Archives of Advances in Biosciences
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

In the last issue of the Journal of Paramedical Sciences, Abbasiyan, et al in their Original Article “Do the editors-in-chief of Iranian medical journals have a good knowledge, attitude and practice of plagiarism” showed that the knowledge, attitude, and the practice (KAP) of the chief editors of scholarly journals in Iranian Medical Universities located in the capital city is in high and favorable level (1.58 out of 2) [1]. I would like to discuss the probable false messages of such articles for science ethical managers in the country. For some years, every several-months or several-years a scholarly paper or news has been published to show the ethics situation of academic researches or publication ethics in Iran periodically [2-5]. Some Iranian scientists think these reports are unfair [6], and some non-Iranian reporters named it a scandal [7] ; and yet, facts demonstrate little improvements with regards to ethical situation compared with the past. I believe that accepting the already existing problems is the first step for resolving them. Although I agree with Ataie-Ashtiani [8] and others who think that some magnifications have been made on the special case of IR Iran, as Farrokhi stated, unfortunately there are some problems including the presence of misconduct and also unawareness about how to explain and excuse when a mistake is discovered [9]. As I mentioned before, although there are some defects in our laws regarding managing academic dishonesty [10], there are also other regulations and newly approved rules [11] for such issues. Such hopeful studies [1] and laws [11] shows some attainments, while I still think it is essential to create a national organization to evaluate and disclose all cases of scientific misconduct and frauds and declare their punishments publicly. If such an organization to monitor and evaluate the integrity of researches exists, it should have clear equitable strategy to approach similar cases with different scientific degrees or other types of official power or position. As stated previously, although there are some defects in our laws to manage academic dishonesty [10], there are also other regulations and newly approved rules [11] to accomplish.

In recent years, Crocin has been used for its pharmacological functions, such as memory and learning enhancement. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Crocin on total sleep deprivation (TSD)-induced amnesia in male Wistar rats. The water box apparatus was used to induce sleep deprivation followed by Y- maze task as an index of learning and memory (the percentage of time in the novel arm during the retention phase was reported as an index of memory performances). The rats were divided into 12 groups, 8 rats in each group, including four control groups, four sham groups, and four TSD groups. Each group received saline and Crocin at doses of 1, 5 or 15 mg/kg twice a day. The findings revealed that TSD for 24 h impaired memory function. In addition, the intra-peritoneal injection of Crocin at all doses (1, 5 and 15 mg/kg) did not change the percentage of time spent in the novel arm of Y-maze in sham of TSD, whereas it abolished the responses induced by the TSD groups. The findings showed a close interaction between the Crocin and SD. Based on the findings, Crocin seems to possess a modulatory effect on SD-induced amnesia.

Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies of human around the world. Millions of cases of cancer worldwide occur annually, which, if detected in a timely manner, are easier to treat and can be conveniently controlled. In 2008, about 1,384,155 breast cancer cases were detected worldwide, with about 459,000 of them deceased. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation.The BCL2 gene is an inhibitor of apoptosis that prevents the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and leads to inhibition of various apoptosis stimuli. Due to the importance of this gene in the apoptotic process, the level of BCL2 gene expression under treatment of Cisplatin and Centaurea Behen agents for 24 hours and 48 hours was evaluated in this research,using the Real time-PCR method. It is noteworthy that Cisplatin as a DNA binding agent may be effective in treating breast cancer;moreover, some studies have shown that Centaurea Behenplant has an antioxidant effect that can be a preventive factor in cancer. The results obtained related to Cisplatin showed that IC50 for cells treated with Cisplatin for 24 hours was about 2.91 mg/ml while IC50 for cells treated with Cisplatin for 48 hours was about 1.77 mg/ml. Similarly, results obtained related to Centaurea Behenherbal extract showed that IC50 for cells treated with Centaurea Behen for 24 hours was about 9.64 mg/ml while IC50 for cells treated with Centaurea Behen for 48 hours was about 7.85 mg/ml.Results showed that the expression level of gene under treatment of the Cisplatinand Centaurea Behenhas decreased compared to the non-treatment state, so this expression reduction showed a significant difference between samples group and control group .

The role of Bacterial infections as one major cause of occurrence of gallstones has been admitted. Campylobacteraceae family consists of Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Arcobacter genus have been identified as significant bacteria in the appearance of gastric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Campylobacteriaceae family bacteria in the gallstones of patients hospitalized in the surgery ward of Shahid Rajaei hospital in Tonekabon. Sample of gallbladder stone was collected form 36 patients. After culture in the BHI medium for the primary enrichment, DNA extraction was carried out and then, the presence of the desired bacteria was examined by PCR technique. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (21) and Chi-square (x2) test. Of total 36 samples of the studied gallstone, 3 samples (8.33%) were positive from viewpoint of presence of Helicobacter, 5 samples (13.88%) were positive in terms of presence of Campylobacter and only 1 sample (2.77%) was positive with respect to the presence of Arcobacter. No significant relationship was observed between type of stone and presence of these bacteria. The results achieved from this research show the presence of DNA belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family in the gallbladder stone, using PCR technique. These bacteria have an etiological significance in the formation of the gallstones. Therefore, more studies are required to determine the role of these bacteria in the formation of gallbladder stone.

