فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1395)

The effect of priming hormone auxin and gibberellic acid on seed germination characteristics of maize single cross 704 was prepared crumbling Institute of Agricultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin leader laboratory for experiments in completely randomized design 4 replications. Treatments, including treatment with aged corn at three levels (0, 7 and 14 days), priming hormone auxin treatment at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150ppm) and gibberellic priming treatments at four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm) were considered. Traits in the study were: germination percentage, average daily rate of germination, vigor, average acceleration of germination, root length, shoot length, germination index, seedling dry weight, cold test, The electrical conductivity before and after priming, vertical index seedling vigor, root to shoot ratio and average germination time. The table showed that the treatments evaluated in terms of significant differences (at 0.01 and 0.05) is established and the comparison of the attributes evaluated in terms of rates in different groups a. As well as Aged corn seed treatments, the lowest average in comparison with control in most of the traits that Seed deterioration has a negative impact on germination traits. On the other hand, the hormones auxin and gibberellic acid pretreatment, the opposite effect in some traits have shown and in general these hormones increase resistance to cold and the growth of root and shoot of corn were effective. As the figures also showed that, as the second level of GA was effective in most of the traits.

Bio fertilizers contain a sufficient number of one or more species of beneficial microorganisms and nutrients from the soil are able to convert unused usable form. In order to evaluate the effect of manure into bio-fertilizer and seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing on agronomic traits of grain corn KSC647 cultivars, factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted during 2012-2013 in the College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin. The first factor manure: M1: to use 30 tons of manure per hectare of manure and M2: Non-application of manure, Second factor biofertilizers Azotobacter strains (Azotobacter chroococcum): Az1: seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Az0: non-inoculated seed with Azotobacter and the third factor bio-fertilizers Azospirillum strains (Azosprillum brasilense): As1: seed inoculation with Azospirillum and As0: non-inoculated seed with Azospirillum biofertilizer. The results showed that the highest grain yield, biological yield, grain weight, harvest index, number of seed per ear from animal manure and seed inoculation treatments combined with Azotobacter and Azospirillum was obtained. Specify the use of bio-fertilizers with manure saves 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer. It seems that excess nitrogen from manure improves the vegetative growth at the beginning and in the middle of nitrogen-fixing bacteria able to stabilize the soil nitrogen available to the plants. Synergy of these two factors has led to the growth of nitrogen in the plants, and thus achieved the highest yield.

In order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on the quantity and quality of the Stevia, an experiment was conducted in during 2014 at Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments included: 1-Control, 2-Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble), 3- Foliar application (6% Fe water-soluble), 4- Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble) Zn, 5- Foliar application (6% Fe watersoluble) Zn, 6-Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble) Mn, 7- Foliar application (6% Fe watersoluble) Mn, 8- Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble) Zn, 9- Foliar application (6% Fe watersoluble) Zn. Results showed a significant effect of Foliar micronutrients on shoot length, Internode length, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, soot dry weight, Stevioside, Rebaudioside, Glycoside, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b/a, Fe, Zn and Mn content, but the effect of Treatments on P and Ca content is not significant. The Best Results in Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble) Zn treatment was obtained. The impact on the amount of phosphorus and calcium treatments were not significant. Because the micro-nutrients applied as foliar application is sent, an increased impact on soil phosphorus and phosphorus absorption and thus no plant phosphorus content is also due to the lack of elemental calcium treatments and applications by spraying, can have no effect on the absorption of calcium soil. Most of the glycosides in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) Zn Mn and lowest in control 7.55 and 3.94 respectively with an average of dry matter was obtained. Most of the shoot in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) Zn Mn and lowest in control respectively 81 and 58 cm respectively. Fe Zn Mn combination treatment compared to other treatments bigger share of Stevia in the lengthening of internodes were at least internode length, with an average of 3.03 inches was in control. Lowest Steviosid with an average of 2.25% of dry matter in the Amdo control Fe Zn Mn combination treatment compared to other treatments had a bigger share in the increase in the Stevia plant Steviosid. The highest Rybvdyvzyd in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) Zn Mn and iron treatment (six percent soluble in water) Zn Mn with an average of 2.63 and 2.53 percent of the dry matter and least control it. In between treatments, foliar iron (not water-soluble iron content) Zinc foliar fertilizer spray six thousand four hundred manganese fertilizers more effective than other treatments the traits were measured.

