فهرست مطالب
Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Mar 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/25
- تعداد عناوین: 15
-
-
Page 2BackgroundDetailed injury epidemiology is an unmatched tool for reducing injury risks associated with any sport. Very little epidemiologic data exists regarding injuries sustained by kabaddi players..ObjectivesTo study knee injuries in kabaddi players..
Patients andMethodsThis is a cross-sectional, observational study. Seventy six kabaddi players (both professionals and amateurs) presenting with sports-related knee injuries were identified from previous records; data was analysed for demographic features, injury mechanism, injury scenario, duration of injury before presentation, injury pattern, management, return to sport and time lost in sport due to the knee injury..ResultsThe mean duration prior to presentation was 14.4 months. Majority of the injuries (88.16%) occurred during competitive games. The most common injury noted was ACL tear (89.47%), followed by meniscus tears which were noted in 68.42% of the players. Forty four players (57.89%) retired from the sport as a consequence of the knee injury. Time lost in sport in those who returned to kabaddi was an average of 16.6 months; signifying the high morbidity due to knee injuries in kabaddi players. Return to sport was significantly more (P = 0.04) in those treated surgically than in those treated conservatively; but was not affected by mechanism of injury, injury scenario, injury pattern, duration of injury at presentation or level of competition of the athlete..ConclusionsEpidemiologic studies in kabaddi are the need of the hour to assess the burden of this predominantly rural sport and to implement injury prevention programs. Our study emphasises the morbidity of knee injuries in kabaddi players of India and the exacting toll it takes on their careers..Keywords: Kabaddi, knee injuries, ACL Tear, Meniscus Tear, Sports, Related Injuries -
Page 3BackgroundIt has been suggested that weakness and asymmetry of core stabilizing muscles have an important role in the development of scoliosis and its complications, especially low back pain. However there is insufficient data comparing symmetry and function of these muscles in scoliotic patients with the normal population. Also there are only a few studies assessing the relationship between the degree of spinal deviation and asymmetry of core stabilizing muscles. This study evaluates the thickness, symmetry, and activation of the external oblique (EO), the internal oblique (IO) and the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscles of patients with AIS and compares these data with a group of normal adolescents..ObjectivesThe objective of this observational study was to know the asymmetry pattern of lateral abdominal muscles at rest and during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADiM) in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and to compare it with a group of healthy adolescents..MethodsTwenty healthy adolescents and twenty patients with AIS, aged 10 to 18 years, were included. The thickness of lateral abdominal muscles was measured, using ultrasound, at the end of normal exhalation at rest and during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADiM). Muscular activity was represented as absolute difference and percentage change in the muscle thickness during the ADiM compared with rest..ResultsThere was no side to side asymmetry in muscle thickness at rest and also during ADiM in two groups. Thickness of right EO [0.39 (0.09) in the AIS group compared to 0.51 (0.12) in the normal group] and left EO [0.38(0.10) in the AIS group compared to 0.50 (0.11) in the normal group] at rest was higher in the normal group (PConclusionsThe EO muscle was thinner and had higher activity during ADiM in the AIS group. Analysis of our data showed that in the AIS group the higher the lumbar spinal curve to the right, the thicker the right TrA compared to the left TrA..Keywords: Scoliosis, Abdominal Muscles, Ultrasonography
-
Page 4BackgroundPolyphenols are a class of organic chemical compounds, with strong antioxidant capacity. This investigation evaluates the influences of one week curcumin supplementation on selected indices of oxidative stress after 14 km running in active healthy young males..ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1 week of curcumin supplementation on anti-oxidant markers..MethodsSubjects were randomized in a double blind, placebo-controlled fashion into two groups: Curcumin (C) (n = 11) and placebo (P) (n = 9). The subjects received supplementation (90 mg) or placebo for 7 days before main trial. Then, subjects ran 14 km. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA-TBARS) were measured using spectrophotometer methods..ResultsThere was a significant increase in TAC after supplementation (PConclusionsIt is concluded one week oral supplementation of curcumin has positive effects on selected indices of oxidative stress possibly via promotion of antioxidant capacity..Keywords: Curcumin, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Reduced Glutathione, Malondialdehyde
-
