فصلنامه سیاست
سال چهل و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، زمستان 1395)

A major approach in explaining the concept of political theory was thinking exclusively about its descriptive character. This approach was the dominant one in the middle decades of the twentieth century. But after the collapse of the pervasive project of positivism, the context of political theorizing has greatly changed and deliberating normativity and contemplating political theorizing with regard to values and ideals of political life was considered to a large scale. The basis of the present research on political theory was this fundamental fact that all political theories led to the political action and their purpose is to create social realities. Political theory should be known as that kind of studies that directed towards the "dos" and "donts" of political sphere. This reflects the issues to be addressed in political theory. These issues are largely normative and represent the correct principles and measures that should be prevailed on political affairs. In addition, political theory tries to perceive and understand the elements of a prosperous and happy society. By focusing on normativity in theorizing, the presented assumption about political theory in this study tries to provide a way for political theorizing in religious texts.

In asymmetric conflicts, major powers often adopts coercive strategy toward weak states which includes threats, encouragments, positive inducements, and compromises, and is an alternative for absolute and swift military or war strategies. Because this strategy held promise of foreign policy achievements while avoiding heavy military spending or the cost of the war strategy. Based on an old principle of the theory of international relations the threats of more powerful states are more effective, because the penalty for target disobedience will be more intensive. With regard to this matter it seems to be that the weak states must submitto major powers coercive (deterrent and compellence) requests easily. But why sometimes the evidence and experimental studies shows the failure of this strategy in result of the resistance of weak states which major powers finally choose the costly military strategy? This is a question that the present article is trying to answer with this hypothesis that ithe greater the coercive requests of the great powers threatens the survival of a weak state the more probable the failure of the coercive strategy will be

Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979 Shiite Islam has been adopted as state ideology in Iran. This paper is concerned with the impact of Islam on Iranian strategic culture. More specifically, it examines the impact of Islam on the manner Iran employs force in self-defense. To shed light on the influence of ideology, the article has relied heavily on Ayatollah Khomeini's speeches, sermons, and writings as well as Iranian conduct during the war with Iraq. It argues that Islam has set the goals for which force should be used, determined the military strategy to be adopted, defined the meaning of victory on the battlefield, spelled out the factors that contribute to military prowess, and impacted the organization, recruitment, and training of the armed forces.

Memory politics as a field is an outcome of representation crisis in social sciences. But this field has its own weaknesses that prevent presenting a coherent research program. Eliminating theory and conceptual defects of the field and increasing its objects are the most strategies to improve it to a coherent research program. But how someone can eliminate its current conceptual defects? In this article, we are going to present preparatories about a new memory politics theory that make it an independent research program with its own objects. So in first step, we will obviate theory and conceptual defects of current memory politics and then, we will say what kind of ideas and materials fit into this new approach.

The Authors present article With to bring up globalization as a transformation in the spatial organization of cultural and economic relations, Believed So central to the long process of political and economic With some kind of removable Connected whit own Considerable effects in the Regions of the world Especially the Middle East.Thus, the main question has been posed That How globalization Caused Strengthen and deepen the ethnic and religious particularism in the troubled region of the Middle East. To answer this question, our main assumptions is powered in three positions: 1. undermining national sovereignty. 2. Intensification of political and ethnic conflict and (3) cultural hegemony - cultural specific. This article used the theoretical framework Roland Robertson and Giddens as "local universe". And Descriptive and analytical method with critical strains is written. Compilation method using library resources, articles and internet sites

In recent years the most powerful and effective negotiations to change elements of the United Nations, the Security Council, has sparked a wide debate Benefits and special privileges of members of the Security Council such as the right to veto the, imposing sanctions Has forced some states to opposite white this order and 5 permanent members of the Security Council on the path to maintain the status quo, is united. However, where the Security Council is not representative of all countries of the world and is responsible for maintaining international peace and security The author also reviews the reasons for the dissatisfaction of the Security Council The main obstacles to the government's failure to the political and legal spectrum.

The establishment of foreign military bases is a key matter to understand the
distribution of power in spheres of influence throughout the world. Oversea bases
are the first mechanism of a mass network, which works to maintain the control
exercised by great powers, becoming the infrastructure for wars.Normally a government allies and governments that allow US military presence that has similar ideas about common interests or common threats in the host country . However, long-term military presence led to political problems, social and environmental. United States of America establishing military bases to expand their power and influence beyond the borders to achieve different goals and objectives, including the goal to increase the sphere of influence, dominance and control of geopolitical, geostrategic, economic interests, especially access to and control of energy resources and competing points. America with bases around the world have devastating impacts on host countries, the region and the world is left behind

In a comprehensive analysis of the Islamic revolution of Iran, the basic components and check that one of the main pillars of the revolution they led by Imam Khomeini (RA) and the pattern of significant importance, he is fighting. The main question in this regard is that of applying the pattern of conduct which caused that Imam Khomeini (RA) to be able to be in the shape of a political leader of the Islamic movement to properly and carefully in its original route in advance and sell to head home the victory? The author of this research with a visit to some of the verses from the Quran and related sources and citation method, analytic and adaptive outlines how to conduct method of Imam Khomeini (RA) and determined that the campaign practices of Imam Khomeini (RA) matches a pattern that the Holy Quran is called which believers. In this template, the "nature of the struggle toward the uprising have five characteristics: 1. assignment, 2. Central Islam, 3. Coupled with the consciousness and cognition, 4. The folks being 5. Organize and Mandy, System. Combat such features are only relying on the teachings of the Holy Quran and improve to Islam and never fail in that way.

Mubarak falling in 2011 was the beginning of a discoursive change over Egypt.The freed elements in Egypt field of discursivity that were around a special point tried to present an efficient image of Egypt desirable society and obsorbtion Floating signifier contenders field of discursivity.In one view Egypt political disourses can be devided into Islam oriented base Or secularism and asking democracy or authoritarian .some of Egypt political groups act in an Islam oriented and authoritarian discourse and in a formed dicoursive conflict tried to make their hegemony .The question of this paper is that what factors are used by this discours for its hegemonic domination and which political groups formed its discourse structure ?this paper by using Laclau and, Mouffe discourse analysis shows that above mentioned discourse by nodal point of "caliphate" tries to narriate themselves to be fitted with circumstances but dispersion of discourse factors and thouse groups that profited by this discourse logic caused that they involved in such a way of discourse time disterbtion

The Saudi strategic literature in dealing with Iran has been accompanied by signs of threats and crisis exacerbated in 2015. The signs of such literature can be found in the practical politics exercised by Saudi Arabia in Bahrain, Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. In fact, the aggravated crisis makes the imposition of security threats inevitable. The participation of the Arab League states, especially Egypt and the United Arab Emirates in Saudi Arabia and Turkey's regional policies has expanded the regional crisis. Regional security management in Saudi-Iranian relations is possible only on the basis of regional balance policy. The historical roots of such crisis in Saudi-Iranian security relations resurfaced in 2006. Setting out during post-Cold War years, the Shiite managed to establish their position in populations where they made up the majority. It faced more hostility in 2003, which later intensified in 2006 by Hezbollah resistance against Zonist regim. In these circumstances, the Islamic resistance was organized to encounter the regional conservatism, the US intervention and Zonist regim supremacy. The outcome of such a trend can be seen in how the Sharm el-Sheikh Conference was held in November 2006 against Iran. Attended by Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, United Arabic Emirates and the US, the conference was meant to deal with the Islamic extremist identity. Finally, it set the ground for expansion of identity crisis throughout the Middle East. In principal, the creation of crisis is counted as part of the Saudi security policy in striking a balance against Iran.