In order to examine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers with the use of salicylic acid on the agronomic characteristics of corn as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station in 2011 was Boroujerd. Factors examined included three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizer (mycorrhizal fungi) (seed inoculation and seed inoculation) and two levels of salicylic acid (0/5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield, respectively, with the application of 150 kg P ha grain yield of 9006 kg was found that 48% More the treatment of non-usage. In the case of seed inoculation with mycorrhiza on the amount of 8412 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-inoculated seeds. Salicylic acid has a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, grain yield and biological yield and harvest index. The application of 1 mM salicylic acid yield of 8316 kg per hectare, respectively, which was 24% higher than the treatment of non-use. Phosphorus and mycorrhiza interaction on grain yield and biological yield was significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interaction and effect on yield only three treatments was significant.

One of the valuable plant species that grows mainly in the mountains is called kotschyanus Thymus plant belongs to the family Lamiaceae, species of the family is scattered all over the world and particularly in Mediterranean areas including major crops growing accumulation and mountain thyme is Mediterranean. Including Btanyky characteristics of woody plant, short stature, bulk or herbaceous perennial with a woody base stomach tonic, Nyrvdhndh, anticonvulsants, carminative, anti tussive, sedative, anti-rheumatic, anti bacterial, anti-parasitic and fungal, anti-virus and prevent Cancer is known. Its essence is mainly in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, apiculture and trade has been used and is a strong antimicrobial properties. To investigate the effect of genetic and ecological conditions on the growth height of the plant samples in the area of plant height (2100, 2700 and 3300) at 100% flowering with a height of 10 cm from the ground up and in vitro, the essential oil Klvnjrv with essential oil to gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were examined. According to the results of analysis of variance showed that height on Sft¬Hay Vzn¬Tr with (667.36) and the humidity with (118.39) and essential oils (1/71) and oil percentage (0.26) were statistically significant at the one percent level. The effect of height on the amount of essential oil of thyme showed that most of thymol, carvacrol, alpha-terpinene, followed by Seaman, terpinene, borneol, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide Dltakadynn and statistically significant at the one percent level are.

In order to study of glycine betaine application on germination and morph physiological characteristics of bean under salinity stress an experiment was conducted in physiology laboratory of department of agronomy in Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran in summer 2016. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with four levels of Salinity (0, 2, 4 & 6 mmol Nacl) by Three levels glycine betaine application (0, 5& 10 ppm), with three replicates. The results showed that salinity stress effect treatment significantly for germination index, radicle dry weight, total chlorophyll, leaf protein percentage, leaf proline content, the cell membrane stability and relative water content. Also the results showed that glycine betaine application effect was significant for all experimental traits except for the cell membrane stability. The interaction between salinity stress and glycine betaine was significant for germination index, total chlorophyll, protein percentage and leaf proline content. In generally the result demonstrated that the best treatment for salinity stress was control which improves the measured traits except radicle dry weight in red bean. Also glycine betaine application could be improved the negative salinity stress.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of application of calcium nitrate on quality related characteristics of fruits in Cucumis sativus Factorial in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Plants were sprayed with 4 concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) of calcium nitrate in pre and post flowering stages. The application of calcium nitrate led to the decreases in soluble solid, compared to control. In comparison to control, chlorophyll content, acidic and ascorbate levels significantly were increased in calcium nitrate treated samples. on the first day, and the value of 74 quarters and the lowest stiffness for the tenth day of treatment 1% and amounts to 21.4, the highest TTA on the first day and for 0.5% of the amount was 0.52 Lowest TTA also to prepare 2% calcium nitrate on the tenth day of the 0.336, the highest amount of Vitamin C and Calcium Nitrate 1% on the first day to 0.86 and the lowest amount of calcium nitrate 0.5% on the tenth day enzyme activity in the fifth day for the saltpeter 0% and amounts to 76.4 and the highest value for calcium nitrate 0.5% and the tenth day of the 40.34 and the minimum value for the first day of calcium nitrate and 1% to the value of 66/9. The results of this study indicate that the use of positive role of calcium on quality and postharvest life of fruits.