فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1388)

The purpose of present study was to study student's social wellbeing and role of its determinant factors. To this purpose 384 students (212 boys and 172 girls) wereselected from Tabriz University by multi stage cluster sampling and completed Keyes social well-being questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results showed that there is significant difference between human sciences and technical science students in social selfactualization and not in other subscales of social well-being.Other findings showed that there is no difference between student’s races, parent education and socio-economic status in total social well-being and its subscales. Also results showed that there is not significant difference between boys and girls intotal social well-being and its subscales.

ADHD symptoms may affect parent interaction and family function. The purpose present study was to compare family functioning in mothers with and without ADHD children. Tothis aim, mothers of 29 ADHD children that have diagnosed by clinical interview and CSI-4 questionere, completed Family Assessment Device (FAD). Children were selected by cluster random sampling from Tabriz education organization. Comparison group was including Non-ADHD children mothers that matched with ADHD mothers group in age, family dimension (number of family member) and education level.Results showed that there are significant differences between family functioning of ADHD and non-ADHD mothers in problem solving, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and control dimension.

The study aim is investigating the effectiveness of group reality therapy on attitude toward smoking among male students. Population includes male students in first year of high schools in Tabriz, area 2.48 person were selected as samples via mono stage cluster sampling. In order to collect data, attitude toward smoking questionair was used. Experiment group received group realiting therapy one session every week, for one hour and Forty-five minutes for ten weeks. independendent and paired test were applied to analyze data. Results showed that the attitude of students who received groupreality therapy is significantly lower than the students who didn’t receive group reality therapy. Group reality therapy has effection attitude toward cigarette smoking in male students and it leads to reduce high positive attitude toward smoking.

In this paper, the validity, reliability and structure of Revised HEXACO personality inventory questionnaire which derived from seven worlds lexical studies of personality have been studied. The Revised HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI-R) consists of 24 personality trait scales that define the six personality factors named Honesty-Humility(H), Emotionality(E), Extraversion(X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience(O). This study was cross-sectional and involved a sample of 711 (302 men, 409 women) undergraduate students, from five universities includingShahid Beheshti, Isfahan, Tabriz, Kerman and Shahr Kord. All HEXACO-PI-R scales showed high internal consistency reliabilities confirmed to the hypothesized six-factor structure and showed adequate convergent validities with external variables. Also this studyshowed that the HEXACO-PI-R is valid tool for measuring different dimensions of personality in Iranian students. We recommend validity study of HEXACO-PI-R in general population.

The ability to attribute mental states such as beliefs, intentions, desires, and emotions to self and others, and to understand that other's mental states can be different from own mental states is called theory of mind or TOM. Other's behavior will be significant andunderstandable on the basis of development of this cognitive capacity. The basic element in theory of mind is perceiving intentionality of behavior and directedness of other's perception. The evolutionary origin of theory of mind is traced to primates. Theory of mind is probably an adaptive reaction to early social interactions (premack & Woodruff, 1978). In three last decades, many researches was conducted on the theory of mind development in normal children, neurophysiology of theory of mind in the brain and discovering involving regions in this cognitive action, the role of mirror neurons, and theoretical approaches. After broad investigations on the normal development of theory of mind, now psychopathology of TOM became centre of attention in disorders such as schizophrenia, personality disorders, autism spectrum disorders, Asperger syndrome,and so on. In this paper, history of TOM, theory of mind as an adaptive behavior in response to complexity of social life, theoretical approaches, stages of Tom development in intact children, cortical mechanisms of TOM, relationship between TOM and other cognitive abilities are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among extraversion, neuroticism, coping styles and subjective well-being. 419 students (167 male 279 female) completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI, John, Donahue & Kentle, 1991), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS, Endler, & Parker, 1990) and the Scales ofSubjective Well-being. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to assess the gender differences in personality traits, coping styles and subjective well-being and the relationships among latent and measuredvariables in the conceptual model, respectively. MANOVA results indicated that significant gender differences were found on personality traits, coping styles and subjective well-being. SEM Results indicated that higher levels of subjective well-being were predicted by higher scores of extraversion and lower scores of neuroticism factor and scores of emotion oriented coping style. Results also indicated that the relationship between extraversion and neuroticism factors and subjective well-being by emotion oriented coping styles is mediated. All of the regression weights in the model were statisticallysignificant, and model's predictors accounted for 85% of the variance in subjective well-being. The findings emphasize the need to recognize the role of personality traits and gender differences in predicting subjective well-being. Implications of these results arediscussed for health psychologists.

