فهرست مطالب

التیام - سال سوم شماره 4 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

نشریه التیام
سال سوم شماره 4 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 4
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  • Page 4
    After dental extraction and during socket healing, the epithelium migrates over the granulation tissue to cover the healing socket. This inflammatory tissue is recognized as a connective tissue by the epithelial cells, therefore, cellular migration occurs over its surface. Starting from the apical and lateral residual bony walls, the granulation tissue is rapidly remodeled to provisional matrix. Mineralizing processes occurred leading to the formation of woven bone that finally is replaced by mature lamellar bone. Different materials have been suggested to fill the alveolar socket following dental extraction. These materials should be biocompatible, non-carcinogenic and non-immungenic. Among them bone graft, that posses the classic osteoconductive property is widely accepted. Bone substitutes including allograft, xenograft, corticocancellous autograft, gelfom, collagenous membrane, absorbabale and nonabsorbable polymerized membranes, PRP, PRF,.. are being used. In the article different materials that are used to preserve the dental sockets and their applications will be explained.
    Keywords: Alveolar socket, Dental extraction, Biocompatible material
  • Page 10
    Excretory urography is one of the radiography methods using contrast media which increases the clarity of kidney Parenchyma and the urinary system and diagnosis of abnormal cases-if existing. The basics of excretory urography is injection in veins of a radioopaque contrast media which is soluble in water which as chosen can be excreted by the kidneys. Most of the contrast media have iodine, are soluble in water and can be excreted by the kidneys. The contrast media after injection circulates systemically in the body and as chosen is excreted from the kidneys. Excretory urography is used for several of the genitourinary injuries for example pain, kidney mass, kidney hematoma, kidney stones, injury to the urinary system, bladder diseases, complications after urinary system operation and etc. Urography is chosen first for the diagnosis of these injuries and despite other diagnostic techniques for example ultrasonography can not replace them. Excretory urography is better than ultrasonography because excretory urography unlike ultrasonography is a relatively accurate method of evaluation of the total and relative function of the kidneys and urinary ducts. To understand the diagnostic tools of excretory urography all its aspects for example preparing the patient, anesthesia, dose and speed of injection, radiography, method of injection, glomerular filtration rate, details of medication and side effects of the contrast media are evaluated in this article.
    Keywords: Excretory urography, Urinary system, Radiology, Kidney, Contrast media
  • Page 17
    In addition to joint replacement and internal fixation of fractures, arthroscopic surgery is regarded as one of the three greatest improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system during the twentieth century. This minimally invasive surgical technique was based on introduction and presentation of the cystoscopes from 1806; and afterwards passed the gradual advancement to reach the current complex instrument and techniques. Professor Takagi and his student Watanabe were named “father of arthroscopy” and “father of modern arthroscopy”, who made extremely effective efforts in designing, building and usage of the instruments and techniques. Shifting from arthrotomy to arthroscopy tremendously increased the success rate and decreased the complications of the joint surgery. Introduction of this technique to the veterinary medicine occurred in mid twentieth century after an arthroscopic surgery in a horse joints. Nowadays, this technique is being routinely used in veterinary medicine in horses and small animals worldwide, and has revolutionized the articular diseases diagnostic and therapeutic processes likewise human medicine. This article focuses on the history of arthroscopic surgery, the introduction into the veterinary medicine, different usages, advantages, disadvantages and complications.
    Keywords: Arthroscopy, History, Veterinary
  • Page 28
    Differenet causes can be affected the horse's musculoskeletal system during the growing period and at the start of training. Developmental orthopedic disease (DOD) is a major economic problem in the horse industry. osteochondrosis (Osteochondritis dissecans:OCD) is the most important form of the DOD due to high in horse populations that has an adverse effects on athlelic performance and costly treatment. OCD appears as result of disturbances in the endochondral ossification process that may progress and lead to formation of cartilage, bone or osteochondral fragments in joint spaces. Several factors involve in the etiopathogeneis of OCD. Arthroscopic surgery is the best method for OCD treatment in order to improve clinical signs and return horse to athletic soundness. Despite the possibility of treatment for OCD, it seems that prevention is the most important aspect of this disease to reduce the economic losses caused by it. This article reviews different aspects of osteochondrosis.
    Keywords: Arthroscopy, Lameness, Osteochondrosis, Young horses