فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1395)

Ferula gummosa owned umbelliferus of medicinal plants, industrial and pasture is important. One of the major problems in the field of these domestication species is the presence of seed dormancy. Therefore, it seems absolutely necessary to evaluation of break seed dormancy in this plant. Aim of this study is dormancy breaking, germination and evaluating the best treatment for the elimination of Ferula gummosa seed dormancy. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as factorial in based on completely randomized design with three replications in 1392, that it was conducted in the laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. To perform the experiment, Ferula gummosa seed were collected from Binalud Highlands city of Nishabur in August 1391. The experiments included cold stratification at four levels (30, 45, 60 and 70 days) with treatment gibberellic acid at four levels (control, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) and also cold stratification at four levels (30, 45, 60 and 70 days) with treatment kno3 at four levels (control, 1%, 2% and 3%). The final assessment of germination, after 3 weeks of maintenance conducted on Germinator. The results of the first experiment showed that cold stratification and gibberellic acid had a significant positive effect on germination of Ferula gummosa and the maximum percentage (67.5 %) and rate of germination (2.45 seed/day) were obtained by treatment of 60 days stratification. The lowest percentage and rate of germination was gained by treatment of 30 days stratification. Application of 250 ppm gibberellic acid had the highest germination rate (1.94 seed/day) among different levels of gibberellic acid. The results of the second experiment illustrated that cold stratification and kno3 caused to improve germination properties and the highest level of kno3 caused to gain the highest percentage (51.66 %) and rate of germination (1.31 seed/day). No-application of kno3 had the lowest amount of these properties (percentage and rate germination were 31.66% and 0.68 seed/day, respectively).

To evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity.

Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Varamin in crop year 1394 was conducted. Factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Pb at a concentration of zero, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of lead sulfate salt supply Pb SO4 (respectively P0, P1, P2 and P3) as well as taking Biochar (charcoal made from almond wood) with a ratio of zero, 20 and 40% (respectively B0, B1 and B2) were considered as treatments. The results showed effects Biochar the weight of fresh and dry biomass, biomass, fresh root, stem and leaf concentration of lead in the five-percent probability level was significant. The results showed Biochar effects on fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, the concentration of lead in roots and leaves were significant at the level of five percent. The highest shoot dry weight of the treatment (no biochar) and 50 mg Pb kg with 1.431 hot and the lowest shoot dry weight of 200 milligrams of lead per kilogram of treatment and lack of biochar with hot 0.261 at the root of the treatment of 100 mg Pb kg and 40 wt% biochar with 1.368 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration at the root of the control (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar with 0.617 mg kg and the highest lead concentration in stems from the treatment of 200 mg Pb kg (and lack of biochar) with (1.239 mg kg) and the lowest concentration of lead in the stem of the treatment (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar (1.001 g) and the highest concentration of lead in leaves of treatment, 40% biochar with 1.941 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration in leaves related to the treatment of 100 mg per kg of lead and 40% biochar with 0.166 mg kg. The results of this study suggest that lead pollution is causing negative effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of corn.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the Effects of manure and zeolite on heavy metal (cadmium) adsorption and chlorophyll content of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) an experiment in Factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 at varamin were performed. Treatments were: first factor manure in three levels including 0, 20 and 40 kg/ha and the second factor zeolite in three levels including 0, 10 and 20 kg/ha. Results showed a significant effect of manure and zeolite on stems Cd content, roots Cd content, grain Cd content, absorption factor of Cd, chlorophyll content a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, had a significant effect, but the effect of manure and zeolite on transmission factor was not significant. Interaction between manure and zeolite on chlorophyll content a, total chlorophyll was significant. The maximum and minimum total chlorophyll to 20 ton/ha of zeolite 40 ton/ha of manure and control treatments with 1.153 and 0.852 mg.gfw-1 respectively. Generally, application of manure and zeolite on chlorophyll content and also reduce the absorption of cadmium was significant.

Salinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (x triticosecale vittmack) under salt stress operating on four levels of salinity (0,6,10,14 dsm-1) and, salisylic acid 20 ppm and nano silver particles 10 ppm). This research in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications implement in the laboratory expertise Agricultural University- Varamin in year 2014- 2015. The results showed that high salinity stress reduce rate and percentage of germination in testes standard germination and cold test and accelerated aging test. Interactive effects of salinity and nano silver particles and Salicylic acid could also have a significant effect on the length seedling, length plumule, length root and rate of germination and rising tension in the plant (at 14 dsm-1), nano silver particles and Salicylic acid failed to prevent damage to the plant. most rate germination in treatment without salinity and pretreatment salicylic acid with mean 8.07 seed in day and least rate germination product in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming with mean 2.68 seed in day. most length seedling, length root, length plumule in treatment without salinity and pretreatment nano sillver mean order occur by 191 mm, 105mm, 85mm and least quantity factors mean order cause by mean 72mm, 34mm, 37 mm in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming. most rate appearance seedling accrue in treatment without salinity with mean 10/81% and least rate appearance seedling in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 7/91 and in treatments priming most rate appearance seedling in treatment nano silver with mean 10/57 % and least that come in treatment un priming with mean 6/85.in treatments salinity most rate germination in cold test in treatment control with mean 65% and least that accrue in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 43% .most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 62% and least that accrue in treatment control with 37%. in treatments salinity most percentage germination in accelerated aging test in treatment control with mean 52% and least that in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 30%.in accelerated aging test most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 51% and least that accrue in treatment control with mean 29%.

In recent years the development of technology and the increasing use of additives, Pesticides and antibiotics in food production and storage, and undeniably adverse effects on human health as well as concerns about the safety of crops and livestock in all parts of the world has been increasing and forbore disease threat a major threat to human health myshvd. Taknvn different strategies for solving agricultural issues raised is common, such as farming can be cited. This research method is based on the purpose, the process of executing a little research, the deductive logic of the study, in terms of longitudinal retrospective study, based on exploratory factor analysis was used. The study population included all organic farmers Qazvin province is that due to the limited population (n = 173), the census is. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data required by the supervisor and advisor to verify the validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76 was calculated. For data analysis software SPSS16 used. The results from an agricultural perspective the variables included 5 factors in the barriers, improve motivation and notification, service-financial, social, environmental, educational support and service-support. This 5% variance of about 66/363 barriers organic products cannot justify.

In order the effect of Application of bio fertilizer (nitroxin) on quantity and quality of borage under Water deficit stress an experiment in split plot randomized based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the Agricultural Research Station of ROUDEHEN Islamic Azad University done. treatments were first factor drought in four levels (control, stress at Vegetative stage, stress at flowering stage, stress at Vegetative flowering stage) and the second factor consisted of four levels of fertilizer treatments (100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer bio fertilizer (nitroxin), 25% chemical fertilizer bio fertilizer) respectively. Results showed a significant effect of cut irrigation on plant height, essence percentage, mucilage percentage, flower yield, Chlorophyll, but the effect of cut irrigation on essence yield was not significant. Effect of fertilizer treatments on plant height, essence yield, flower yield and Chlorophyll was significant and the percentage of mucilage was not significant. Interactions between cut irrigation and fertilizer treatments on essence yield (1.75 kg\ha), flower yield (481 kg\ha) was significant and 50% chemical fertilizer bio fertilizer was best treatment. The Least flower and essential oil yield in the 100% chemical fertilizer stress at Vegetative flowering stage treatment with an average of 301 and 1.136 kg per hectare was obtained.