نشریه پلیس زن
پیاپی 22 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

Child abuse is one of the potential risks about children. Studied indicate that a significant portion of child abuses happens with people who was the victim of child abuse by parents or other adults many years ago. Increasing phenomenon of child abuse and the repeat of its cycle from one generation to another, the investigation of this phenomenon seems to be essential. This study aims to investigate the causes of child abuse cycle by using existing scientific theories and expert opinion. This is a descriptive-analytical study and in terms of the purpose is applied. Data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire which after measuring its validity and reliability distributed among the statistical sample. The statistical population of this study is all social workers and experts in social emergency centers in Tehran. The research sample included 50 people who work in four centers that related to dealing with child abuse in Tehran. The data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed by using SPSS software. The results indicate that social emergency experts after recognizing the effects of childhood abuse on the child abusing in adulthood, among the proposed reasons and causes, identified the greatest and most effective reason of child abuse in adulthood is the formation of abnormal personality in an abused child and its impact on the child abusing by him and acceptance of it as an acceptable method in upbringing children.

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of various focus guidelines on the performance of beginner snipers. For this purpose, 16 female students were selected among female students of Police University with an average age of 21.33 who don’t have the experience of shooting. After five shoots as a basic familiarity, they shoot in three blocks under three conditions of external focus of attention (consider to stand like a chair), the internal focus of attention (consider to keep the knees at 90 degrees) and control condition in a counterbalance mode (no considering instruction). The results of the variance analysis test with repeated measurements showed that participants have a better performance with the internal focus than two other conditions; also participants have a better performance in the external focus of attention than the control condition. Thus, according to the results of this research can be suggested to the trainers at education, sport and military centers that in dealing with beginners use the external focus of attention instruction.

Drug addiction is one of the important world issues that is affecting on our country. Although drug addiction is undesirable for every of members of society, but women addiction because of their maternal and wifely role and its impact on the survival of the family and also the damages caused by their addiction is worse and its negative effects are more severe. Thus, paying attention to this social problem and trying to prevent women addiction and also facing with effective factors on it, is one of the important tasks of the government. The police force and especially police women as security providers of women and children have duties in this regard and they are expected to act. This paper aims to investigate the police woman’s role in fighting with drug addiction among women and children. This study has analyzed 67 articles related to this question: what is the police woman’s role in fighting with drug addiction among women and children? Reviewing the recommendations of these articles showed that police women can play role in the field of awareness, informing, providing advice to women and youths exposed to risk and training families in preventing drug use. Also, control of drug smuggling by women offenders in the entry and exit of the country by using advanced systems and fighting with drug gangs, especially in places allocated to women, have been such measurements by police women in this area. Measurements such as managing organizations related to women in order to support the families affected by drugs and preventing of more dameges, are other results of this study.

Serial murders which have increased during the past three decades in our country, have hurt the collective conscience more than any other crimes. Accordingly, various attempts carried out to explain this phenomenon by criminologists, psychologists and sociologists and this paper is one of these analyses. The aim of this study is to provide a sociological analysis of the first female serial murderer in Iran that has been done with an emphasis on three components of family situation, the environmental situation and socioeconomic status of the murderer. The method of this study is qualitative with emphasis on case study. The statistical population was serial murderers records and data have been collected in addition to reviewing documents through in depth interviews with experts, investigators, judges, friends, neighbors, murderer and victim family members. Some of the most important findings of this study with an emphasis on above mentioned components are as follows: Family status of the murderer was disorganized, for instance, there is a huge dispute between some members of their family members, some family members and their relatives have a history of violence and drug addiction, the level of education of murderer’s family members has been low and murderer and his family job prestige have been low. Residential place and social environment that the murderer lives because of existence of offenders has been greatly crime prone. The murderer doesn’t have any important social-individual skills. For example, lack of social communication skill. Murderer suffered severely from serious economic and livelihood problems such as low income, seasonal unemployment and debt. Although there is a little information about the personality and character of a murderer and this information doesn’t explain his serial murdering, but instead social and environmental factors affecting the incidence of serial murders (such as broken families, inappropriate living environment and social situation) have a significant presence in his life.

Social capital is one of the concepts that explain social damages through a combination of criminology theories with micro and macro level discussions about the structures and social networks. Since the most social problems have arisen from social relations, this study investigates the empirical theory of the relationship between family social capital and teenager's delinquency by using social capital theory of Coleman family and Hirshi social bound theory. To investigate the above mentioned relation has been used a sample of 400 junior high school students in Zahedan which they were studying in the academic year 2010-2011. This is a survey study and data were gathered by questionnaire. The results indicate that there is a significant and an inverse relationship between structure social capital and cognitive social capital of within family with teenager's delinquency. Two other hypotheses about the inverse and significant relationship between structure social capital and cognitive social capital of outside the family did not approve. Also among the family social capital components the parental awareness component has been the most powerful determinant of deliquency changes. Regression analysis results based on responder's gender showed that the cognitive social capital of within family has been the most powerful determinant of delinquency among boy responders in case that the structure social capital of within family has been the most powerful determinant of delinquency among girl responders.

Crimes are usually considered as a serious threat to the lives and properties of human beings. Among these, the women’s deviations are issues that have undeniable consequences in all micro, middle and macro levels. Without a doubt, one of the factors of forming a person’s behavior is his socioeconomic status in which grows and lives. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of this particular group can help us in identifying the situation and then resolving these predisposing factors. Due to this, the presence study investigates the socioeconomic status of female offenders and prisoners (case study Lorestan province). This is a survey study. The statistical population consisted of women offenders of Lorestan province that the data was gathered by using a researcher made questionnaire and randomly distributing of it among 55 women prisoners located in Khoram Abad and Boroujerd. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Women offenders in Lorestan province are mainly married with low education in the age group of 30 – 49 years. Offenders have expressed factors such as poverty and lack of social protection as fundamental factors for their committing crimes and deviations.