International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2012

Stromal cells having preadipocyte characteristics can be isolated from adipose tissue, propagated in vitro and induced to differentiate in vitro toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic lineages when treated with established lineage-specific factors. In this research we isolated stromal cells from human adipose tissue and cultured and expanded and examined their stemness by determining their surface CD markers and their ability to differentiate into adipocyte lineage. For isolating ASCs, raw lipoaspirates were washed with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 5% penicillin/streptomycin. To digest the adipose tissue, aspirates were treated with 0.075% collagenase for 1 h. To differentiate the cell to adipocyte, confluent cells were exposed to adipogenic medium containing α-MEM, FBS, dexamethasone, indomethacin, IBMX, L-glutamin, and penicillin/streptomycin. Adhered cells were cultured for 2-3 weeks with replacing the media every 3-4 days and the ADSC were isolated, cultured and expanded. To examine the differentiation potential of the isolated cell, they were differentiated in specific medium and lipid droplets were appeared within the cells within 2-3 weeks. To confirm the lipid droplet, Oil red O lipid staining was used. In conclusion, it could be taken to serious consideration that, besides, other sourses of mesenchymal stem cell, adipose derived are one the best and promising source being easily accessible and available by noninvasive method, as well as potential of being used in autologous cell transplantation in wide variety of disorders from nerve to cardiac injury from one side and musculoskeletal problem from other side.

Hot flash affects approximately 75% of women with breast cancer. Those who experience hot flashes have higher rates of sleep disorders, temper and lower quality of life than women with no hot flashes. The persent study was aimed to compare the effect of megestrol acetate with gabapentin on the severity of hot flashes in patients with breast cancer In a randomized controlled clinical-trial study 120 patient with breast cancer who had moderate and severe hot flashes were randomly assiged into two groups; 40 mg megestrol acetate twice daily and 300mg gabapentin oncedaily for a period of 8 weeks. Demographic data and the severity of hot flashes were recorded before treatment and 8 weeks after therapy. The obtained data was analysed using SPSS V15 withstatistical tests chi-square, Student T- Test and Paired T-Tes. After 8 weeks of treatment with megestrol acetat a reduction of 64.3% in hot flash frequency and 37.1% reduction in hot flash severity from base line were observed. In the gabapentin group the decrease was 44.8% and 24.6% compared before treatment respectively.(P=0.005, P=0.04)After eight weeks of treatment the number of hot flashes was 3.9±4.0 and 5.8±3.7 in the megestrol acetat and gabapentin groups respectively; the difference was statistically significant(P=0.04).In the megestrol acetat group number of hot flashes was obviously lower than their level in the gabapentin group. After eight weeks of treatment,the serverity of hot flashes was 50.4% and 62.9% in the megestrol and gabapentin groups respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005).In the megestrol group severity of hot flash was obviously lower than their levels in the gabapentin group.In the megestrol group frequency and severity of hot flashes were obviously significantly lower than their levels in the gabapentin group. Megestrol acetat is significantly more effective than the Gabapentin in treating hot flash and can be considered as an effective therapy to reduce the disorder.

In recent years of experience fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction considers as novel therapeutic approach for β-thalassemia and sickle cell in therapeutic approaches. Several pharmacologic agents such as Hydroxyurea, Azacytidine, butyrate deriviates and immunomodulator drugs like Pomalidomide and Lnalidomide could able to up-regulate HbF level with different molecular and epigenetic paterns (1-4). The epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histon modification play an important role in γ-globin gene over-expression in mature stage of erythropoiesis. Butyrate and Azacytidine consider as well-known histon deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT-1) inhibitor. These agents reversed the switching of β-globin gene to γ-globin gene with decreasing of DNA methylation in CpG islands of β-like globin genes promoter. Also, these two agents increase histon H3 and H4 acetylation at the promoter of β-globin cluster. These epigenetic changes result in the efficient up-regulation of γ-globin gene at different developmental stages of erythropoiesis (5,6). Thalidomide could able to increase H4 acetylation via activation of p38 in MAPK pathway for its HbF induction (7). Other studies show the potential role of Pomalidomide in γ-globin gene induction with increasing of acetylation of histon H3 lysines 9 and 14 (H3K9 & H3K14) at the promoters of human β-globin genes (8). Recently, we studied the invitro effects of single and combination treatments of Thalidomide and Sodium butyrate on the methylation of histon H3K27 as heterochromatin mark at the promoter of β-globin cluster. We showed that Thalidomide much effective in suppresseion of H3K27 methylation in comparison with Sodium butyrate. Besides, Thalidomide has more potential to decrease H3K27 methylation than combination treatment of Thalidomide and Sodium butyrate, regarding to the synergistic effect of combination treatment on γ-globin gene induction compared to single treatments (9-11). These data suggests that combination treatment of Thalidomide and Sodium butyrate could play critical role on γ-globin gene induction with different epigenetic models. In conclusion, we suggests further investigation on epigenetic mechanisms of γ-globin gene induction for elucidation the molecular mechanisms of gene induction.

