نشریه ره آورد سیاسی
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1386)

The cold war and its aftermaths specially the collapse of Soviet Union affected the international relations arena and the importance of these events is not covert to anyone but what is very remarkable is the modality of the U.S. victory in this big battle against soviet and the effective tactics in this success. This article tries to consider most important policies of American officials specifically the operation of Ronald Reagan the 40th president of the United States, the policies which played a key role in the downfall of that superpower. The cold war had been started in several decades earlier -exactly after the second World War- but the present research discusses the period of 1980s, years in which the vast soviet empire was taking her last gasps and accurately at this time the last shot was fired to her spent chassis by Reagan Administration and ultimately in 1991 the communist Soviet went to the necropolis of history. At the end of this study we try to compare the U.S. pattern against Soviet Union with her pattern against the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to identify their differences and similarities.

The present paper discusses firstly about the position of this theory among various theories of realist school of thought and concludes that this theory is placed in defensive subsidiary of realistic theories. Then after explanation the principles of this theory we try not to be limited to traditional conceptions of that which only talks about the technology and its relationship with Aggressive or defensive positioning of countries but to use the role of some variants such as modern regimes, geography and security systems in our analysis. Then a series of factors has been introduced as “decuple factors” which are considerable signs in the behavior of countries and can help in prediction and analyzing their intentions and concluded that the one-by-one emergence of this signs can lead to war and insecurity conditions. Eventually after expressing the weaknesses and strengths of this theory tries to explain the political and military actions of the second Pahlavi and to identify the decuple factors in his period.

The sensitive and strategic position of Iran in the Middle East region, the crisis and political instability in neighboring countries and existence of political challenges with strategic neighbors lead to some threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran`s security. One of the biggest ex-regional threats whom influence has been expanded in this region is the United State of America. With keeping on to her presence in this region and through her relationships with neighboring countries of Iran in north, south, west and east of the Iranian borders, the U.S. is going to dominate an environment characterized by horror and tension on the relationships of Iran with this countries. The rejection of American plans such as Big Middle East by Iran, avoiding from recognizing Israel and the danger which that regime sense from the Iranian side, the insistence of Iran on her national independence and also on pursuing her nuclear program have led the U.S. and her allies to be worry about Iran. The above mentioned reasons, the strategic importance of Iran and the policies which Iran has chosen toward these governments has eventuated to a very intensive confrontation from America against Iran in the international environment. The main characteristics of this American strategy against Iran in the Middle East are limitation and isolation and above all erasing of Iran from the regional deals and in this way and also to expand their sovereignty on the economic resources and on the strategic station of this region, the U.S. and her allied powers will not hesitate from using any diplomatic and even military tools.

Middle East is a very important region because of its exclusive specialities (we will discuss about its importance in its place). But the news which we hear from this region is in tremendous difference from the reality and sometimes this news announce in a way which misguides us ourselves who are living in this region. This article discusses the effects of media on the distortions, exaggerations, etc of Middle East news. The above mentioned matter is discussed in this study through offering testifier examples and Alongside it, there is deliberated the media and Middle East region importance. Ad-hoc, foremost, the analytic framework of our debate has been designed through using media, language and news theories and on this base the operational principles of the newscast policies of western media during the imposed war of Iraq on the Islamic Republic of Iran has been deliberated.

The contemporary history of Iran is full of struggles with the aim of fundamental changes in the public domain of Iranian society. This desire for development in encounter with a new civilization which was imposing its hegemonic power in technologic, noetic and political domains on Iran, shaped to a common sense which itself prepared the scene for new words such as Progress, Protestantism, Constitutionalism, Evolution, etc to emerge in the political literature of that period. Iranians in collision with the west civilization with observing the prodigious differences of this strange phenomena reached to a distinctive apperception of themselves and their station, an apperception which was completely different from its preceding. This development is obviously reflected in itineraries and biographies written by passengers of the west. This passengers point out to some aspects of their culture which were hidden from their eyes prior to these trips. Another eye catcher point in these dissertations is the passengers lodgment toward the strange culture–western culture. The result of their first deal with this culture was astonishment and infatuation. We may justify them to react like that when they observed the technological and social advancements of west and its distance from the Iranian situation but despite these justifications, the outcomes of this infatuation weren’t positive necessarily and later became effective in their and their readers prescriptions for Iran.