نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 43 (بهار 1396)

Problem solving skill is one of the most important thought processes that help people deal effectively in the face of concerns and issues. The aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of structural relations between social problem solving, perception of the quality of social relationships, and emotional well-being among the male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah. Therefore, in a descriptive study, 200 students (100 men and 100 women) were selected and evaluated for emotional well-being, social problem solving skills, and perceived social support. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis using structural equation showed that there is direct and positive relationship between the pattern of problem-solving strategies and perception of the quality of social relationships and emotional well-being; direct and negative relationship between non- adaptive problem-solving strategies and perception of the quality of social relationships and emotional well-being; direct and positive relationship between perception of the quality of social relationships and emotional well-being; and within the pattern of structural relations, there are equivalent relationships between social problem solving problem solving skills, perception of social relations quality, and emotional well being among male and female subjects. The result revealed that the adaptive problem solving strategies pattern has a direct positive effect on social relations quality and emotional well being.

Intrusive thoughts and repetitive actions are the characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder that creates numerous problems for patients affected by this illness. The object of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of structural family therapy in reducing symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to do so, in a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group design, 24 volunteer patients diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder who referred to treatment centers of Sannandaj city along with their families were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group received eight sessions of structural family therapy; whereas, subjects in the control group received no psychological intervention. Subjects in both groups were evaluated for the level of obsessive- compulsive symptoms before and after the intervention. The data analyzes using MANCOVA demonstrated that Structural Family Therapy is significant in terms of reducing contamination obsessions (CONO), washing compulsions (WASC), ordering compulsions (ORDC), checking compulsions (CHKC), obsessional thoughts about harm to self/others (OTAHSO), obsessional thoughts about violence (OTAV), and obsessional impulses to harm self/others (OITHSO) (p≤0/05). According to this study, the role and influence of family in creation and aggregation of mental disorders especially obsessive-compulsive disorder is confirmed.

Depression is a common and growing disorder and various factors has been proposed in the etiology of it, one of which is personality traits. The aim of the present study is to determine mediating role of cognitive emotional regulation in relationship between dimensions of temperament and character and depression. For this purpose, through a descriptive-correlational study, 205 students were selected via voluntary sampling method and evaluated in terms of dimensions of temperament and character, depression level, and employing cognitive emotional regulation strategies. The correlation results indicated a significant positive relationship between temperament and character dimensions and cognitive emotional regulation with depression. Also, path analysis showed that dimensions of temperament and character impact depression indirectly through cognitive emotional regulation. Thus, based on current research findings, it can be concluded that emotional regulation strategies have a mediating role in relationship between temperament and character dimensions and depression. Personality dimensions impact depression through certain mechanisms. Considering these dimensions and the effectiveness of the employed mechanisms can be useful in developing efficacious preventive and therapeutic interventions for depression.

Sexual activity is an important component of quality of life, and particularly, sexual functioning is related to psychological distress. Often, core beliefs related to sexual relationships play an important role in emotional patterns and behaviors even among educated and aware women. Feelings of guilt and shame are among the factors that contribute in maintaining of sexual dysfunction. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between self-conscious emotions (e.g. guilt, shame, and embarrassment) and sexual dysfunction. Hence, in a descriptive research, 186 married female students from Ahvaz’s universities were selected through convenience sampling method and evaluated for sexual dysfunction and self-conscious emotions. Data analysis using correlation coefficient and regression analysis presented that in level of p≤0/01 there is meaningful and positive relationship between feelings of shame and sexual dysfunction; and meaningful and negative relationship between feeling of guilt and sexual dysfunction. Additionally, the obtained results from regression analysis using simultaneous stepwise method showed that predictor variables can explain 0/18 of sexual dysfunction, which is significant in the confidence level of p≤0/001. Considering the result of the study, it can be concluded that sexual dysfunction is related to feelings of guilt and shame. The findings support the need to focus on relational and psychological factors in women’s experience of sex and sexual relationship.

Because of the detrimental consequences, marital violence should be attended and prevented through social, educational, and legal policies. Research has addressed disaffection as a factor for distress and turmoil in marital relationships. The aim of this study is to determine the mediation role of anger rumination and self-criticism rumination in the relationship between disaffection and marital violence. Therefore, in a descriptive correlational study, 250 residences in Tehran were selected through a multistage randomized sampling method and tested for conflict resolution tactics, marital disaffection, anger rumination, and self-criticism rumination. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling which displayed that disaffection with mediation of anger rumination can predict marital violence (Z= 2.037, β= 0.2626). However, disaffection with mediation of self-criticism rumination doesn’t predict marital violence (Z= 2.037, β= -0.0664). Results of the presented study signify that anger rumination motivates people to engage in violent behavior to regulate negative feelings resulted from disaffection.

The main characteristics of borderline personality disorder are extremely instable and widespread emotions, distorted self-image and interpersonal relationships, as well as remarkable irritability. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between cognitive emotional regulation strategies and defense mechanisms with the symptoms of borderline personality disorder among non-clinical population. In order to conduct this study, 396 students were selected through convenience sampling method and evaluated in terms of cognitive emotional regulation strategies, borderline disorder symptoms, and use of defense mechanisms. Stepwise regression analysis of obtained data revealed that subjects struggling with borderline personality disorder do not use mature defense mechanisms. Additionally, cognitive emotional regulation score is able to predict the extent of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder. Also, catastrophizing from the unadaptable strategies; defense mechanism of reaction formation with component of stress related dissociative and paranoid symptoms from the neurotic defensive mechanisms; defensive mechanism of transition to action, fantasy, and passive aggression from the immature defense mechanisms are related to borderline disorder. The results of the findings show that lack of cognitive emotional dysregulation and maladaptive defensive mechanisms appear to be the core of borderline personality disorder.

Infertility affects various aspects of individuals’ life, and perhaps could be considered as one of the most common and stressful events in people's lives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on marital compatibility among infertile women who referred to health and medical centers at Mashhad Medical Sciences University. In order to do so, through a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 infertile women were selected by availability sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n=15). Subjects in both groups were tested for marital compatibility prior and following the implementation of the research. The experimental group received ten sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy; whereas the control group received no interventions. The result of multi-variable covariance analysis presented that Acceptance and Commitment therapy is effective on marital compatibility among infertile women (0/05>P). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment therapy improves marital compatibility in infertile women.

All children, usually, are affected by different illnesses during the period of infancy and childhood; however, some sicknesses such as cancer impose conditions that afflict the daily lives of children and their families. Since resiliency is the ability to be proactive and effective instead of being reactive and passive in response to stressful situations, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on resilience in mothers with children afflicted by cancer. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and control group design, 20 volunteer mothers of children with cancer, hospitalized in Haematology/Oncology ward, were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 10). The subjects in the experimental group received ten sessions of individual reality therapy. The control group received no intervention. Subjects in both groups were evaluated for resiliency before and after the intervention. The analysis of data using analysis of covariance showed that the impact of reality therapy on resilience in mothers was meaningful and significant. It seems that teaching reality therapy is effective on resilience in mothers of children diagnosed with cancer.