نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 32 (تابستان 1393)

There is a convincing evidence that suggests high rates of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison and evaluation of different styles of emotional expression، with respect to its various subsets can clarify the characteristic of the two disorders and indicate the similarities and differences between them. The aim of this study was to compare the styles of emotional expression (expressiveness، control and ambivalence in emotional expression) in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder، obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal subjects. To this end، in a post-event study of 43 patients with obsessive personality disorder، 41 patients with obsessive disorder and30 normal patients were selected in a screening method. They were tested in terms of obsessive compulsive disorder، obsessive compulsive personality disorder and emotional expressiveness، emotional control، ambivalence in emotional expression. ANOVA results indicated a significant difference in the control group and the ambivalence expressed emotion. It seems not only emotional expressiveness cannot be an indicator of differentiation for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder but it is even not a good indicator to distinguish between a normal groups of patients. However، emotional control and the intensity of ambivalence in emotional expression may be an indicator of differentiation for the two disorders.

Generalized anxiety disorder has been associated with several disorders، it accompanies serious problems and deficiencies in the working lives of those afflicted with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with low frequency in reducing symptoms of depression comorbid in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). For this purpose، in a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test، 14 patients with generalized anxiety disorder using convenience sampling were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects were assessed for depression and generalized anxiety disorder، both before and after the treatment. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of rTMS، on the right side of the Posterolateral pre-frontal region، in duration of 40 minutes with frequency of 1 Hertz. The control group received the same number of sessions except that the coil in the group was placed in an angle of 90 degrees، which prevented the waves from reaching to the subject’s skull. Mann-Whitney U analysis indicated that the rate of comorbid depression in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant change. It appears that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation therapy in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder can significantly decrease comorbid depressive symptoms.

Psychological well-being is trying to flourish the capabilities of human beings. So far، many tools have been provided for assessment and evaluation of psychological wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short form (18 items) of Psychological well-being scale. To this end، in a descriptive study، correlational type، 976 patients (647 females and 329 males) were selected from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences and were tested on short versions of Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being، optimistic psychotherapy Inventory، depression scale، anxiety and stress. The result of Single-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the total sample and in both sexes، the six-factor model of the scale (Self-acceptance، environmental mastery، positive relationships with others، having a purpose in life، Personal growth and independence) has a good fit. The scale''s internal homology using Cronbach''s alpha in 6 factors of Self-acceptance، environmental mastery، positive relationships with others، having a purpose in life، Personal growth and independence، were respectively، 0. 52، 0. 76، 0. 75، 0. 52، 0. 73، 0. 72 and for the total scale it was 0. 71. Overall، the results suggest that the short form (18-item) of Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being was a useful tool to measure psychological well-being among Iranian sample of girls and boys.

The relationship between borderline personality disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders، particularly bipolar has been subjects of interest to many researchers in recent years. The aim of this study was to better understand the dynamics and structural character of mental conditions and to compare the components of borderline personality disorder among people with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder type II. For this purpose، in a comparative study، 20 patients with borderline personality disorder and 19 patients with bipolar disorder، type II، who were selected in available samples and got admitted to the psychiatric ward. They were tested in terms of identity disorder، primitive defense mechanisms، reality testing، harmed and fear of intimacy. Results comparing the mean scores of the two groups indicated that no significant difference exists between mean scores of the two groups in borderline personality disorder. The results obtained from the hypothesis supports that borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder type II may have similar type of personality structure and psycho-dynamic characteristics. The results of research does not support Borderline personality disorder attachment and bipolar spectrum disorders on a continuum، implicitly.

Mood disorders are the most common psychological disorders that occur during pregnancy and after. Patients with post-natal depression، experience many challenges in terms of the emotional support from their spouses and children. This condition can be considered as a threat factor for deteriorating psychological health. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in postpartum depression and increase self-esteem and marital satisfaction of pregnant mothers. For this purpose، in a quasi-experimental study with a control group، 135 depressed pregnant women، of the hospital''s maternity ward of Baghiato-Allah and Najmieh Tehran were assigned into two groups of intervention and control، randomly. The Intervention group received 8 sessions of 40 to 60-minute of psychological training program. The groups were tested in terms of depression، self-esteem and marital satisfaction both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that depression in the intervention group has decreased. It appears that with regard to the impact of psychological interventions in reducing postpartum depression، it is better to enter this kind of intervention in the treatment of patients with postpartum depression.

Pathological strain which causes post-traumatic stress disorder is much too fragile. This pressure can be derived from the experiences of war، torture، natural disasters، assault، rape and serious injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of anger control training in increasing social adjustment and improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In an experimental study of the post-test and pre-test with the control group، 40 combat veterans with PTSD in Ardabil were selected from available samples، they were assigned to two groups of experiment and control، randomly. Subjects were tested in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder and adjustment rate، at the beginning and end of the study. The experimental group received anger control training in seven sessions with duration of 90 minutes. The control group did not undergo any intervention. (MANOVA) Multivariate variance analysis indicated that anger control training، in addition to reducing PTSD symptoms، was also effective in increasing social adjustment and improving symptoms of individuals with PTSD disorder. It seems that the inability to manage anger is effective in increasing adjustability and reducing symptoms of aggression. This method produces beneficial result in psychological interventions of sufferers

Interference or influence of the main families that are often supplied in hidden various coatings can be one of the great monuments of marital conflict from the beginning to the end of the marriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects on the health of the main family، through the mediating role of constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution styles on marital intimacy. For this purpose، in a descriptive study of correlation design type، 240 married women teachers of mamasani city were selected in a cluster method، randomly. They were tested on the main family status، marital intimacy، and conflict resolution styles. The main findings indicated that family health has directly significant relation with marital intimacy. Main family indirectly has a significant relationship through the mediating role of constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution style with marital intimacy. It seems that the health of the main family in addition to the direct effect which has on marital intimacy، can also effect marital intimacy through constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution style.

Any failure، neglect، or committing any act that would endanger the child''s physical and mental health and inflict damage on it، is considered as a child abuse. Abuse and neglect are accompanied with a range of emotional and psychiatric problems. It seems that the experience of maltreatment types during childhood can be effective on the amount of forgiveness in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between types of childhood abuse and their amount of forgiveness in adulthood. For this purpose، 337 cases were selected from available samples and they were examined in terms of child abuse and amount of forgiveness. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that the highest rate of abuse being reported was emotional abuse، and the least was physical abuse. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between the types of abuse experienced in childhood along with forgiveness. Research results indicated that sexual abuse، physical abuse، emotional abuse and neglect are able to predict the amount of the forgiveness in adulthood. There was a significant difference between abuse in men and women، but there was no significant difference in the amount of forgiveness. This study indicated that the experience of childhood abuse types can have major impact on adulthood''s forgiveness