فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

Two separate tests were conducted in laboratory, to evaluate the germination behavior of sugar beet under effects of priming treatments. The first experiment examined the effect of time ( , 6, 12, 24 an 48 hours) and concentration (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400%) of two types of stimulants (Seed-start and Humic acid). The second experiment is consisted of seed priming times (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48) of two methods of hydration in water (running water and soaking in a Petri dish). The results showed that both tests have a significant effect on germination of sugar beet. The lowest time (3 hours) and the lowest concentration (25%) of priming of the Seed-starter and the Humic acid are desirable to improve sugar beet seed germination. The method of running water (48%) had better effect compared to soaking in a Petri dish (45%). Generally, methods of running water, soaking in a Petri dish, seed-start and Humic acid improve germination 76, 36, 79 and 64% compared to control, respectively. The impact of method and time of priming on germination rate showed the same trend like percentage of germination. Impact of stimulants can be because of nutrition element and influence of leaching with running water can be because of washing the inhibitive material on the seed coat. Seed-start treatment (Concentration of 25% with 3 hours) and leaching with running water (48 hours) can be introduced as the best treatment.

In order to study the effects of amount of super absorbent polymer on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat under normal and cut irrigation an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block with a split plots arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation or no irrigation withholding,cut irrigation at stem elongation, cut irrigation at flowering, and cut irrigation at both flowering and seed setting stages ) and sub factors were included super absorbent (0, 20 and 40 kg per hectare). The results showed that cut irrigation conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, carbohydrate grain content, total chlorophyll content and gibberellin but increased protein percentage, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content. Super absorbent polymer application in cut irrigation in different growth stages had positive effect on seed yield. In general, we concluded that super absorbent can improve growth conditions for wheat plants grown under water deficit stress. The reviews although show super absorbent is able to reduce the destroying effect of low water by absorbing and preserving water and approve varying agricultural characters. With attention to increased yield and its components and decreasing plant water need, using this material is economically acceptable.

The present study intended to investigate the effect of different doses of Humic Magnesium Chelate and Gibberellin on cowpea’s growth trend and production components under field conditions in Shadegan in summer 2014. To this end, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. The first factor included Humic Magnesium Chelate at three levels (0, 200 & 400 ml.h) and the second factor included Gibberellin at three levels (0, 150 & 300 ppm). The results indicated that spraying the plants with Humic Magnesium Chelate 400 ml.h and Gibberellin 300 ppm increased leaf Area Index (LAI) and Total Dry Weight (TDW). Whereas, in terms of Crop Growth Rate (CGR), spraying with Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin150 ppm increased Regular Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR). According to the results of ANOVA, there was a significant difference between different levels of Humic Magnesium Chelate in grain yield %5 probabilities Level. The difference between the different levels of Gibberellin, grain yield was significant at the 1% level. As well as the interaction between hormones, grain yield was significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, the highest grain yield was associated with the treatment of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm by 2,720 kg.ha; on the contrary, the lowest grain yield was observed in the control treatment by 1.950 kg.ha. To conclude, the results of the current research showed that the effect of Gibberellin treatment was higher on different doses of measured traits than Humic Magnesium Chelate treatment; and the application of Humic Magnesium Chelate 200 ml.h and Gibberellin 150 ppm was more effective on grain yield, yield components and physiological indices in comparison to the consumption of the higher concentration doses.

