فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 32، تابستان 1395)

he article investigates the factors in policies and executive programs affecting on performance of ýIranian knowledge based firms (KBFs). In recent years, creation and improving performance of ýKBFs are increasingly considered by policymakers and executive managers. KBFs are often ýconsidered as a desirable vehicle for transferring knowledge & technologies and also, ýcommercialization of university results. To move the research along, we examine the policies and ýdocuments of some countries, study related papers and books, conducted semi-structured in-depth ýinterviews and Delphi technique to highlights factors and related criteria in policies and executive ýprograms affecting the performance of KBFs. We find set of factors including institutional, ýfinancial, market, cultural, human, networking, informational, social-environment, geographical- ýenvironment, international relations and physical infrastructure factors that exist in policies and ýexecutive programs that affecting KBFs performance. Furthermore, we synthesize findings from ýthese results to a model. The factors and their related criteria and the final version model of this ýstudy adopted with Iran conditions, so it can be useful for policy-makers, academics, strategists and ýplanners in the field of knowledge based firms.ý

Nowadays, innovation is one of the most important factors for a business to survive. Due to rapid changes and short life cycle of technology in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies, considerable attention is given to innovation. This study aims to identify and rank the impact factors on open innovation success in ICT firms. This practical research is quantitative and uses the Delphi method. By review the related literature, 11 factors and 57 indicators are recognized relevant for ICT firms in Iran. Statistical population includes 24 ICT and innovation expertise which are selected based on nonprobability and purposive sampling method and the education and professional experience. Questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale used for data collection and Kendall’s W nonparametric test used for data analysis according to Delphi method by means of SPSS18 as statistical software. As the result, factors are ranked based on impact on open innovation success in ICT firms. In the second round, the value of “Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance” was 0.719 which demonstrates complete convergence between panel members and meets the stop criterion of Delphi rounds. Considering the ranks of internal indicators of factors, suggestions for improving rank and performance of indicators are proposed in order to promote open innovation approach in ICT firms.

This research, which is practical and descriptive-correlational in terms of purpose and data collection, respectively, evaluates the effect of intellectual capital on the Process of Technological Entrepreneurship (PTE). The research population includes the managers and experts working in the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, which are 375 individuals. Using stratified sampling method and Cochran’s formula, 190 individuals were selected. Data analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) software, Smart PLS, was performed. The results show the significantly positive effect of intellectual capital and its dimensions (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) on the PTE. It was concluded that intellectual capital is a potential source of competitive advantage which ultimately results in the growth and development of these companies and improvement of their PTE.

Paying attention to finance and financial marketing tools could significantly contribute to resolution of financial problems of the firms and avoid their bankruptcy. Following the review of previous works in the field of marketing and its application in financing, as well as conducting semi-structured interviews, firstly marketing elements for financing were identified and then marketing strategies for financing were developed accordingly. The approach of the study is qualitative. Narrative analysis method and semi-structured interviews were employed based on the 5w1h to document the narratives of interviewees in order to achieve the study goal. The findings were ultimately categorized and analyzed using Atlas ti software package. The statistical population was composed of senior executives of growth-stage companies of food industry in Tehran province and a sample size of 12 managers was selected by convenience sampling technique. Data coding was conducted in three stages: primary, secondary, and selective coding. Study results distinguished different marketing strategies for financing such as investment development, protecting current investors and retreating in investment; as well as the marketing actions based on three element of financial marketing such as marketing mix, market segmentation and differentiation.

This research aims to design the Portfolio Entrepreneurship Model and to analyze the effect of social capital, prior experience and knowledge, the entrepreneur’s financial resources, as well as human capital on portfolio entrepreneurship and also to investigate the effect of portfolio entrepreneurship on recognition of new opportunities, as well as business growth and development. The research population includes all the portfolio entrepreneurs in Isfahan which their number is approximately 280. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The tool for data gathering was a questionnaire, compiled by the researchers, and its validity and reliability was confirmed. The results show that social capital, prior knowledge and experience, and the entrepreneur’s available resources have positive and significant impacts on portfolio entrepreneurship and portfolio entrepreneurship has a positive and significant impact on business growth and development, and opportunity recognition.

Entrepreneurs in starting and managing a business are facing variety of challenges. Business coaches can help to entrepreneurs on facing business challenges and obstacles. This study aimes to identify the competencies required of business coaches. The population includes all business coaches who are working in Isfahan province. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of this study showed that "having deep experience in business", "experience and familiarity with the business challenges ", "planning activities, landscape design and development of objectives", " good knowledge of coachee context "," power analysis problems, "" create formal job contract "," create and maintain a communication network with coaches and business experts to share ideas, knowledge and experiences "," awareness to the latest trends and changes in the business environment, "aligning the expertise and experience of the players in the field of activity and the needs of the entrepreneur or business owner," "motivating, energizing and promising", are indicators that most important competencies that needs more attention and development. Finally, strategies to improve different aspects of this competencies for the business coaches, have been proposed.

According to the importance of entrepreneurship, as an engine of economic growth, recognizing the factors that influence business performance is of paramount important. Since entrepreneurship is a cognitive process and fear affects it, the present study explores the effect of entrepreneur s’ perceived fear on their personal and business performance. The research is applied in intend and employs descriptive-correlative method. The statistical population of the article includes the entrepreneurs of small manufacturing firms in Gonabad County. By referring to Industries and Mines Organization 147 entrepreneurs were identified among whom 105 individuals were randomly selected based on Morgan’s Table. Data was gathered through Likert scale questionnaires and was tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL software. The results indicated that there were negative direct relationships between fear of work/social stress, fear of not having enough personal and business performance. There was positively a direct relationship between fear of death/danger and personal and business performance. There was not a significant relationship between the other types of fear and performance.

Entrepreneurship is one of the key requirements for economic development. So determinants of the development of entrepreneurial activities has always been of interest to researchers. Economic freedom and reducing the size of government is to foster entrepreneurship as substrates. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of economic freedom on the development of entrepreneurial activities. For this purpose, a sample of 50 countries over the period 2014-2004 has been chosen and the approach of dynamic panel generalized method of moments(GMM) is used. To achieve reliable results, the two indicators measuring economic freedom the Fraser Institute and the Heritage Foundation, and also two indicators measuring entrepreneurship Word Bank and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) have been used. The results show that economic freedom creates a good platform for the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. Effect of other factors indicate show that human development (education, health and GDP per capita), effectiveness of government and attracting foreign direct investment is also have positive and significant impact on the development of entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, paving the way for the development of entrepreneurial activity, , must barriers to starting a business, such as the time required for obtaining the license and bureaucracy to be remove. Reducing restrictions on financial markets and monetary, trade and investment can also enhance entrepreneurship. Reducing government presence in the economy and the commitment to property rights as well as control of corruption and transparency are other crucial.

The present study is performed to investigate the effect of absorptive capacity on corporate entrepreneurship and innovative performance in Isfahan Science and Technology Town’s Companies. This study is practical in purpose and is a distractive survey one the form research methodology perspective and the statistical population was Isfahan Science and Technology Town’s Companies. A sample of 144 companies was selected through the Morgan sampling table. In order to collect the research data 3 standardized questioners have been employed. The research data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the Smart-PLS. The results show that there is a direct and significant relation between assumed factor and corporate entrepreneurship and innovative performance but the direct effect of absorptive capacity on innovative performance does not approved .In other words, it can be concluded that increasing the absorptive capacity, necessarily does not affect on innovative performance directly.