Page 5BackgroundA decline in neuromuscular function can cause a decrease in physical fitness in elderly women..ObjectiveThe present study aimed at investigating whether whole body vibration (WBV) training and creatine supplementation could affect muscle strength, mobility, and balance in elderly women in short- term..MethodsThe participants were 22 healthy elderly women aged 60 to 80 years, who were randomly divided into the whole-body vibration and creatine (WBV Cr) group, whole-body vibration and placebo (WBV P) group, and control group. The whole-body vibration group performed exercises for 10 days. The participants in WBV Cr group consumed 20 g oral creatine supplement per day from the first to the fifth day, which was followed by consuming 5 g of creatine per day for the next 5 days. To assess mobility performance, a 30-meter walking and tandem gait tests were applied. Static and dynamic balance were measured by Flamingo and Timed-Up and Go (TUG) tests. Muscle isometric and isotonic strength were assessed by dynamometer and leg extension tests..ResultsNo significant difference was found in static balance (P = 0.11), but WBV Cr and WBV P groups showed better results in dynamic balance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, leg isotonic strength improved significantly in WBV Cr and WBV P groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). However, leg isometric strength and 30-meter walking performance significantly improved only in WBV Cr group compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in isometric strength of the hand (P = 0.89) and tandem gait test results among the groups (P = 0.25)..ConclusionsA short-term WBV exercise improves isotonic strength of the leg muscle and dynamic balance, while creatine supplementation with and without WBV training increases isometric strength of the leg muscle and mobility in elderly women..Keywords: Balance, Creatine, Elderly Women, Mobility, Muscle Strength, Vibration
-
Page 6BackgroundChronological aging is associated with a decrease in physical activity levels and consequently a decline in physical fitness, which may contribute to adverse conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity and physical impairment..ObjectivesThis study sought to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity intervention program on nutritional status and health-related physical fitness among Thai older adults..MethodsFifteen healthy elderly volunteers (aged 60 - 75 years) completed an 8-week physical activity intervention that comprises a nine matrices exercise (NME) program (5 sessions per week of 30 - 60 minutes). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks, and included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and health-related physical fitness tests (6-minute walk, chair sit-and-reach, arm curl, back scratch, chair stand and 8-ft up and go). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test..ResultsOver an 8-week intervention study, participants significantly improved their weight (%∆ = -2.5, P 0.05)..ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that an 8-week NME program represents an effective strategy for improving nutritional status and health-related physical fitness in elderly Thai people..Keywords: Physical Fitness, Nine Matrix Exercise, Health, Aging
-
Page 7BackgroundThe risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is higher in female soccer players than in male soccer players. The most common reason for non-contact ACL injury has been found to be a cutting or stopping maneuver combined with deceleration and landing from a jump. In a previous study, there was no difference in the incidence of ACL injury between offensive and defensive players and in the risk of ACL injury between goalkeepers and other players. Recently studies reported that the most frequent injury situation was pressing in male players. However, the most common type of situation associated with ACL injury in female soccer players has not been clarified..ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to identify the most common type of situation associated with ACL injury in female soccer players..MethodsWe handed out questionnaires to 80 female soccer players with a history of ACL injury (90 ACL injuries). The players were asked about the injury characteristics, injury circumstance, maneuver being performed when the injury occurred, and playing type associated with the injury. The players responded to the questionnaire under the guidance of the medical staff of each team..ResultsThe 80 female soccer players reported a total of 90 ACL injuries during soccer. Among 55 non-contact injuries, 29 (55%) occurred during a cutting maneuver and 22 (44%) occurred during pressing. On assessing the frequency distributions of playing type (pressing vs. others) and body contact (contact vs. no contact), we found that non-contact injuries at pressing were significantly more common than contact injuries at pressing (odds ratio: 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 - 8.25, P = 0.036).ConclusionsACL injury often occurs as non-contact injury during pressing at the time of defense, regardless of the playing area, in female soccer players..Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Soccer, Female, Pressing
-