The purpose of this study was to test the proposed model for some precedents and outcomes of forgiveness in marriage. The subjects of the study were 492 parents of high school students (husbands= 245; wives= 247) in Ahvaz. Participants completed Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), Relationship Attribution Measurement (RAM), Qualityof Marriage Index (QMI), Batson Empathy Adjectives (BEA), religious attitude subscale of Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issue, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) And Symptom Checklist 90- Revised (SCL-90).Amos-7 project software was applied for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The tested model had a good fit. Based on the tested structural equation modeling positive marital quality was predictive of forgiveness both directly and indirectly through responsibility andcausal attributions. Moreover, causal attribution predicted forgiveness indirectly through responsibility attributions and empathy. Also responsibility attributions facilitated forgiveness both directly and indirectly through empathy. Besides, empathy directly predicted more forgiveness. Religious attitude were predictive of forgiveness bothdirectly and indirectly through responsibility attributions. Likewise forgiveness was predictive of mental health and aggression directly. The results obtained and the models presented in this study are discussed in terms of their therapeutic and educational implications on forgiveness.

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between epistemological beliefs, thinking styles, learning strategies with academic performance of Payame Noor University students of humanities. 231 psychology, education and social science studentswere selected randomly as a sample via monostage cluster sampling. Instruments included epistemological beliefs questionnaire (Schommer, 1990), thinking styles inventory (Sternberg, 1997), learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich, & De Groot, 1990).Students average was used as dependent measure. Multiple regression analysis and Pierson correlation was carried out to analyze data. The results showed that epistemological beliefs simplicity/ certainty knowledge and self regulated learning strategies were the meaningful predictors factors of student academic performance. Compared to selfregulating learning strategies, epistemological beliefs of simplicity/certainty knowledge had higher beta value. Other variables were not meaningful predictors. Even though, some of the variables such as epistemological beliefs of Fixed/ quick learning and legislative thinking style did have negative and meaningful correlation with academic performance, but they excluded from regression equation.There is a possibility that these variables indirectly affect academic performance through affecting other variables.

The aim of the current research was to study the effect of sad, anger and happy-induced treatment on attributional system of persons.It is hypothesized that positive mood cause more positive attributions than negative mood and anger cause more personal attribution than negative mood. 120 under graduate students were selected via stratiied random sampling from differentfaculties of Isfahan University and participated in mood-induced sessions included film and memorials. Then they were administered to Causal Dimension Scale (II) (Mc Auley,Duncan & Russel, 1992). To analyze data t-test for independent groups, Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance and inter correlations among variables were used. Hypothesises were confirmed. Findings indicated that people with good mood havemore positive Judgment about targets while in disappointed state they criticize unfavorable behaviors of targets, but even in this state they use less personal attribution rather than anger. Findings could be used to refute catharsis theory of freud,because anger lead to destruction of positive attributions (not catharsis) that enhance anger in spiral form.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ)-long form, in a non-clinical sample. 824 undergraduate students completed Young Schema Questionnaire. 671 studentsalso completed BDI-II, BAI, and GHQ. Principal component analysis with oblimin rotation revealed 13 components. Test-retest and internal consistency validity scoreswere acceptable. All 13 components were significantly correlated with BDI-II, BAI, and GHQ. The results of the current study are congruent with schema theory and also withstudies indicating that YSQ is suitable for measuring early maladaptive schemas. Farsi version of YSQ is applicable in nonclinical sample. Further studies are necessary to determine the psychometric properties of YSQ in clinical population.