The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing at a rate greater than any other human cancer. Although melanoma accounts for only 4 percent of all dermatologic cancers, it is responsible for 80 percent of deaths from skin cancer; only 14 percent of patients with metastatic melanoma survive for five years. The optimal therapy varies with the stage of the disease. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for early disease, while some patients who are at high risk for developing metastatic disease (particularly those with stage II and III cancers may benefit from adjuvant therapy with interferon alfa (IFNa).(1) The management of patients with disseminated disease is a difficult problem. In carefully selected patients, excision of limited distant metastases can occasionally produce durable benefit. However, most patients with stage IV disease require systemic treatment. Traditional systemic treatment approaches include cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Several novel therapeutic approaches are under study, the most promising of which target specific molecular abnormalities that have been identified in melanomas. Molecularly targeted therapy for advanced melanoma will be reviewed here.(2)

Because of the reported poor prognosis and absence of effective and specific therapeutic approaches, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors have remained as an important area of investigations for clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, pathological, histological, prognostic features, and outcome associated with this type of breast cancer in Iran. We also tried to identify main determinants of long-term survival in women suffered from TNBC tumor type. This is a historical cohort study of 546 consecutive female breast cancer patients with known status of hormonal receptors and diagnosed at the Rasoul-e-Akram University Hospital of Iran between January 2009 and June 2011. Baseline data were collected from patient records and hospital charts. Long-term outcome was determined from clinic records when available or by means of written correspondence with patient's physicians and telephone interviews directly with the patients or with family members. Follow-up data were collected by our research personnel for a mean follow-up duration 5.7 years. A total of 86 of 546 final included participants with breast cancer were identified as having TNBC (15.8%).The patients with TNBC diagnosis were significantly younger than non-TNBC group and family history of breast cancer was more prevalent in former group. Regarding histopathological feature, medullary feature was more prevalent in TNBC group, while other features were similarly revealed in both groups. With respect to tumor grading, TNBC group was graded higher than non-TNBC group that grade III of tumor was reported in 51.1% of the TNBC patients, but in 15.9% of another group. Also, the stage of tumor was significantly higher in the TNBC group. Tumor size > 50 mm was observed in 18.6% of the TNBC and 14.8% of non-TNBC groups. Metastasis to liver as well as concurrent metastasis to brain and pulmonary was more prevalent in TNBC compared with another group. The Kaplan-Meier curves based showed the survival probability at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year of follow-up in TNBC group was 92.7%, 86.2%, and 44.9%, respectively. This survival rates in non-TNBC group was 98.7%, 87/2%, and 72.5%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that TNBC diagnosis could strongly predict long-term mortality in breast cancer patients. Besides, tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes and higher tumor grade were other determinants of cancer-related long-term mortality. The present study on Iranian TNBCs population shows that TNBCs account for about 15.8% of all invasive breast cancers, and they usually have a high histological stating and metastasis susceptibility.

Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) causes antitumor effects by various mechanisms, including degradation of PML-RARA in the acute promyelocytic cells, growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms of these processes remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide on cell growth, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in PML/RARA negative acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. The cytotoxic effect of As2O3 was assessed by MTT assay, Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis using annexin V–FITC/PI and cell cycle distribution was evaluated by propidium iodide staining. MTT assay showed that cell growth was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As2O3 exerts growth inhibitory effect by arresting the cells at G2/M phase. Apoptosis analysis revealed that As2O3 treatment induced apoptosis at the lower concentrations, while necrosis occurred at the higher concentrations. As2O3 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells through induction of cell cycle arrest. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of As2O3-induced anti-tumor effects.

Granulocytic sarcomas (chloromas) are rare extramedullary tumors consisting of primitive granulocytic cells. We report here on a case of a 23-year-old man who presented with a generalized swelling. He is known case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Granulocytic sarcomas are rare, destructive, extramedullary tumor masses that consist of immature granulocytic cells. In this unusual patient's case, the location and invasive nature of the tumor be important that can die the patient if we cannot treat patient urgently.Optimal therapy for these patients has not been well defined: standard AML chemotherapy is moderately effective and should be considered for all suitable cases. To reduce the risk of subsequent ANLL in patients with nonleukemic GS, it is important that accurate histologic diagnosis is established initially for GS and that all isolated cases of GS, even those that appear to be cured by resection or irradiation of the tumor, are treated with intensive chemotherapy similar to that used to treat ANLL during the nonleukemic period as soon as possible.

Common radiologic features of lymphoma in lung are included: adenopathy, pleural effusion, multiple or solitary masses and diffuse infiltration. We want to present a 28y/o male with pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma with a rare radiographic pattern and distinct histologic description that at first misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis but eventually lung biopsy confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary Hodgkin disease.