فصلنامه تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1390)

One of the most challengeable concepts in humanities is concept of “Civilization”. There is no agreement on its definition and orientation. In spite of much literature has been produced on “Civilization”, but everyone has especial approach. Some of them look at the past and realize civilization as a historical phenomenon. Some of them look at the present and realize civilization as a project. Some of them look at the future and think about the end of civilization. In the last group, some thinkers are worry and predict horror and savage and some other thinkers are happy about the end of civilization. Also, some thinkers define civilization as an ideology. In this article, we tried to glimpse these views and conceptualize from problematics of culture/civilization and interpret approaches of civilization.

This article studies the narrative of Iran-Iraq war(1980-1988) in three novels:”The Journey Towards 270 Degree” by Ahmad Dehqan, “No Watery, No Soil” by Ali Moazeni and”Scorpion On the Steps of Andimeshk Rail Road” by Hossein Mortezaeian Abkenar. In the sight of narrative theories and methods this study first illustrates the novels’ structures and superstructures in order to analyze their deep structures. Life and death, as the principal components of the deep structure, have been defined and classified based on analyzing the text, the genre of narrative and titles of the occurrences. In”The Journey Towards 270 Degree” life is the dominant aspect of the structure and content, versus, in “No Watery, No Soil” death and martyrdom are illustrated as the dominant aspects. Finally, in” Scorpion on the Steps of Andimeshk Rail Road”, neither death nor life are dominant, rather its narrative and structure depict a purgatorial aspect between life and death.

Playing right role of media in our country needs to examine the way of performing the announced policy by the Islamic republic of Iran broadcasting(IRIB) for the media production. The family is one of the attractive subjects between the films and serials. And the women in modern society need them to model their role properly in the family. This article which has been investigated by qualitative deep interview method with religious experts and media specialists wants to convey both the role of the presence of women among their family and the norm and the quality of their presence according to the Islamic values announced by the program Producing organization of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

Regarding representational function of media, the current dissertation intends to examine the changes in the representation of the image of the Iraqis in the Sacred Defense Cinema. Iraqies have been pictured as the "Others" during last three decades. Due to the importance and role of sacred defense and its cinematic representations of "Self" and "Other" and thereby its contribution in the process of reconstruction of Iranian national identity this research is aimed at studying represented images of Iraqies and its changes during last three decades. To reach this objective I first examined the concept and theories of representation as stated by Richard Dyer and Stuart Hall. Then to complement Hall’s theories I referred to other thinkers in the field of identity theory, ‘self’ and ‘the other’ as stated. In the chapter on methodology I’ve benefited from a combination of the patterns presented by Kate Selbi, Ran Kallory and Rolan Bart to analyze the texts.The findings of this thesis demonstrates that in order to depict the Iraqis in the sixties verbal codes were primarily used whereas in the seventies and the eighties social and technical codes were most used respectively.In the first decade Iraqis were portrayed as those people who are imagined to be cruel, inhuman, in which the emphasis was laid on the impact of the Iraqi’s invasion. In the second decade we see Iraqi’s depicted as dumb and fat people having thick moustaches and rough voices and in the third we see this portrayal to be transformed where Iraqi’s are shown to be our Muslim brothers who have been forced to fight in the war. Having observed, examined and analyzed the films, we found out that when facing ‘the other’, i.e. the Iraqis, the metaphor of the boundary or border was used. This border is seen between ‘self’ and ‘the other’, i.e. the Iranians and the Iraqis in all the chosen movies on the Sacred Defense. In the first decade there was an objective and real boundary whereas in the second we saw a transformation stage, where boundaries between ‘self’ and ‘the other’ were loose and shaking and finally over the third decade borders got utterly symbolic.

The aim of presenting this article is to study the origin of symbols so called Botteh and Jeghgheh in Iranian culture. Some people are of the opinion that the root of these symbols can be traced to an Indian plant called Botiya and as such link Botteh and Jeghgheh with India and its culture, while others believe that these symbols are purer Persian and existed in ancient Iran prior to the age and reign of the Sakas, and from here it spread to the other countries of the world.

Discussions on cultural intelligence construct prepare a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing international issues such as global peace and phenomena in the national level like social and economic development. The authors, in this article, focusing on one issue in this field, have tried to test a hypothesis which assumes cultural contacts can promote cultural intelligence of human beings or social groups. In the text, besides resenting theoretical basics about cultural intelligence and its fourfold dimensions consisting of motivational, cognitive, meta-cognitive and behavioral, the writers have specified a theoretical and empirical framework about the hypothesis on effect of intercultural contacts on cultural intelligence, the structural model was tested. On the basis of the result, the higher the level of intercultural contacts, the higher of cultural intelligence. Data of the survey among 396 sampled cases in the Isfahan city was gathered based on a quota sampling design by age groups, gender and living region of the respondents who had from 20 to 49 years old. Gathering data instruments were standardized scale of cultural intelligence introduced by Ang and Dyne and the scale which was designed by the researcher for measuring intercultural contacts with an acceptable level of accurate measurement. The result showed that intercultural contacts construct has a strong, positive and significant effect on cultural intelligence construct (). In a specific situation, Although, intercultural contacts has no effect on promoting cultural intelligence and even can be accompanied with cultural shock but in summation, the probability of positive effect of intercultural contacts on cultural intelligence is higher.

Cotemporary public law in Iran cannot ignore the elements of its identity in the past. Although analysis of public law issue in ancient Iran, the most researchers to be considered so it is not easy to speak about separation of powers, the part of the body of public law in the Iran primary governments but this article constants on hypothesis which with think and assimilation in history of ancient Iran which can laying the groundwork of strengthening people rights and limitation of authority's governors with emphasis on three periods of governorship on ancient Iran. for example Hakhamaneshian, Ashkanian and Sasanian. This article intent to clear haw can in these periods, the primary figure and foundation of separation of powers and functions division in body of previous governments of Iran to be observed.

It seems that Identity in one of most important element in social life, which could be the subject of new factors. In this case, the women have been being influenced by various factors in order to finding their own Gender Identity in recent years. The position and situation of today's women is so different from which used to be in the past. The society and the women both have more acceptable vision about women's gender identity toward moderating. One of the efficacious element of this changing is the mass media especially Internet. This literature will discuss about the definition of Identity and its relation with gender after the introduction, then the elements of the Identity in relation with the mass media. The bulls eye of this literature is to deliberate the gender Identity of women and its relation with the mass media especially Internet.