فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 34 (تابستان 1393)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, self-efficacy and mathematic achievement. Therefore, using random cluster method, 202 female students in the first grade were selected from Semnan high schools. Data were collected using motivating strategies for learning questionnaire (Pintriche et al, 1991). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression method. Results showed that self-efficacy and self-regulation could significantly predict students’ mathematic achievement.Hence, simultaneous assessment of self-regulated learning and self-efficacy variables included important information for predicting mathematic achievement. Theoretical implications of the results were discussed.

The present study aimed to investigate simple and multiple relationships between social network size, general health and loneliness among students of Islamic Dezful Azad University. Therefore, 307 students (122 male and 185 female) were selected by random stratified sampling method and were assessed by Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as well as Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S). Data were analyzed by pearson correlation and multiple regression method. Results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between social network size and general health. Besides, there was a significant negative relationship between loneliness and general health. Also, results of multiple regression showed that social network size and loneliness were predictors of general health. In this study the significant level was <.05.

Many researchers believe that reasoning is one of the important aspects of science, which is helpful in scientific evaluation and understanding. Accordingly the purpose of this study was to prepare norm scores and determine the validity and reliability of Thorp's Reasoning Inventory (TRI) in B.A. University students. The sample was 300 students of Guilan Payame Noor University who were selected by random cluster sampling and completed TRI. Results showed that test reliability was. 73 by Kuder-Richardson method,. 88 by test-retest reliability, and. 63 by split-half method. Correlation coefficient between TRI and Wason selection task was. 61. Results of factor analysis revealed that the inventory had five factors, which could explain 56.16 percent of total variance. Also, results of rotated component matrix suggested that 26 questions should be removed out of 100 questions. Finally, research emphasize that Thorp's Reasoning Inventory is a reliable and suitable instrument for the measurement of reasoning among Iranians.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a set of characteristic symptoms (syndrome) that are characterized following exposure to traumatic events. Psychological treatments about PTSD consist of behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and hypnotherapy. One of the relatively modern psychotherapy strategies is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, in which the patient focuses on the lateral movements of clinician’s finger while imagining the traumatic event in his/her mind. It is believed that this method is regarded as efficient as other therapeutic strategies for PTSD or maybe more effective. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) method in the reduction of symptoms of PTSD caused by rape. Therefore, in a single-subject study with multiple-baselines, the therapeutic process was performed on 3 subjects. They completed the MCCP posttraumatic stress disorder and SCL-90-R questionnaires in treatment base-line stage and at the end of the first, second, third, and the last session. In addition, they completed the questionnaires after the treatment in the follow-up period. In all scales, subjecs scores were lower in the treatment stage than base-line.It could be concluded that the treatment based on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing has been effective in the reduction of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder caused by tape.

The present study aimed to predict alexithymia based on BAS/BIS activity and sensitivity sensory processing. Using random stratified sampling, 400 people (183 male and 217 female) were selected. They were assessed by BAS/BIS questionnaire (carver & White, 1994), The Higly Sensitivity Sensory Processing Scale (HSPS) (Aron & Aron, 1997), and Persian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The finding demonstrated that there were significant positive relationships between alexithymia and sensitivity sensory processing, low sensory threshold and ease of exicitation, and behavioral activation system. Alexithymia had negative significant relationships with aesthetic sensitivity and behavioral inhibition system (P<.01). It was found that Ease of excitation, low sensory threshold and BAS explained 76% of the variance of alexithymia. The findings emphasize the need to recognize the role of BAS/BIS activity and sensitivity sensory processing in predicting students’ alexithymia.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of positive and negative affects in job satisfaction and performance of the academic staff. Therefore, using stratified random sampling, a sample of 250 academic staff were selected from three state universities. Data were gathered through Watson, Clark, and Telgan positive and negative affect scale, Brifield and Rots job satisfaction, and Paterson job performance questionnaires. Results indicated that there was a positive relationship between positive affects and job satisfaction as well as job performance. In addition, there was a negative relationship between negative affects and job satisfaction. However, no significant relationship was observed between negative affects and job performance. Among the relationships between the mentioned variables, positive affects and job performance had the highest correlation coefficient.

