فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1393)

The present study aimed to examine the effect of cooperative learning with learning styles on developing of social skills among first grade high school female students. The research method was design (Pre and Post test) whit control group. Terefore, using random cluster sampling, 124 female students in firstgrade of Urmia high schools were and were assigned in 4 experimental and control groups. They were assessed by Gresham and Elliott social skills questionnaire and withkin’s grouped embedded figures. Findings of two way analysis of covariance showed that the interaction of cooperative learning and cognitive styles was not effective in improvement of social skills, however, in the case of context-depended learning, the cooperative method was more effective than traditional method in the improvement of social skills.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between reasons for death and religiosity and anxiety, as well as to compare death fears male and female students. Therefore, using random cluster sampling, 230 students (male and female) were selected from different faculties. They completed questionnaires including Reasons for Death Fear Scale (RDFS), Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Religious Orientation Scale with Emphasize on Islam (ROSEI). Findings of regression method showed that subscales of fear of death explained 24% of the variance of anxiety. Findings demonstrated that fear of losing worldly involvement could positively predict anxiety. Aslo, results indicated that there were positive and significant relationships between religiosity and the fear of pain and punishment as well as religious transgression and failures. On the other hand, this study did not find any significant differences between female and male students in terms of various components of reasons for death fear.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of selfconscious emotions (shame-proneness, guilt proneness) and attribution styles in the prediction of psychiatric symptoms. It was conducted with a correlation method. Therefore, using random multistage cluster method, 165 undergraduate students from University of Allameh Tabatabaei. They were assessed by Test of Self Conscius Affect (TOSCA) Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) Data were analyzed by multiple regression method. Finding showed that female were more prone to shame and guilt and they used global and stable attribution style in unpleasant situations. There was a positive relationship shame-proneness between and depressive attribution style. Guilt-proneness only related with global-specific attribution style. Global-specific attribution style, shame-proneness, and internal-external attribution style could significantly predict general symptoms. These uariables could explain 20 percent of the total variance of general symptoms. Consequently, it could be suggested that shame-proneness, global and internal attribution style could predict general psychiatric symptoms.

Adverse moo effects such as depressed mood, anger irritability and anxiety are the most commonly reported reason for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptive (COC) pills. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare personality factors in women with different experiences of adverse mood symptoms associated with combined oral contraceptives and those who do not use. Accordingly, 236 people (123 women currently on COCs with no reports of adverse mood symptoms, 113 women currently on COCs and experiencing adverse mood effects) fill out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Findings showed that women with adverse mood effects of COCs exhibited higher scores on conscientiousness (p=.016) and neuroticism (p=.046) dimensions compared to COC users with no adverse effects of COCs. Consequently, self-report of adverse mood effects from COCs could be in flaenced by specific personality dimensions.

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between student-teacher thinking styles match/mismatch and students’s academic achievement. Therefore 150 students (93 females, 57 males) and 30 professors (3 females, 27 males) of Semnan University were selected using stratified random sampling. For collection data Sternberg and Wagner (1992) thinking styles inventory and Grigorenko & Sternberg (1992) thinking styles in teaching inventory data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression mothod. Findings showed that mismatching of student-teacher's conservative and legislative thinking styles could significantly predict students’s academic achievement. Consequently, it could be suggested that simultaneous assessment of teachers and students’s interpersonal variables (thinking styles) inclues important information for predicting academic achievement.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and perfectionism among students. The study population consisted of Naghadeh Azad University students. Using random cluster sampling, 431 students were selected from different fields of study (226 female and 205 male). They were assessed by short form of Early Maladaptive Schema (YSQ-SF) (Young, 2005) and Perfectionism Questionnaire (Hill et al, 2004). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results showed that there were positive significant relationships between components of perfectionism including concern over mistakes, high standards for others, need for approval, perceived pressure, rumination and early maladaptive schemas. Besides, there were negative significant relationships between organization, purposefulness and early maladaptive schemas. The results of structural equating modeling (SEM) showed that the proposed model fit well with the obtained data and perfectionism dimensions have been predicted and explained by early maladaptive schemas.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger management in the reduction of aggression and promotion marital satisfaction in patients with substance abuse. The design of this study was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. Therefore, among total population of men with substance abuse, 12 patients with drug abuse that showed high levels of aggression were randomly selected they were assigned in experimental and control groups (6 people in each group). They were assessed by Bous-Peri Aggression inventory and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Findings indicated that anger mangment group cognitivebehavioral therapy could significantly reduce the levels of aggression and increase marital satisfaction in the experimental group with the control group. Hence, it could be suggested that anger management cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective in reducing aggression and increasing marital satisfaction in men with substance abuse.