Page 8BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis..ObjectivesOur objective was to investigate the potential of a probiotic as a treatment for S. aureus-induced infection following fracture fixation in a rat model..MethodsFifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups (Control, S. aureus, S. aureus 燧⚱ꉷ, S. aureus once weekly probiotic, and S. aureus twice weekly probiotic). Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (ATCC: 39392) was selected from eight strains of probiotic bacteria with anti-staphylococcal activity. Infection was induced by inoculation with106 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus in a closed femur fracture model stabilized with an intramedullary pin. Three weeks after the surgery, the development of infection and response to the therapy was documented using radiographs, microbiological and histopathological analysis..ResultsNo bacteria were recovered from rats in the Control group. The analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the CFU/femur (PConclusionsParenteral administration of viable L. casei inhibits S. aureus-induced infection as shown by the bacteriologic analysis, but makes no difference to the radiological union rates. This could be the first step towards developing an effective, biologic adjunctive therapy for the management of osteomyelitis following fracture fixation..Keywords: Osteomyelitis, Fracture, Staphylococcus aureus, Probiotic, Lactobacillus casei
-
Page 9BackgroundThe effectiveness of L-carnitine supplementation has been met with conflicting findings when used by sedentary and athletic adults..ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the acute effects of L-carnitine supplementation on aerobic metabolic efficiency and lipid profiles in sedentary and athletic men..MethodsFifteen sedentary (20.4 ± 1.5 years) and 15 athletic (21.5 ± 2.4 years) men were studied in durations of control, placebo intake and 2 g of L-carnitine supplementation. Lipid profiles, including triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), were determined before and 40 min after either the placebo or L-carnitine intake. Oxygen consumption (direct VO2), ventilatory threshold (VT), and running time (RT) were recorded after a submaximal treadmill exercise test..ResultsDirect VO2 increased significantly at 80% of maximal heart rate after L-carnitine supplementation in both athletic and sedentary men, whereas, a statistical increase in VT and RT occurred only after L-carnitine use in athletes, when compared to the control and placebo subjects. The sedentary group showed no changes in lipid parameters, but triglyceride levels reduced significantly in the athletes after consuming L-carnitine..ConclusionsAcute L-carnitine supplementation possibly affects exercise performance and triglycerides in athletes rather than sedentary men..Keywords: L, carnitine, VO2, Running Time, Lipids, Athletics, Sedentary
-
Page 10BackgroundStudies reporting prevalence of shoulder pain in competitive archery are limited. The purpose of this study was to document the features of shoulder injuries and determine the prevalence of shoulder pain in Indian competitive archers..MethodsA cross sectional survey of 156 archers (M = 91, F = 65) mean age = 20.27 ± 2.31 (range 15 - 28 years) was conducted during All India Inter University Archery Tournament 2013. Study consisted of two parts - schedule interview and clinical examination of both shoulders. t test, odds ratio and cross tabulation with chi square (χ2) test were the tool of statistical analysis..ResultsThe point and lifetime prevalence of shoulder pain was 54.4 %.( n = 85) and 82.69% (n = 129) respectively. 64.74% archers (n = 101) had experienced recurrent shoulder pain. Positive Hawkins- Test (80.00%), Speeds Test (60.00% ), lift off test (51.76%), painful resisted isometric supraspinatus contraction (58.1%), and apprehension relocation test (42.35%) were common clinical findings observed in archers with current shoulder pain. The Occurrence of current shoulder pain was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with previous injury (OR = 2.57) and young age (OR = 2.13) but not with extrinsic risk factors. Shoulder pain interfered with execution of sporting activity in 20% of archers..ConclusionsOccurrence of shoulder pain in the game of archery is common. Majority of archers with current shoulder pain were found afflicted with overuse injuries affecting supraspinatus, long head of biceps and subscapularis muscle possibly due to secondary impingement..Keywords: Shoulder Pain, Archery, Prevalence
-
Page 11BackgroundChanges in oxidative stress in response to vigorous exercise is of prime importance. In this area, the changes of catalase activity and glutathione reductase are very important. However, the results of the activity of antioxidants, particularly in erythrocytes, are not unified. Football is a heavy exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing the effects of Copenhagen football test on the glutathione reductase and catalase activity..MethodsThe participants included 44 female football players. To control menstrual cycle, participants were selected through interviews from different teams. None of the participants had symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, and they all were in perfect health. Participants were divided into 2 groups of Copenhagen football test (n = 22) and regular football exercises (n = 22). Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise session. The catalase activity and glutathione reductase levels were measured in erythrocytes..