This study was conducted to evaluate the herb thyme traits under water shortage conditions in the four irrigation regimes and apply for four levels of putrescine split plot in a randomized complete block design with three Recur spring 1393 was conducted in Varamin city. The main cause of stress 140,110,80,50) mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and subplots consisted of four treatments putrescine (2,1,0.5,0) m.mol per liter respectively. The results showed that drought stress on leaf dry weight, fresh weight, thymol essential oils, essential oils, proline was significant at the one percent level. Putrescine hormone acts on the dry weight and fresh weight at the level of five percent vegetative thyme and other traits was significant at the one percent level. The interaction between stress hormones and putrescine on any of the evaluated traits was not significant. Most dry weight (8.45 grams) and weight (74.77 g), the growth in non-drought conditions were observed. The highest amount of thymol (558.05 microgram per gram of fresh leaf weight) and essential oils (4.57%) for 110 ml evaporation (high tension) and the most proline 54.55 micromoles per gram of fresh leaf) also treated to 140 mm evaporation stress (severe) were observed. The highest amount of thymol (58.72 microgram per gram of fresh leaf), essential oils (4.63%) and proline (42.95 micromoles per gram of fresh leaf) in terms of putrescine sprayed at 2 m.M, respectively. The greatest amount of weight (7.55 g) and dry (62.69 mg) also in vegetative organs sprayed at a m.M, respectively. The dry weight (6.02 g) and weight (44.72 g) the treatment of 140 mm evaporation (severe stress) and the least amount of thymol (45.20 microgram per gram of fresh leaf weight) and proline (24.52 microgram per gram of fresh leaf weight) and essential oil content (4.08%) for the treatment of 50 mm evaporation (control) was observed. The dry weight (6.88 g) and weight (56.22 g) and the least amount of thymol (46.45 microgram per gram of fresh leaf weight) and proline (37.02 microgram per gram of fresh leaf weight) and essential oil content (18.4 percent) was observed in the absence of putrescine sprayed. Due to the severe crisis of water scarcity and climate change in Korea of land, the use of hormone putrescine can be in terms of economic, ecological agriculture and for increased resistance to drought Thyme is justified. In general, putrescine role in plant defense against stress is to prevent aging and stress.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles and hydro priming mitigate the effects of salinity on oatsIs at the stage of germination and growth. In order to evaluate the effect of hydro-priming, pre-treatment of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles (priming in the lab and sprayed in the greenhouse) to improve germination and seedling growth indices oats in salinity stress conditions (0,4,8,12 ) dS m and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 20ppm and 10ppm silver nano particles factorial design quite "random with three replications. The criteria evaluated were germination percentage, seed yield and shoot and root weight seedling dry, electrical conductivity, the results showed that salinity significant effect (P>0.01) on all of these things and be reduced. the interaction of salinity and priming on germination was not significant. the interaction of salinity and dissolved application on grain yield, root length, shoot length and root dry weight were significant (P>0.01). average interaction between salinity and foliar showed that the highest yield (2.49 grams per plant) the maximum root length (13.29cm) and, most during the shoot (14.99cm) and the highest seedling dry weight (24.819mg) of silver nanoparticles with an average salinity and pretreatment (18.98) Was obtained . The lowest grain yield (1.4999 grams per plant), root length (2 cm, 10 cm stem length) of 12 dS m salinity treatments and antistress lack of substance was achieved.According to the results obtained from the use of silver nanoparticles and priming effect of intense passion to improve hydro-priming reduced grain yield.

In order to study of cultivator application, simultaneous cropping and nitrogen levels on forage yield of corn in Esfahan region. A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Urea manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), N1= 150 Kg ha-1 of urea, N2= 300 Kg ha-1 of urea) and simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= cultivation of corn, S2= cultivation of corn cultivator application, S3= cultivation of corn cultivator application soybean, S4= cultivation of corn cultivator application cowpea, S5= cultivation of corn cultivator application alfalfa) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 6 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 20 cm between plants on the rows and S.C 704 hybrid was used. In this study, traits such as stem height, panicule length, forage yield, weight of stem and leaf, weight of ear, plant productivity index, number of grain per ear and number of ear per meter- 2 were evaluated. The result have shown that the interaction effect of urea levels and simultaneous cropping cultivator application treatment was significant on stem height, panicle length, forage yield, weight of stem and leaf, weight of ear, plant productivity index and number of grain per ear. The maximum and minimum of forage yield (73.83 and 46.90 ton ha-1) were obtained with the cultivation of corn cowpea 150 Kg ha-1 of urea and cultivation of corn cowpea cultivator application 0 Kg ha-1 of urea manure, respectively. So, it seems that the use of simultaneous cropping along legumes and with reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers can be created through the diversity of cultures and the supply of nitrogen, one way to achieve sustainable of farming systems.

In order to investigate the effect of different concentration of mixed cropping of mung bean and corn on qualitative and quantitative aspects of forgave production; an experiment was performed in a fully randomized block design in natural resources and agricultural research center of Tehran province in summer of 2011. The experiment included treatments. Results showed that cropping of all mixed treatments at concentrations of 90000 and 110000 bushes per hectare for corn and 250000 and 350000 bushes. h for mung bean over pure cropping of the said plants at the aforesaid concentrations regarding LER (Land Equity Ratio) ranged from at least 1.27 (related to concentration of 110000 bushes/hector for corn and 250000 bushes/h for mung bean) to 2.94 (related to concentration of 90000 bushes/hectare for corn and 350000 bushes/h for mung bean).On the other hand investigation of queficients of dominance index in mixed treatments showed that corn crop was the dominant one in most of the treatments.Also results of function assessment of dry forages in highest level at T2 is 17.3 ton per hector and in lowest level in T4 is 1.2 ton. per hector and function of total wet forages at highest level at T2 is 77.3 ton. per hector and T4 in lowest level is 3.9 ton per hector. In total function of protein at highest level at T4 is 3.1 ton per hector and lowest level at T4 is 0.12 per hector.