Bilingualism is a familiar and widespread issue in current societies, particularly in Iran that has its own special educational effects according to study results. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect size of bilingualism cognitive-academic outcomes based on studies conducted in Iran through a meta-analytic procedure. In this study, the statistical population is concerned the available studies related to bilingualism cognitive-academic outcomes. Finally, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, quantitative results of 21 studies were analyzed. The combination of difference effect sizes between bilingual and monolingual learners showed that overall, compared with monolingual learners, bilingual ones were weaker in terms of cognitive (ES=-.27). This difference was observed in more than two-thirds of the primary study effect sizes. However, more detailed analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the two groups in academic indicators (ES =-.36) and about basic cognitive indicators such as intelligence, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (ES=-.10). Also, additional analysis showed that the greatest difference between the bilingual and monolingual subjects was in writing and reading than in math and science. Other findings revealed that type of language in bilingual learners could influence difference effect size indicators between monolingual and bilingual people.

Generalized anxiety disorder is a common psychiatric disorder. In recent years, several models have been proposed to explain the etiology of GAD, each of them have explained based on specific variables. The present study aimed to consider the discriminant role of emotion dysregulation, mindfulness, and self-compassion in women with generalized anxiety disorder and normal ones. Therefore, using convenience sampling, 30 subjects (15GAD, 15 normal) were selected. They completed Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Questionnaires (CERQ), and Mindfulness based Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Self-Compassion Scales SCS). Results showed that in women with GAD, the mean of self-blame and catastrophizing isolation, and over-identification were higher than normal ones. Also in healthy women, the mean of acceptance, positive-refocusing, common humanity as well as mindfulness and self-compassion were higher than GAD one. Results of discriminant analysis revealed that emotion regulation, mindfulness, and self-compassion could be discriminant variables in the prediction of generalized anxiety disorder. Consequently, these variables could accurately differentiate people with GAD and normal ones.

This study aimed to compare quality of life and mental health in patient's spouses with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and with normal controls. The study population consisted of patient's spouses whose husbands suffered from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive and were admitted to the psychiatric ward of Imam Hossein and Razi psychiatric hospital. As well as patient's spouses with schizophrenia who were in the association for the support of people with schizophrenic disorder and spouses of normal ones. Therefore, 40 patient's spouses with schizophrenia, 40 patient's spouses with bipolar disorder, 40 patient's spouses affected with major depressive disorder, and 40 normal subjects were non-randomly selected. They completed two questionnaires for the measurement of quality of life (SF-36) and mental health (SCL-90-R). This was a ex-post-facto study. The following results by descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Wittney-U) were obtained: There were significant differences in all components of quality of life between spouses of normal people and bipolar patients, major depressive disorder, as well as schizophrenic patients. Beside, there were significant differences between normal group and bipolar, major depression, as well as schizophrenic groups in terms of all dimensions of mental health. Hence, it could be suggested that psychological experiences of patients with schizophrenia bipolar, disorder, and major depression could influence their spouses’ quality of life and mental health. Also, regarding their different symptoms, each of the mentioned disorders could have different effects on spouses’ quality of life and mental health.

The present study aimed to determine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism and extroversion in panic symptoms. This study was conducted with a correlation method. Therefore, using multi-stage cluster method, 400 students were selected from University of Tabriz. They completed cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, NEO-FFI personality inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Data were analyzed by path analysis. Results showed that refocus on planning and perspective taking could negatively predict variances of panic symptoms through extroversion. In addition, self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing could positively predict alterations of panic symptoms by mediating neuroticism. Furthermore, acceptance, positive reappraisal, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, and perspective taking could negatively predict alterations of panic symptoms by mediating neuroticism. These findings have applied implications, which have been comprehensively discussed.

Obsessive compulsive disorder is the fourth prevalent psychiatric disorder, which has caused so much debate regarding its categorization in diagnostic systems, due to its specific and complicated nature. However, its behavioral and biological aspects have not been clearly specified. In order to study the relationship between temperament, character aspects and neuro-behavioral system, 288 students completed TCI-125, GW-120, and Padua obsessive compulsive inventory. Data were analyzed by multiple regression method. Findings indicated that there were significant correlations between novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, as well as cooperativeness, self-directiveness dimensions of character, behavior inhibition system and behavioral activational system and OCD symptoms. Also, harm avoidance, novelty seeking dimensions of temperament and cooperativeness, self-directedness of dimensions of character as well as behavioral inhibition system could predict different symptoms of OCD. Regarding the role of temperament character and behavioral systems in predicting OCD symptoms, it could be suggested that OCD has neurobiological basis.