فهرست مطالب

Archives of Razi Institute
Volume:60 Issue: 1, Winter 2005

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1384/02/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • T. Mokhtari – Azad_M. Naseri_P. Yavari_M.M. Gooya_A. Esteghamati_R. Hamkar Page 1
    Antibody detection is the most versatile and commonly used method for measles diagnosis. Detection of specific IgM antibodies in a single serum specimen collected within the appropriate time after rash onset can provide a good presumptive diagnosis of current or recent measles infection and is the test of choice for rapid diagnosis of measles cases. So, optimal timing for collection of a single serum specimen to diagnose measles by IgM capture Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was evaluated. 399-paired sera were tested for measles IgM antibody. 149-paired sera were measles IgM negative. Two hundred fifty paired sera had at least one IgM positive. 223-paired sera were positive in both first and second samples. 19-paired sample were negative in first and positive in second sample and 8-paired sera were positive in the first and negative in the second samples. 85% and 100% of first specimens within 7 and 7-21 and 94% of all second samples were IgM positive at 28th days after rash onset, respectively. Analysis of data indicates that a single serum specimen collected between 7 to 27 days after rash onset can be used to diagnose most cases of measles with an IgM capture EIA.
  • S.R. Fereidouni, M.H. Bozorghmehrifard, E. Starick, O. Werner, H. Amini, H. Modirrousta, M. Aghakhan Page 11
    Although migratory waterfowl is well known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza virus (AIV), there are only few recently published reports about the seroprevalence of AIV in this group of birds. To investigate the AIV antibody status in migratory waterfowl of Iran, we collected 217 serum samples from 25 different species of waterfowl during 2003 and 2004. These serum samples were tested by a competitive ELISA. 77 samples from 14 different species were positive (35.5%). Interestingly, the seroprevalence of antibodies against type A influenza viruses was significantly higher in Anseriformes (64%) than in Non-Anseriformes (12%) and in total birds (35.5%). Our results show furthermore that mallards which winter in Iran in large numbers and show 87.5% positive reactions might play an important role in the epidemiology of influenza virus in this region.
  • G. Moazeni Jula, A.R. Jabbari Page 21
    Protection of animals immunized against Bacillus anthracis is usually demonstrated by challenging with an appropriate dose of a strain of Bacillus anthracis that is lethal to unvaccinated animals inoculated at the same time. In this study the protective efficacy in anthrax vaccine (34F2 sterne strain spore) was evaluated in sheep, goats and guinea pigs challenged with subcutaneous inoculation of a highly virulent Bacillus anthracis spores recently isolated from soil in Iran. This strain has been shown that it is lethal for sheep, goats and guinea pigs in very low dose. It was found that the vaccine provides highly protection (100 %) after challenging the immunized animals against this strain in sheep, goats and guinea pigs. So, indicates the superior protective efficacy of the vaccine. The authors recommend that this strain can be used instead of other strain which has been used previously for challenging the immunized animals, and also guinea pig is a good substitution for evaluating anthrax vaccine.
  • N. Amirmozafari, H. Forohesh, A. Halakoo Page 33
    This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of potentially pathogenic species of vibrio in sea water and estuarine environments of the Caspian Sea in the Golestan province of Iran. A total of 127 water samples from coastal waters as well as from river and estuaries were collected and analyzed by culture, during April and September 2001. Following prompt centrifugation, the resuspended sediments were initially enriched in alkaline peptone water and subsequently plated onto selective media including thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose. Presumptive vibrio colonies were isolated and identified to species level using a gallery of biochemical and differential tests. In this study, Vibrio vulnificus was the predominant species isolated from sea waters (41%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (33%), Vibrio alginolyticus (15%), Vibrio fischeri (5%), Vibrio natriegens (4%), Vibrio damsela (0.7%), and Vibrio harveyi (0.7%). Non-01 Vibrio cholerae was the most abundant vibrio species recovered from fresh surface waters (80% of the total isolates). Five Vibrio Cholerae 01 species isolated, all belonging to Ogawa serogroups, were also recovered from the estuaries. The results of this study demonstrated the presence of pathogenic vibrio species in Caspian sea and coastal waters. The potential sanitary risk associated with the presence of these bacteria in the aquatic environment emphasizes the necessity of long-term monitoring programs.
  • S.J. Hashemi, A.A. Salami, S.M. Hashemi Page 45
    One of the problems of public health in Iran is mycotic inflection which its incidence is not known. The most important disease of them is dermatophytosis. In this regard, determination of various species of etiologic agent, infection source, the risk of contact to animals, and public training are necessary to perform epidemiologic studies. In this research 750 suspected samples (including 560 male and 190 female) were studied, in which 157 cases (21%) suffering from dermatophytosis and out of them, 100 cases were positive culture. Out of isolated dermatophytps 69% were anthropophilic 30% zoophilic and 1% were geophilic. Zoophilic agents include T. verrucosum 11% (11 cases), M. canis 10% (10 cases) and T. mentagrophytes 9% (9 cases). The most impairments were observed in 0 – 9 years of age groups and the agent was M. canis appearing tinea capitis. The most prevalent ringworm agent was E. floccosum which was seen in groin. The most prevalent tinea unguinm was in 0- 9 years and 10 – 19 years of age and its agent was T. mentagrophytes. The most prevalent tinea manuum was in 20 – 29 of age and its agent was T. rubrum.
  • R. Mazhaheri Nejad Fard, G. Behzadian Nezhad, T. Zahraei Salehi, N. Atash Parvar Page 55
    Today, it is nearly 25 years past from investigation of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) which is able to produce Shiga toxins and cause different gastroenteritis. Since incidence of gastroenteritis due to STEC is increasing, it''s necessary to develop rapid, specific and accurate procedures like PCR. In this study, we used PCR method to detect and identify STEC in cultures of 55 Escherichia coli positive feces from cattle. The assay utilized three specific primer pairs to detect ehxA, stx1, and stx2 (including variants of Stx2) genes producing 321, 348, and 584 base pairs, respectively. Finally, about 21.8% of Escherichia coli isolates were positive for ehxA, stx1, and/or stx2 genes. According to other research, the prevalence of stx2 genes was higher than stx1 genes but not about ehxA genes.
  • A. Sotoodehnia, G. Moazeni Jula, R. Madani, F. Olchinfar, A. Naserirad Page 67
  • M.R. Gholami, M.H. Hablolvarid, A. Ezzi Page 77
    Myocardial necrosis can be result from a number of causes including nutritional deficiencies, chemical and plant toxins, ischemia and metabolic disorder. The outcome of myocardial necrosis varies depending on the extent of the damage (Donald 2001, Jubb 1993, Radostits 1994, Vanvaleet 1986). Myocardial infarction without demonstrable of atherosclerosis were reported in a rhesus macaque (Gonder 1982) and in a Kenya Baboon (Groover 1963).