaz city are infected with T. equi. So these animals can be probably considered as the carriers of T. equi. Therefore, we should pay attention to dog's with T. equi infection in equine theileriosis control programs.

Increase shelf life, food safety and human health improvement by using the natural microflora are the dominant issues in public health. In this research, the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) isolate with intestinal origin was studied on growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus and then, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene expression was evaluated in a laboratory media. Therefore, this strain (1*107 cfu / ml) and Staphylococcus aureus (1*105 cfu / ml) were inoculated in TSB and incubated in two temperatures at 25 and 35°C, at the time of zero, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the mixed cultures were counted in specific media. Staphylococcus aureus without lactobacillus was incubated as control and then enterotoxin production evaluated by using ELISA kit and the gene expression of the SEA of S. aureus in mixed and control cultures was also evaluated by RT Real Time PCR technique. The lactobacillus isolates decreased Staphylococcus aureus growth compared to control samples 3 log at 25°C and 2 log at 35°C. The enterotoxin production of A, C and E at 25° and enterotoxin type E and A at 35°C was inhibited by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Comparison of gene expression SEA between treated and control cultures showed the gene expression of the SEA was significantly suppressed 6.82 fold in S. aureus co cultured with studied lactobacillus isolate at 25°C while it was not significant to 35 °C (P

The G glycoprotein of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) has been identified as a plausible candidate for immunization against BEF disease. In recent years, this protein has been investigated to produce a recombinant vaccine. The aim of the present study was to construct a eukaryotic plasmid, expressing G1 epitope of BEFV G glycoprotein gene, for application as a possible DNA vaccine in future studies. For this purpose, the G1 epitope of G glycoprotein gene was cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector, pEGFP-N1, under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Then, the recombinant pEGFPN1-G1 construct was transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell line and the expression efficiency was verified by indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) staining and immunoblotting techniques. Observation of intracytoplasmic fluorescence in transfected cells and appearance of a distinct band at an approximate molecular weight of 26 kDa in immunoblotting in reaction to an anti-G1 mouse serum, indicated that G1 protein was successfully expressed by this recombinant construct in the host cells.

Streptococcosis / Lactococcosis is important diseases for the aquaculture industry special in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis). The aim of this study was to compare the effective of Streptococcosis divalent foreign and Iranian vaccines (Lactococus garvie and Streptococcus iniae) in the immune responses contains, complement activation, serum lysozyme rate, bactericidal and respiratory burst (NBT) and some hematological indices contains, RBC and WBC count and hematocrit and as well as the growth performance contains, initial weight, final weight, body weight gain percent, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency rate, body weight gain percent and condition factor in rainbow trout. In this study, 630 rainbow trout fish weighing about 26 ± 3g were divided to three treatments contains, foreign vaccine, iranian vaccines and control group. During the experimental period and on days 0, 14, 30, 45 and 60 after vaccination samples were taken. The results of this study showed an increase in measured indices of blood and immune responses From 14 to 60 days of experiment in vaccinated trout fish compared to the control group that the amount of foreign vaccine group increased than two other groups. Also the results of this study showed that Iranian vaccine had a better effect on growth performance of rainbow trout Compared to foreign vaccine and control groups. According to the results of this study, vaccination by foreign and Iranian vaccine could have a positive effect on fish health indicators.

Background and Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It can infect various cells of human and approximately all animals. The current study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep from rural areas of Tabriz by Western blot and Dot blot assays in which T. gondii soluble antigen was reacted with antibodies raised in serum samples of sheep.
From October 2012 to April 2013, a total of 186 blood samples were collected from sheep (93 ewes and 93 rams) rural areas of Tabriz. Initially, the sera were separated and evaluated to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by Dot blot assay. Then, positive serum samples were evaluated by Western blot assay in order to final confirmation of infection and observation of 30 KDa specific bands.
Based on Dot blot assay, the seroprevalence rate in the sheep from rural areas of Tabriz was 9.14%. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was higher in ewes (11.83%) than that of rams (6.45%). However, this difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The patterns of Western blot assay on all positive sera were manifested as distinct 30 KDa bands.
In this study, no distinct difference was observed on the antigen/protein bands pertaining to infected samples and the proteins with 30 KDa molecular weight and those being smaller than 10 KDa were identified as the immunogenic proteins of T. gondii tachyzoites strain RH.

Ascites is a metabolic disease that causes the economic losses in broiler industry. This study was performed to investigate the effect of threonine and tryptophan on performance, meat quality and quantity, mortality, some enzymes, thyroid hormones, some blood indices and heart parameters of broiler chickens. Three hundred one-day-old female chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments of control (without amino acids) and 140% tryptophan, 130% threonine and combination of both amino acids. Each treatment included the five replicates and 15 birds per each replicate. consumption of tryptophan and threonine caused the improvement of performance, carcass weight and breast meat (P0.05). CONLUSIONS: taken together, tryptophan and threonine decreases the feed consumption and feed conversion ratio and consequently decrease the ascites mortality in broiler chickens.

