فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1396)

In recent years, concepts such as creative and entrepreneurial cities have been identified as the key to solving multiple urban problems such as unemployment, migration, delinquency, and so on. But it is obvious that the realization and development of these concepts is not possible without the agility style of governance, which gives urban and urban challenges an innovative and entrepreneurial response. Therefore, the present study uses a qualitative approach and uses the theme analysis strategy to identify the components of urban entrepreneurial governance realization. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is classified as descriptive in terms of collecting data. The research community consists of experts and authorities of the city, entrepreneurs and experts in the organizational structure who are in Tehran. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Also, for analyzing data, two open and axial encoding steps are performed using Atlas Atlas software. According to the results, the main components of urban entrepreneurial governance in the seven main categories are: positioning, agility, integration, decentralization, participatory, law-governed and accountable.

EElementary school is important and crucial in life. As the perceived values are maintained before twenty years old, entrepreneurship education is more important in elementary schools so content of entrepreneurship education should be consistent with students’ needs and capability. To this, many countries through long and short term planning implement entrepreneurship education in formal and informal schools program. This research was done with the aim of identifying the content of entrepreneurship education in elementary schools in order to improve their entrepreneurial attitude with a qualitative approach based on in-depth interview with 9 academic experts and 2 practical experts. Findings present appropriate concepts in entrepreneurship education in elementary schools in 5 dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude including desire to achievement, personal control, creativity and innovation, self-esteem and opportunity recognition. These results help policy makers and experts in entrepreneurship education and organizers of these programs for children to provide the appropriate contents.

In the present study, two new bibliometric techniques named RPYS and RPYS-CO have been used to identify evolutionary and historical trends of research in entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the influential works and scientists in the evolution of this field have been analyzed from the perspective of bibliographic data. This research is applied in terms of goal, and is descriptive in terms of data gathering. The statistical population of this paper includes 13723 articles published in the field of entrepreneurship. Data were gathered from Web of Science. After retrieving and extracting all references in the articles, they were analyzed using CRExplorer software. Results showed that in the period from 1700 to 2016, there are 18 historical peaks in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on the findings, the most influential works in the periods under review are “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” by Adam Smith (1776), Marshall's “Principles of Economics” (1890), and “The Theory of Economic Development” by Schumpeter in 1934. The results showed that the process of information exchange in the course of evolution in the field of Entrepreneurship is mainly done through the book channel.

Student entrepreneurship talent management in higher education institutions is one of the goals of universities to create an entrepreneurial university. The main purpose of this research is to design a student entrepreneurship talent management model in higher education institutions of the country with a grounded approach. The research method is based on objective, fundamental and qualitative information gathering and has been done using the data theory method of the grounded. In this research, using purposeful sampling and snowball techniques, 18 professors and entrepreneurs from universities of the country with entrepreneurial experience in universities conducted in-depth interviews, and then the data were obtained through coding Open, axial and selective, analyzed. The paradigm pattern of student entrepreneurship talent management from the causal conditions(individual factors, organizational and transactional factors),bed factors(upstream and downstream documentation), the pivotal category of multidimensional architecture of entrepreneurial talents(multifaceted skills balance, talent distinction, and talent-driven structure)Interventive variables (entrepreneurship culture, sustainability of the existing system of discovery of talents and social responsibility), strategies (institutionalization of student entrepreneurship talent management system, designing a multiple entrepreneurial talent management process and designing a resource allocation system) and contexts (employment generation, value of A Rainey and entrepreneurial talents of competitive advantage) for universities, are research results.

The purpose of this research is to identify integrated content of entrepreneurship curriculum for sixth grade of elementary school. For this purpose, entrepreneurship is broken down into knowledge, skill, and attitude. Qualitative approach is used for gathering data and statistical population in this survey is curriculum specialist and entrepreneurship and primary education experts who have related studies or experiences. Semi-structured interviews were made with these experts. Open and axial coding by Atlas T software is used for analysing the data. According to research findings, content and activities related to knowing, including familiarity with businesses, the concept of money, literacy, the recognition of new products; doing include: team learning activities, doing financial calculations, offering products, holding markets and entrepreneurial being including interest in entrepreneurial career path has been extracted from elementary courses.

Innovation is one of the key factors for start-ups success. According to existing literature on venture capital, venture capital funds and accelerators increase innovation level of firms in which they invest. The main goal of the research is to prioritize factors affecting on innovation of target firms. The research is applied in terms of objective and is descriptive-survey in terms of data gathering. Twelve extracted factors were prioritized by paired-comparison questionnaire of DEMATEL method. The Questionnaire filled out by 12 experts in VCs, accelerators’ advisors and coaches and experts of Iran’s VC society. The experts have been chosen by purposive sampling method. Finally, providing valuable information about related industry, cooperation and connection with players of related industry, informing about the existing threats and opportunities, are respectively labelled as the most important factors.

Entrepreneurs to promote their business affairs and various activities such as raising the required capital, attract and select qualified employees, persuade customers and suppliers for collaboration with their company with favorable conditions, needs the persuasion skill. Formally, Persuasion is a process where we are trying to motivate audience’s to change their existing attitudes and behaviors. Persuasion skill helps to interact effectively with others and play an important role in the success of entrepreneurs. Therefore, this study have attempted to answer the question: What are the persuasion skills of entrepreneurs. Using narrative research, semi-structured interviews, systematic approach and take advantages of coding, axis of developing persuasion capabilities in entrepreneurial veteran have identified. The data obtained by means of 11 interviews of experienced entrepreneurs and then through open and axial coding results have been derived. Finally, after the classifying categories, 11 major axis to development capabilities of persuasion identified and introduced.

Entrepreneurs are prone to lots of decision making biases like overconfidence. Overconfidence has major consequences in different entrepreneurial decisions. Entrepreneurial marketing behavior is one of the most important entrepreneurial characteristics. This paper’s main goal is to explore overconfidence in nascent entrepreneurs’ marketing behavior. According to this paper’s results whose data have been gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with nascent entrepreneurs located in Tehran and analyzed by a grounded theory approach, firm resources and firm goals, environmental tumult, optimism and self-efficacy are the main drivers of overconfidence, market-related and product-related decisions are the main strategies emanating from overconfidence and financial loss and financial profit are the main consequences of overconfidence in nascent entrepreneurs’ marketing behavior.

Entrepreneurs’ cognition in introducing Construct to express an effective business model is highly complex and different. There are many deficiencies in the literature of entrepreneurship science. The present paper addresses the personal constructs of entrepreneurs in the electronic business in Iran, in order to design an effective business model from their points of view. It is an applied, and the research method was repertory grid technique (RGT). 13 entrepreneurs in this area have been studied as the samples, by considering the saturation point. The data collection instrument was Semi structured interview. Based on the RGT with 5 elements of this grid, 13 individual repertory grids and a total of 346 initial personal constructs were achieved. By analyzing the content of these Constructs, a collective grid consisted of 5 elements and 37 secondary Constructs have been extracted and the validity and reliability of the interviews were approved. As a result, six separate clusters were obtained for the features of the effective business model of the mental structures of entrepreneurs in the field of electronic business. The model can have scientific and practical applications in the field of entrepreneurship.