نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 29 (پاییز 1392)

Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is a combination of Beck''s cognitive therapy and Kabat Zinn’s mindfulness based stress reduction program and behavioral activation provokes depressed clients searching for positive reinforcement. The aim of the current study is to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and treatment of activating behavior for depression in depression rate and quality of life in depressed students. Therefore، in a quasi-experimental 50 students of Azad University of Malayer who earned the minimum score of 20 on the exam depression test were selected. From this number، 34 people based on a structured clinical interview and in compliance with the principle of equivalency were divided into two groups of experiment randomly، to undergo mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group therapy of behavioral activation. Both groups underwent therapeutic protocols for 8 sessions. The control group did not undergo any intervention. Both groups were assessed on depression and quality of life both before and after the grouping. Analysis of mixed variances of the data indicated that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and behavioral activation for depression improved the median of depression scores and quality of life of subjects. It seems that west therapeutic techniques are more useful when bonded with the eastern rites.

Depression is a combination of feelings of sadness، loneliness، irritability، worthlessness، hopelessness and guilt accompanied with an array of physical symptoms. Researchers repeatedly have supported the association between depression and rumination. The aim of the current study was to determine the contribution of intellectual rumination، physical deformation and obsession compulsion in predicting depressive symptoms in students. Therefore، in a descriptive study based on correlation، 380 students of university of Tehran were selected using a simple multi-stage random sampling and were tested in terms of depression، obsession-compulsion، body deformation and intellectual rumination. The result of regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between the intellectual rumination، physical deformity and obsession-compulsion. Thus، intellectual rumination، obsessive rumination، body satisfaction and doubt are the best predictor of depression.

Marriage and marital relations، sources of support، enjoyment of human intimacy and pleasure and marital satisfaction is a product of cognitive styles of couples and their cognitive biases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of health behavior interventions based on rational – emotional behavioral therapy in raising intimacy and marital satisfaction. Therefore، a quasi-experimental pre-test - post-test with the control group of 30 married women were chosen with available sample method. They were placed into two groups of experiment and control، randomly. Subjects were evaluated both before and after the treatment، in terms of intimacy and marital satisfaction. Then the experimental group underwent 8 sessions intervention based on rational– emotional behavioral therapy. Analysis of covariance indicated that the effectiveness of health behavior interventions based on rational– emotional behavioral therapy (REBT) is significant in raising intimacy and marital satisfaction. It seems that intimacy and marital satisfaction are the result of Spouse’s skills in making relationship، logical way of solving problems and conflicts، expectations and rational beliefs. In marital interventions، we can use rational– emotional behavioral therapy approach for creating these skills.

Motherhood process can be accompanied by tensions and worries due to physical and mental changes. One of these changes is the incidence of postnatal depression in mothers. Premature birth (Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) can also increase the risk of postnatal depression. The aim of the current study was the Prediction of postnatal depression based on mother to infant attachment، maternal attachment styles and marital satisfaction in mothers of premature infants and normal infants. For this purpose، 100 mothers of premature infants and 100 mothers of normal infants who referred to the gynecology ward or infant intensive care hospital in Tehran''s Milad & Shahid Akbar Abady hospital were selected from available samples and were tested regarding postnatal depression، attachment and marital satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis of the data indicates that both groups of marital satisfaction and anxious ambivalent attachment style can predict the postnatal depression. Results indicated that the slope of the regression line in both groups had significant difference with each other، in terms of marital satisfaction variable.

Sexual problems in women are highly prevalent and it is continuously related to individual’s stress and destruction of quality of life. In assessment of women’s sexual problem and determining its nature، assessment of sexual drives، study of growth، sexual development and in amidst information، sexual self efficacy as an intervening variable plays a decisive role. Regarding the importance of recognizing the assessment of this subject، the aim of the current study was to build and study the properties of psychometric of the sexual self efficacy questionnaire in women. Therefore، in a survey study of cross – sectional، 594 women with the age range of 20-40 entered the study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were tested with sexual self-efficacy -researcher constructed questionnaire. Factor analysis using principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated two factors in this questionnaire. Psychometric evaluation of this study confirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Our results indicated that sexual self-efficacy questionnaire; in the Iranian society has good psychometric roperties and can be used in diagnostic and interventional procedures. Keywords: sexual self efficacy، validity، reliability.

Coping skills is an important component of health and it is how a human reacts when faced with problems of life. That is why it is linked to the flexibility of action and health. The aim of the current research is to study the effectiveness of coping strategies training on the flexibility of action and health of female pupils. Therefore، during a semi-experimental study using a pretest – post-test along with the control group، 42 female students in Abadan city were selected using multi-stage random sampling. They were tested regarding flexibility of action and health. Then، training the coping strategies was presented to the experiment group in 8 sessions for duration of 90 minutes. Again both groups were assessed regarding flexibility of action and health. The results of covariance analysis indicated that learning coping strategies effected flexibility of action and health of pupils and induced improvement on it. The result of the follow-up test in both the experiment and control groups indicated the persistence of these effects. Thus، it can be said that training the coping strategies can teach the ability to cope with pressure، tolerance of threat، internal and external pressure and techniques to keep calm in threatening situations and increase the threshold of tolerance when faced with threats and pressures.

Anger is a reaction which excites due to the failures of various situations which are either real or imaginary، mental damages، humiliation or injustice. It may lead to involuntary responses such as increased blood pressure، heart rate، sweating، and increased blood sugar. Anger and impulsivity can be the initiator of many disorders and damages. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive - behavioral therapy on anger experience، expressing anger، anger control and loneliness. For this purpose، in a quasi-experimental design، a pre-test and post-test type along with the control group 20 Students was selected from available samples. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 10) and control groups (n = 10). Subjects were analyzed in terms of anger and loneliness both before and after the completion of intervention. The experimental Group underwent eight sessions of cognitive - behavioral therapy. The control group did not undergo any intervention. Analysis of covariance of subject’s scores indicated that cognitive - behavioral therapy is effective on subject’s score in anger and loneliness. It seems that that cognitive behavior therapy can reduce anger and loneliness among students. Anger management training can serve as an efficient program for reducing anger and loneliness.

Early maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep themes، pervasive and inefficient which are formed in childhood or adolescence. They continue in adulthood and they act on the deepest level of cognition in which usually a person is not aware of. The Schemas make people who are prone to depression، anxiety، and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships and psycho-somatic get hurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in predicting depression. For this purpose in a descriptive study، correlation type، 384 patients (201 women، 172 men، 11 unknown) were selected based on the available samples from Zanjan and Lorestan University. They were tested regarding the early maladaptive schemas، personality traits and depression. Analysis of the regression indicated that maladaptive schemas are positively correlated with neuroticism factor and they are negatively correlated with four factors of extraversion، openness to experience، agreement and dutifulness. Selective maladaptive schemas were able to explain 27% of the depression variance. Given the current findings it can be said that neurotics is an important factor in formation of the maladaptive schemas.