نشریه ره آورد سیاسی
پیاپی 36 (تابستان 1391)

In this paper, soft power in western thinker’s thought, especially Joseph Nye, are studied. The aim of this work is an introduction to the audience with the literature of this subject on the horizon and ideas of Western thinkers. In this context, at first the term of 'soft power' is defined in terms of Western theorists and after that the origins and its features are discussed. Moreover, we clarify this concept in the political arena, some conceptual elements will be studied, and then the resources, tools, pests and damages of soft power is explained through the Western intellectual outlook. Finally soft power in western viewpoint with a religious view of this field is to be provided for entry into the Islamic sphere.

According to the Holy Quran and historical quotations suggests that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his Muslim followers at that time had a peaceful tenderness looking to the Jews of Medina. They were being committed to their testament and were trying to behave the Jewish with a manner of toleration and tolerance, so at the beginning of the formation of Islamic government, various trying has been discussed in different ways, including signing the Convention, to provide a good situation for inviting them to the right, and by destruction of the wall of distrust between themselves and the Jewish, they have tried to provide an appropriate background for their attention to Islam and its messages. The main problem of the Jews was that they have not only failed to fulfill its obligations but contrary stepped and forced Prophet and the Muslims to stand-up. However the Prophet’s sire was solving the problems in a peaceful manner and he just acting against them in a situation that there were no excuse for them.

In view of Imam Khomeini, religious and political justice is one of the most important topics in religious and political literature. Imam's view of justice is not only the quality of the human but also to observe piety and purity and meeting obligations and also have a broad social, political and economic dimensions as well, so it is a virtue which accrue to institutions, groups, and the social aspects. To know the exact place of the intellectual system of justice of Imam, we tried to focus on some areas. At first, the importance of voting equity in the properties of Imam Khomeini (PBUH) is investigated. Then we looked at the basis and aim of justice in Imam’s thought. Survey of relationship among justice, liberty, and Imam’s point of view into justice which is counted as same as power’s inhibition’s function, would exhibit the place of power better in Imam’s system of thought.

As one of the scholars, Ayatollah Naeini as a theorist in the field of Islamic political thought, has tried to present the specific historical conditions in which the expression of religious practices for the community. These efforts which ultimately led to the model that prescribed by him is a constitutional government, which brings the question that by considering the precedent of this way of governing in non-religious grounds, his administration of government in this way is based on which kind of jurisprudential basis of the analytical model. On the other hand, whether the ideal and utopian religious community office during the absence of Imam is a constitutional monarchy, or he proposes it as the best inventory? Or basically during absence of Imam, the proposed government has some other properties? This article is based on the religious foundations of the constitutional system in Naeini’s idea, and in addition to the express terms of his viewpoint to good governance during Imam’s absence.

By the end of the Cold War between the United States of America and Russia, we had seen the rise of a comprehensive poweroriented in international field. In this case, to achieve and sustain excellence in the areas of political, economic and cultural situations, we need various requirements of the micro and macro levels. Afghanistan as a country which is rich in resources and hard drawn of the world powers is counted as a region of full of challenges. After the Soviet’s withdrawal and the entry of the United States of America into Afghanistan, we had seen the power issue of Taliban and extremism in the country, and the incident of September 11, 2001 AD, created the excuse to control space of this country. America's military presence in Afghanistan which was by the purpose of preventing terrorism and organized crime, created a challenging space for America in the region. In this article, I will be using an analytic approach to see what and how the United States of America is in Afghanistan and what is America’s strategy there. Therefore, we investigate general principles of U.S. foreign policy and the history of its relations with Afghanistan, about Iran and Afghanistan relations after the Islamic revolution, we discussed Bush's policy in invasion of Afghanistan and Obama’s strategy there and challenges that are impede cooperation between Iran and the U.S. in order to Afghanistan's stability.

In this paper by a geo economic survey, weight of the Caspian Sea and China's need for stable energy supply and the continued existence and vulnerability of energy supply security in the Middle East and China's Energy Diplomacy quest, on the other hand, it shows the Caspian Sea to reasons ranging from high oil and gas reserves, geographical proximity and relatively stable security which can provide the energy as the most important port in China’s geo economic in the future. Eventuality of military conflict in the Persian Gulf, the United States dominated the high dependence on energy transit this area next to the continuing growth of China's oil and gas to China, followed by the hands diversify its energy supply sources and in the Caspian Sea as the second most important energy storage due to its geographical proximity and energy security of the region, a top priority for China in this direction should be occur. A method of analytic concepts and key research issue is the major axes in this paper.

Trying to get to the "security" is the main motivations for human life on this planet. This stretch of the essence of human existence, has an inextricably link. Preservation of nature and protecting of nature was and is the most fundamental human desires. Existence of communities depends on staying of their safe and when it is not present, chaos would be the truth of life. Northern region of Iran due to the cultural and social sensitivities of its area need a specific attention. Achieving the goals and vision of twenty-year vision needs clever focus. For this purpose, after the identification of criteria by referring to the upstream documents and standard characters for prioritization by the usage of experts using analytic hierarchy (AHP), we can get a good result. Moral character, family and identity are those factors which had the greatest impact on culture and social security in the northern region of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also invited to collective goodness (definitely famous and forbidding evil), cultural relationships, and the role of family are the factors that influence more than any other component of the social and cultural security in this geographical area, which had indicated the greater importance of the area of policy and enforcement by the relevant authorities.