Results andConclusionsThe analysis of covariance revealed that catalase activity significantly decreased in the Copenhagen football test group after the assessment compared to regular football exercises group. Meanwhile, the glutathione reductase values significantly increased (PKeywords: Antioxidant Defenses, Redox Regulation, Free Radicals, Intense Exercise -
Page 12BackgroundReconstruction surgery is one of the treatment methods after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury especially in athletes. Reconstructed ACL is associated with altered joint biomechanics, abnormal muscle strength, gait disorder and decreased athletic performance. Abnormal walking pattern has been shown to be one of the functional consequences of ACL reconstruction..ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters after ACL reconstruction using Zebris ultrasound movement analysis system..MethodsA sample of convenience including 20 healthy athletes and 20 athletes 4 to 6 months after ACL reconstruction participated. Subjects walked on a treadmill for one minute at preferred, high and low speeds and kinematic and spatio - temporal parameters including stride time, stride length, maximum knee flexion, maximum knee flexion velocity and maximum knee extension velocity are calculated..ResultsIn the patient group, relative reliability measures for almost all parameters were high at low (ICC: 0.7 - 0.97), preferred and high speeds (ICC: 0.75 - 0.97). This was also true for the control group, were reliability for all parameters was high at low, preferred (ICC: 0.74 - 0.99) and high (ICC: 0.83 - 0.99) speeds, except for stride time of the left leg which showed moderate reliability. Additionally, at high speed, all parameters revealed very high reliability..ConclusionsZebris movement analysis system is a highly reliable instrument for the measurement of gait parameters at different speeds in healthy athletes and those after ACL reconstruction surgery. This implies its use in the assessment and treatment process of gait deficits in such a clinically important population..Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Walking, Gait, Reliability, Spatiotemporal Analysis, Kinematic
-
Page 13BackgroundThe fear of hypoglycemia is the strongest barrier when patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus consider physical activity. There is still a lack of information regarding pre- and post-exercise therapy adaptation strategies with respect to different exercise intensities corresponding to the three phases of lactate metabolism..ObjectivesThe aim of this experimental, cross-sectional study was to investigate exercise intensity-dependent, short-acting insulin reductions to avoid hypoglycemia, applying standardized exercises using insulin degludec (®Tresiba/Novo Nordisk, Denmark)..MethodsSeven male participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus were switched to insulin degludec. Intensities for the 30 minutes continuous cycle ergometer exercise tests were set at 5% below (A) and above (B) the lactate turn point 1, and below (C) and above (D) the lactate turn point 2. Reductions in short-acting insulin were applied as following: by 25% for intensity A, by 50% for intensity B and by 75% for intensities C and D four hours before the start of exercise and immediately after exercise. Blood glucose, interstitial glucose, lactate, catecholamines, cortisol, IGF-1 and glucagon were measured..ResultsNo hypoglycemic events occurred, but linear blood glucose decreases were observed: 2.01 ± 1.04 mmol.L-1, P = 0.35 (A), 3.00 ± 1.54 mmol.L-1, P = 0.48 (B), 3.42 ± 2.34 mmol.L-1, P = 0.40 (C), and 3.70 ± 3.36 mmol.L-1, P = 0.12 (D). Adrenaline, noradrenaline and IGF-1 (B, C, D, not A), dopamine (C, D, not A and B) and cortisol (A, C, D, not B) increased significantly from baseline, but not glucagon (P > 0.05). Interstitial glucose showed no post-exercise hypoglycemia..ConclusionsThe applied therapy adaptation before and after exercises was adequate to avoid hypoglycemia while using an ultra-long-acting insulin..Keywords: Glycemia, Metabolism, Hormones
-
Page 14Ultra-endurance mountain running has become extremely popular in recent years, and the energy cost is one of the factors that influence the final performance. The aim of this study was to determine if the energy cost of uphill running (uphill Cr) can be calculated from level Cr (Energy cost of running in mLO2.kg-1.mn-1) in a heterogeneous group of mountain ultra-endurance runners using the di Prampero equation, and if fatigue could change this relationship. Twenty-four male ultra-trail runners ran on a level and uphill (10%) treadmill at 60% of velocity at V O2max (velocity at V O2 max in m.s-1) before and after a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM). The mean performance on the MUM was 728 ± 117 minutes. Positive and strong correlations were found between level and uphill Cr pre-MUM (r = 0.84, PKeywords: Uphill Running, Energy Cost of Running, Endurance Mountain Runners