Total and regional length of spinal cord and vertebral column were studied in 36 goat fetuses, collected from the Ahvaz slaughterhouse. These specimens were assigned into 3 groups, group1 (CRL,10-20 cm), group2 (20-30 cm) and group3 (30-40 cm). Each group consisted of 12 fetuses (6 male and 6 female). Observations in all 3 groups revealed that in the spinal cord the longest region was belong to the thoracic region, followed by cervical, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal, while in vertebral column the length of sacral region was shorter than that of coccygeal. Statistically, there were no significant differences in either spinal cord and vertebral column regions according to the sex of fetuses, while there were significant differences (P

The hormones of pituitary-thyroid axis play an important role in the maintaining of the normal physiological status of the body in vertebrates. Therefore, disturbance in the function of this axis can affect other parts of the body. In the present study, 50 male and female Liza abu (45.51 ± 8.2g body weight and 16.25 ± 0.88cm body length) were collected from 5 stations in the Musa creek including: 1) Petrochemical 2) Ghanam 3) Zangi 4) Doragh and 5) Patil stations. 10 L. abu were also caught at Sajafi station (located in the Musa creek) as a control site. Bleeding was carried out and the blood plasma was separated. Then, the plasma levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraidothyronin (T4)) were measured using ELISA method. Tissue samples were also taken from thyroid and were fixed in the 15% formalin and prepared according routine histological process. The less and highest amounts of T3 and T4 hormones respectively were measured in the fish plasma from Patil station. The most histopathological changes (such as hemorrhage) were observed in the fish from Petrochemical station. The results of this study indicated the adverse effects of environmental pollution on the balance of thyroid hormones.

Colibacilosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in poultry industry. Antibiotics are the most important tool in dealing with the treatment and control of the disease. Checking the sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antimicrobial compounds, before choosing an antibiotic drug in the region is essential. In this study, phenotypic resistance profile of 44 isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chickens of Urmia city suspected to colisepticemia to Sulfadiazine evaluated by disk diffusion method. Genotypic resistance profile was also assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of Sul1 gene. Results showed that 20 (45.5%) Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to sulfadiazine and Sul1 gene was detected in 25 (56.8%) isolates. Five isolates that had the Sul1 gene showed no antibiotic resistance in antibiogram test. The results showed that the resistance rate of isolates to sulfonamides was high and sul1 gene had a major role in sulfadiazine resistance of these isolates.

Pharmacokinetics drug interactions are one of the most important drug interactions in clinical pharmacology science which can consequently affect the pharmacological activities of drugs. The aim of this research study was to investigate the effect of phenylbutazone on various pharmacokinetics parameters of thiopental in drug interactions in female dogs. On this basis, eight female dogs were randomly divided into two groups (control and test groups). The Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured and were found to be at normal range. Normal saline of 0.9% (0.1 ml/kg) and thiopental sodium of 5% (0.34 ml/kg) were intravenously administered to animals in the control group. Equivalent dose of thiopental sodium was also administered following the injection of phenylbutazone 20% via the same route. Serum was separated by centrifugation and thiopental concentration was measured using HPLC method. Pharmacokinetics factors including rate of elimination, half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance were calculated using non-compartmental analysis of the concentration-time curves. The results of this study showed that in comparison with the control group, half-life, distribution volume of thiopental were significantly increased in the test group (P

In order to compare performance in three commercial broiler strains, 36ooo day-old broiler chicks Hubbard f15, Cobb-500 and Ross308, were divided into 3 equal groups with 2 replicates and 6000 birds per replicate. The birds were reared under similar conditions from 1 day-old to 49 days of age. The performances of birds including weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), livability and flocks production index were measured. Results showed that there was significant differences in weekly weight gain among hybrids (p

Glanders is a contagious infection of odd-toe ungulates that is occurs in three forms of skin, nasal and pulmonary. It is caused by bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Horses generally affected to chronic form, whereas often takes as acute and pernicious in donkey and mule. In June 2015, a 5- year- old male mule was referred to veterinary services with complains of inappetence, skin lesion and nasal purulent discharges, in Ilam province. Subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous ulcers, bilateral nasal mucosal ulcers with discharge and snoring were noted during examination. Initially, for suspecting to glanders disease, mallein test was done but its result was negative. Then, nasal and skinny unopened nodule swabs with serum sample were evaluated with microbiology, Complement Fixation Test and Elisa for differentiating of glanders from strangle and ulcerative lymphangitis diseases. Bacterium Burkholderia mallei was not isolated from cultured swabs, but Streptococcus equi isolated. The results of serum Complement Fixation Test and Elisa were also positive for glanders. In conclusion rely on negative mallein test, that is common in clinical cases and negative culture of Burkholderia mallei due to time consuming submit process of bacteriological sample to few individual glanders laboratories may be misleading for glanders diagnosis, but in present case, simultaneous diagnosis of strangle and glanders diseases was made base on combination of clinical signs, positive serum complement fixation test and indirect Elisa for glanders associated with separating of Streptococcus equi bacterium.