مجله پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

Political thought, from the beginning, has given an important role to teleological elements among distinguishing components of political systems. Difference in purposes and giving priority to them in the structure of various political systems has caused the relationship between security, justice, and affection (Problem) as the three fundamental purposes of the Islamic political system to be ignored. Therefore, we face the following question: What is the teleological relationship between affection and political system in Islam? (Question) The result of the holy Prophet (PBUH)’s policy was establishment of affection and friendship in the society and God has mentioned this issue as a blessing the holy Quran. In fact, bloody relations between tribes before Islam were replaced by affection. (Hypothesis) Thus, the present paper tries to present a teleological explanation of the position of affection in a religious system. (Objective) The theoretical approach of the present paper is historical analysis. (Methodology) The basis of the political participation of citizens in a religious society is not observing the logical calculation of gain and loss; rather it is based on mutual affection and friendship of citizens with each other. Realization of this purpose requires organizing social relations of the religious society based on three principles of equality, brotherhood and decreasing violence to a minimum. (Finding).

Legitimacy of government and trying to approve it is one of the important issues in politics. The present paper seeks to investigate the viewpoints of two great thinkers of the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas and Khwajah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, regarding the legitimacy of government; (Problem) an issue which has not been investigated so far. Since Aquinas was brought up in a Christian-European tradition and Khwajah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in an Islamic-Iranian one, the present paper tries to answer this question: What are the basis and forms of the thoughts of these two thinkers regarding legitimacy of government? (Question) This term, because of conflicting conceptual interpretations in the viewpoint of different theorizers, has gained different meanings and forms, as a result, the present article is an exploratory one and there is no hypothesis presented for it. (No Hypothesis) Therefore, the purpose of this article is investigating the interpretations of these two great religious thinkers without any evaluation of their viewpoints. (Objective) Research data are collected using library documentary methods and are analyzed in the framework of comparative method. (Methodology) Despite the significant similarity in the theoretical principles of Aquinas and Khwajah, because of divine principles, these two viewpoints are in opposing poles, thus, it can be said that conceptualization of the legitimacy of government depends on the ground on which conceptualization takes place. (Finding)

In the religious society of Iran, political training has always required qualitative attention to Quranic principles; However, in the contemporary religious atmosphere, dimensions of the dependence of political training on religious-based epistemology have not been seriously considered; (Problem) Also, this issue has not been placed under scientific scrutiny; Therefore, we face this question: “What are the Quranic principles of the epistemology of political training curriculum? (Question) The present article assumes that the existence of the capacity and dedication of the epistemology of the Holy Quran to political training of humans, if identified and acquired effectively, can help curriculum planners in order to set their decisions on political training based on real recognition. (Hypothesis) Thus, the present paper has been written to “explain the principles of the epistemology of curriculum for political training” (Objective) using qualitative method (analytical and interpretive) based on Quran studies. (Methodology) In the process of answering the mentioned question, relying on Quranic teachings, the results including the elicitation of the dimensions of concepts, components, and criteria of the principles of epistemology, its strategic outcomes and implications in increasing the quality the decisions of planners and experts for political training are presented. (Finding)

Though having a long history in practice, soft power, in the last two decades, has been raised in academic environments, perhaps this is why in Iran explaining the components of soft power and applying them to reach the best political and economic position of the region has faced ambiguities, (Problem) an issue which has not been paid serious attention regarding the outcomes of soft power in Iran, therefore, the question is: What are the components of political sources of soft power of Iranian society in the 20-year perspective document? (Question) It seems that the components of political sources of softy power are based on internal aspects more than external dimensions. (Hypothesis) As a result, the present paper tries to explain the elements of political sources of soft power of Iran in the perspective document. (Objective) The article uses analytical-descriptive method and proper library data collection to analyze the data of the perspective document and answer the research question. (Methodology) Investigations show that the political components of soft power include strategic culture of resistance, enjoying security, national adaptability, social capital and the like. (Finding)

With the emergence of Islam and after that, negotiation showed its importance in solving conflicts with opponents, however; there have always been disagreements about the capability of negotiation in settling down conflicts, (Problem) an issue which has remained significant due to the lack of attention to the criteria of a desired Islamic negotiation. Thus, we face this question: What criteria did Islam assign for negotiation between Islamic government and other governments in order to reach divine-human goals and ideals? (Question) It is assumed that: applying these criteria is not just for solving disputes or reaching an agreement; rather all countries can reach their goals based on it. (Hypothesis) The present article seeks to extract the criteria of the desired Islamic negotiation, so that, first, government officials consider them in the process of negotiating with other governments; and second, Muslim citizens be able to have a fair judgment about negotiations. (Objective) Reaching this goal is done through using descriptive-analytical method and interpreting authentic Islamic sources. (Methodology) The results show that these affirmative (Ijabi) and privative (Salbi) criteria result in the fulfillment of ideals and as a result they can be summarized in seeking honor, being wise, pragmatism, and finally, seeking justice. (Finding)

The seeds of Extremism in Islam were planted from their early years and with the emergence of groups like Khawarij, and gradually flourished. Nowadays, Takfiri groups, with extensive violent actions, have turned into the symbol of threatening extremism in the world and have created public horror through unprecedented terrorism; in such a way that in this regard, they kill most individuals and groups; (Problem) an issue which needs more research and investigations. The present paper seeks to answer the following questions: Based on discourse analysis, what is the impact of the interpretive system of Takfiri groups on their function? (Question) It is assumed that: superficial and selective interpretation of texts is the cause of the extremist function of these groups; (Hypothesis) therefore, explaining the reasons and roots of their violence merits attention. (Objective) The present paper, using discourse analysis (Methodology), seeks to explain that this kind of interpretation results in dual antagonism of the monotheist and polytheist. Antagonism results in corrupted society and system and consequently, these groups claim that they are after a pure society and system (Islamic Caliphate in style of predecessors) as the absent nodal point and hegemonize it through jihad against others and rejecting them; an issue which within itself creates violence as an inevitable issue. (Finding)

During the last 150 years, establishing the Islamic civilization has been a very important concern in the mind and thought of some thinkers and leaders of the Islamic world, although each of them including Imam Khomeini (R.A) has presented some issues in this regard and has enumerated some components for it, still its political necessities are vague, (Problem) an issue which has not been discussed yet and thus, the present paper seeks to answer the following question: What are the political necessities of the new Islamic civilization from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (R.A)? (Question) The present paper assumes that Imam Khomeini (R.A) has dealt with this issue in his framework of the pattern of Islamic government. (Hypothesis) This article tries to investigate his viewpoint regarding the political necessities of the Islamic civilization (Objective) using content analysis method. (Methodology) The paper shows that Imam Khomeini (R.A), considering material and spiritual dimensions of civilization, regards the Islamic civilization as the most comprehensive civilization and emphasizes the necessity of paying attention to Islam, the connection between religion and politics, establishing the Islamic government based on Wilayat al-Faqih, independence and rejecting the dominance of aliens, criticizing the western civilization and so on as the political necessities of the new Islamic civilization. (Finding)