Introdaction: Nowadays, antibiotic resistance is rising at an alarming rate. Essentially, one of the important ways for bacteria such as P. aeruginosa to survive in the presence of antibiotics is biofilm formation. In the current report, we have focused on inhibiting the microbial biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa through combining glutathione (GSH) coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ciprofloxacin (Cip). AgNPs were biosynthesized using Eucalyptus Camaldulensis leaf extracts and surface modification of AgNPs was done, using glutathione. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, and CHN tests. Then, 50 isolates of P. aeruginosa were originated from different samples of hospitalized patients from Sina hospital and 24 isolates were selected as a strong biofilm producer using microtiter plate method for further studies. Finally, the synergistic effect of GSH-coated AgNPs and Cip was investigated on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. The images of SEM represent the spherical structure of silver nanoparticles with a smooth surface. Also, the results of FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, and CHN of AgNPs before and after surface coating confirmed the formation of GSH-coated AgNPs. GSH-coated AgNPs and Cip at a concentration of 1/2 and 1/4 MIC had an inhibitory activity on biofilm formation of 87.5% and 83.4% of P. aeruginosa isolates respectively. This study illustrated that the combination of GSH-coated AgNPs and Cip has a synergistic inhibitory activity on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation.

Introdaction: Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis disease, presented in three forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral (kala-azar). The parasite, Leishmania spp, is transferred by the causative agent of the disease, namely the sand-fly. Accurate identification of sand-flies helps to prevent and treat the disease. This study was conducted to identify sand-fly species distributed in Birjand, east of Iran. Sand-flies were collected from different parts of Birjand city, Iran through using sticky traps in summer 2015. Captured female specimens were mounted and identified by specific keys. In this study, a total of 1480 samples of sand-flies were collected, out of which 945 sand-flies in areas were related to animal and 535 sand-flies in areas related to human. The most prevalent species, among 654 collected female specimens were Phlebotomus sergenti (22.17%) and Sergentomyia dentata (49.54%). According to the current results, the dominant species among disease vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis is the urban type. Because of the presence of Leishmania tropica, the city's health system must take necessary care to control cutaneous leishmaniasis.

ABO antigens and the glycoproteins constituting the blood groups such as Kell and Rh systems are the mostly focused blood groups in transfusion medicine. Their importance is tightly associated with the presence of natural isoantibodies, their protein structure, and immunogenicity. The aim of our study was to assess the distribution of major Rh and Kell antigens and the most probable genotype in a normal population of Qazvin city, Iran. This study was done on 1000 healthy people who were candidates for getting driver’s license. The blood samples were tested for Kell, ABO and major Rh antigens by standard tube agglutination method. Out of 1000 samples studied, the prevalence of RhD was 86.6%. The incidence of other Rh antigens i.e. C, E, c and e was 73%, 29.8%, 72.1%, and 95.9% respectively. The most common phenotype in the samples was DCce and the least one was shown to be CcEe. Kell antigen frequency was 8.2%. On the other hand, 91.8% of people were indicated to be negative for the Kell antigen. Taken together, the amount of the individuals negative for the Kell and Rh system are adequate to provide new policies for identification of these antigens for both blood donors and recipients.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of dementia, which gradually causes cognitive impairment. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is a complicated process performed through several tests and examinations. Design and development of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) could be an appropriate approach for eliminating the existing difficulties of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. This study reviews the current problems in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with an approach to the application of CDSS. The study reviewed the articles published from 1990 to 2016. The articles were identified by searching electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. Considering the relevance of articles with the objectives of the study, 29 papers were selected. According to the performed investigations, various reasons cause difficulty in Alzheimer's diagnosis. The complexity of diagnostic process and the similarity of Alzheimer's disease with other causes of dementia are the most important of them. The results of studies about the application of CDSSs on Alzheimer's disease diagnosis indicated that the implementation of these systems could help to eliminate the existing difficulties in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Developing CDSSs based on diagnostic guidelines could be regarded as one of the possible approaches towards early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Applying of computer-interpretable guideline (CIG) models such as GLIF, PROforma, Asbru, and EON can help to design CDSS with the capability of minimizing the burden of diagnostic problems with Alzheimer's disease.