Inhibition of Return (IOR) as a cognitive inhibition function, refers to the relative suppression of orienting toward stimuli that had recently been considered. This function has an adaptive value in human beings (Wang and Klein, 2010). Regarding the core symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), deficit in cognitive inhibition is probable. However, results are inconsistent. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the probable IOR deficit in clinical sample with compulsive washing. This study was conducted with a comparative method. Beck Depression Inventory-version II (BDI-II), Obsessive- Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and emotional Inhibition of Return test were administered on 30 clinical samples with compulsive washing (20% male) and 30 normal samples (26/7% male). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was no deficit in IOR in compulsive washing (F=1.256, P>.05; Wilk’s Lambda =. 866; Y2 = 0.134). On the other hand without considering group effect, there was a significant difference deference between reaction times in valid and invalid trails (t=2.29; P[.05) that shows the general inhibition of return phenomenon in the subjects. This research failed to show cognitive inhibition deficit in clinical samples of compulsive washing, however, the probability of inhibition deficit is suggested in other levels of inhibition such as behavioral one. Other theoretical and experimental implications have been discussed.

The present study was designed with the aim of surveying the function of positive and negative emotions in the job satisfaction and performance of academic staff. In order to achieve the aim, a sample of 250 academic staff from three state universities was selected using stratified random sampling method. The data were gathered through standard questionnaires of Watson, Clark and Telgan (1988) positive and negative emotion scale, Brifield and Rots (1951) job satisfaction, and Paterson (1990) job performance. The results indicated that there holds a positive relation among positive emotions, job satisfaction and job performance and a negative relation between negative emotions and job satisfaction, However, no significant relation was observed between emotions and job performance. From among the relations among the above-mentioned variables, positive emotions and job performance held the highest correlation coefficient.

Intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance, negative problem orientation and positive beliefs about worry play an important role in Generalized. Anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) and lead to the development, maintenance, andintensity of GAD and OCD symptoms. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare of these cognitive variables among patients with GAD, OCD, and normal people. Accordingly, using convenience sampling, subjects with GAD, OCD and control group were selected (30 people in each group). They were assessed by intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire, cognitive avoidance questionnaire, negative problem orientation as well as why worry II were adaministered. Findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the study groups, at least in one of cognitive variables. The practical and theoretical implications of the research have been discussed.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between coping strategies, mindfulness and perceived stress and quality of life in patients with cancer. Therefore, using convenience sampling, 134 patients with cancer female, 73 male were selected from Tabriz hospitals. They were assessed by personal Information File, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen et al, 1983) Short Form of Coping Inventory for Stress Situation (CISS), Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C36) and Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003). Data were analyzed by stepwise regression method, Findings showed that mindfulness and problem solving coping as well as emotional coping could predict cancer patients’ quality of life, however perceived stress could not. Consequently, it could be suggested that mindful individuals evaluate stressful events with less stress and use more adaptive coping strategies in stressful situations especially they apply less avoidance strategies. Therefore, the application of mindfulness procedures enhancement and learning more adaptive coping strategies cold result in the enhancement of positive evaluation of stressful situations and lead to the improvement of cancer patients’ quality of life.

Developmental dyslexia is considered as a specific impairment in reading ability despite of normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities. Besides, it is regarded as one of the most common childhood disorders. According to recent progressive neuroscience studies and regarding that developmental dyslexia is a neurological disorder, neurofeedback training has been discussed for the improvementof dyslexic children. Therefore, the present research investigated the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Training (NFT) in Reading Performance and Phonological Awareness of Students with Dyslexia. This study was a single subject study with multiple baseline design. Six dyslexic students (in the third and fourth grades) were assessed in the baseline stage. Then, intervention stage (including 20 NFT sessions) was conducted. During the treatments, repeated measures were performed. Finally, follow up measures were obtained. Data were collected from the Mikayili reading (2005) and Dastjerdi phonological awareness (2003) tests. For the assessment of clinical evaluation and treatment effects, cohen’sd was used. Results showed considerable improvements in phonological awareness with a large ES, as well as reading performance. Consequently, it could be suggested that Neurofeedback Training could be phonological awareness and reading performance of students with dyslexia.