نشریه عرفان اسلامی
پیاپی 13 (پاییز 1386)

The speech of Sheikh Ishraq is full of unrevealed secrets that are explained through illusions. He takes the followers of intuition philosophy to be like Plato, Zoroaster, and Hermes, and peripatetic philosophy assumed to be an introduction to spiritual experience. Thus, his mystical theses such as Red Wisdom, Simorgh Whistle, Western Nostalgic Story, Gabriel Feather Song, and the like are written in secret language, and the symbolism of "light" are extensively employed in his works, because he had intended to amass the Plato and Zoroaster philosophies into one single intellectual basis so that in this kind of contemplation attending to "allegory" is the key to understand the secret.In Red Wisdom, after asking an "Old man " about all those symbols explaining the procedures of spiritual evolution and behavior, he seeks the truth about the secret and the illusion. In his Simorgh Whistle thesis, all the mystical attributions and aptitude of Simorgh, especially those of Gabriel, altogether and in a secret language are attributed to Simorgh.In his story about "Abino and Simorgh", while talking to the old man; he points out to the secrets and illusions. In his thesis about "Western Nostalgic Story" he strives to find out the secrets of three theses of Avicenna.As a result, The intuition Philosophy is both the secret knowledge and unveiling the secret of the existence with a mystic to inform about the truth of the objects being intuitively understood through the "mysterious language."

Throughout the Persian literature wherever there is a discussion about love and wisdom, and their comparison, wisdom is introduced as something disabled and weak, while love is entirely dominant and strong. Ever since the creation of mankind, man has always discussed whether wisdom or love can direct human being about the way leading to felicity.The experience has always depicted that human being has sometimes followed his wisdom's and sometimes pursued his love's directions throughout his lifespan.Despite the fact that mankind can distinguish the whole good or bad things via his wisdom power, while saving an outstanding position for that, he finds out that wisdom is susceptible toward concupiscence and lust, and precisely that is why the most severe strokes upon wisdom have been inflicted by love. Throughout history the Persian literature has been the battlefield of the invasion of love into the territory of wisdom insofar as the belief that the outstanding force of love toward the never ending and infinite beloved, i.e. God, can cause human felicity, elevating man from the earth to the heaven, being the most essential means of obtaining felicity;on the contrary, wisdom is wooden legged and disabled.

The issue of province is one of the significant discussions of theoretical mysticism that has firm philosophical basis. In fact, it is the last stage of mystic's spiritual journey that they themselves have mentioned in their works and writings, such as self mortality, or position of effacing fame, or heresy of sights, or self monotheism and mortality of monotheism. Of course, the discussion of province in the noble religious jurisprudence and rhetoric has an extensive scope, and religious jurisprudents and rhetoricians have dealt with it from jurisprudence and rhetoric points of view. But province in mysticism is something different from the scope of the above mentioned disciplines. A lot of noblemen have strived to write theses on province for which the deceased great Mohaddeth sheikh Agha Bozorg Tehrani had pointed out to them in the 25th volume of his book titled Al-Zorriyah fi Tasanif al- Sheiah. What makes the most important discussion of the present paper is proving the fact that a lot of mystics have been impressed by Sheikh Mohyeddin Arabi as for a lot of mystical beliefs and theories so that even some of whom have restated the relevant theory in a different tone.The mystics referred to in this paper include Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, Attar Neishabouri, and Allameh Tabatabayee. In addition to the being stated, they are compared to one another two by two in terms of the above mentioned theory.

There is knowledge to take man to heaven, Not the civilization steel, but the mysticism Can manifest the body and soul for men.The present paper tries to demonstrate the mystic insights of the poet Shahriyar as well as his mystic and intellectual attitudes towards mystic behavior and evolution procedure out of a precise and meticulous study of Persian Works of Shahriyar. His heartfelt overflow of insights concerning mysticism and intuition is also revealed, so that it has been proved in the paper that in addition to his points shared through various poetic subjects, within the eternal borders of mysticism and knowledge, he has been able to reach to the acme of intuition, and by means of the divine spirits, his merciful bird could rest beneath the shadow of the divine bird. Eventually, he came up with this belief that:O Shahriyar, love lessons learn Lovers in mysticism school.

Salvation and liberty is the main objective and the culmination of the dreams and expectations of any human being. But the main question is what salvation is and how it materializes. Out of Islamic mysticism, the way toward salvation of mankind that is an eternal virtue through joining his beloved creator goes through Shariah and religious path arriving at the source of truth; this journey has no better souvenir than piety because it is the basis of the whole circumstances and positions and the supplement of the whole goodness and the means of achieving the desired felicity and perfection. The current paper endeavors to consolidate its objectives through explanation and the sublimed concepts of mysticism.

Monism, as a nea and entirely innovative implication, was noticed since seventh century. And since Ibn Arabi who compiled it with its roots and branches was accompanied in his name, but a survey through the mystical works of the early centuries of Islam depicts that in the third century monism was an indispensable part of the Islamic mysticism and was accepted by most of mystics as an indefinite principle so that they didn’t need it to discuss on the approval or denial of the issue. Monism that is stemmed from the Islamic religious principles, especially monotheism, has grown just like other Islamic scientific beliefs available within the Islamic culture and through the powerful support of Islamic scholars and mystics, and just like other scientific branches in the third century became fruitful and in the opinion of Jonaid Baghdadi elevated to its highest position. Now the fact that it was ignored up to the seventh century, it is due to the lack of weakness and cultural and scientific recession proceeding as far as to the most branches of the Islamic mysticism so that in the seventh century Ibn Arabi made a collection of the whole monistic beliefs of Islamic mysticism having other muslim's attention drawn to this branch of knowledge for which later on Jonaid had no firm representative or support in the world.

Devotion and asceticism have been one of the most significant features of different religions leading a lot of people to seclude away from the world and appealed toward monasticism. This has been more generalized in Christianity, but in Islam it has been prevented from expansion as ordered by Mohammad the Prophet. Asceticism and monasticism have been one of the proper means of mysticism emerging trainings. This paper endeavors to give an introduction to identifying various aspects of monasticism and mysticism in Christianity, illustrating that though it has been able to lead some individuals to self-made devotion; it has had some destructive social, religious, and political consequences.

Causality or special cause that accounts for a special link between the Almighty and any of His creatures was first proposed in Theoretical Mysticism.The current paper deals with the idea that how mysticism makes the relevant causality between the particles of the world and the Almighty while proving the cause and effect relation, and at the same time the universal need to various causes is a form of inherent dependency of the universe to God. Also due to the existing core and reality of everything, there is an exclusive link between any creature and that of God being intuitively understood by the mystic so that the link between other means and causes get discolored and God turns out to be the closest and even the only reality of any creatures. He has a direct and uninterrupted relation with His creatures, the secret relation of every creature that no one knows the secret but the Almighty.Special cause or causality could be discussed concerning the impressive name of God as well as theology after which different writings of mystics will be explained in the above discussion leading to the theoretical and practical beliefs of mystics.