مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 40، تابستان 1396)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Due to the particular health and social status, overcrowding, HIV infection and drug addiction, inmates are among the high risk groups for developing TB and transmitting the disease to the society. This study investigated the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates in Jahrom Prison in 2016.
Material and This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 613 inmates in 2016. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire, including demographic and specialized questions. Data were analyzed utilizing SPSS16 and through using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at α= 0.05 significant level.
Findings: All the participants were male. The mean age of participants was 31.85 ± 7.93 years. In terms of the length of stay in the prison, 44.7% were in the prison for 6 months, 25.1% between 6 and 12 months and 30.2% were in the prison for over 12 months. 31.8% were imprisoned for drug offence and 73.9% addiction. 28.2% had chronic coughs for more than two weeks, 18.8% had chronic phlegm and 2.9% had bloody phlegm. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among inmates was 326 per 100,000 people.
The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Jahrom prison was 191.7 times higher than the whole population of this city. Therefore, the effective implementation of an effective program proposed through the collaboration between the prison administration and the health department

Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms C / T1562- MMP-9 gene promoter with lung cancer were studied.
A case-control study was conducted. MMP-9 gene polymorphism in 100 patients with lung cancer and 100 controls were genotyped using PCR, RFLP and were analyzed.
The results showed that the frequency of CT genotype in this polymorphism in patients (60%) compared to controls (28%) were higher. (OR=3/69, 95% CI= 2/04-6/69, p=0/0001). In order to calculate the risk of metastasis, metastatic and non-metastatic genotype of this polymorphism in the two groups were compared. (OR= 1, 95% CI= 0/31-1/68, p=0/46). Also for the first time the relationship between polymorphism in cancer patients of different sex groups, sex and smoking showed that genotype distribution in groups, men, women, smokers and nonsmokers with lung cancer compared the control group showed no significant difference. (OR for women= 4/44 , 95% CI= 1/61-12/26, P=0/008, OR for men= 3/31, 95% CI= 1/59-6/92, P=0/002, OR for smokers= 4/45, 95% CI = 1/83-10/82, P= 0/002, ,OR for non-smokers=3/2,95%CI=1/42-7/17,P=0/006).
It seems that the polymorphism -1562 C / T MMP-9 gene increase the risk of lung cancer effect, but no effect on metastasis.

Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial agents are the most important causes of virginities. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis in women referred to health centers in Hamadan city west of Iran.
Material and The cross-sectional study was done on 862 women who referred to health centers of Hamadan. During vaginal examination, sampling from the posterior vaginal fornix and vaginal wall was performed by two sterile cotton swabs. The first swab sample was placed into a tube containing of Ringer serum for wet mount preparation in order to vaginal candidosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), and the second swab sample was used for preparation of Gram-stained vaginal smear. Candidiasis was diagnosed by observation of pseudohyphae and blastospores and BV was diagnosed by observation of clue cells and also with regard to Hay-Ison criteria. Eventually the data was analyzed by SPSS (version 16)
Vaginitis caused by bacterial agents and Candida species was identified in 104 (12.1%) and 73 (8.5%) of the 862 participants, respectively, by using direct wet mount and direct Gram-stained smear. There was no significant difference between ages, marital status, occupation, husband job and vaginosis. Statistically significant difference was reported between education and bacterial vaginitis (P=0.01).
Based on statistical analysis there are the significant relationship between education and bacterial vaginosis therefore increase of knowledge and awareness about the consequences of vaginal infections plays a key role in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Exercising induces various degrees of fatigue to the musculoskeletal, disorder in nervous and metabolic systems. Due to the need athletes to reach in normal circumstances, the recovery methods are very important. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore changes in creatine-kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) Levels in a variety of recovery following exhaustive exercise in elite soccer players.
Thirty-male soccer players in Azadegan League (aged 22/4 ± 2 months, height 179/1±2/63 Cm, weight 68/5±2 Kg and BMI 21/5±1/1) Completed one exhaustive exercise protocol consisted of 6 bouts of 15 minutes specific football exercise and 20 m Multistage shuttle run (Beep Test) level 7. They were randomly divided into active recovery, passive recovery and cold-water immersions for 15 minutes. To measure CK and CRP Levels, blood sample was obtained immediately, 24 and 48 hours after exercise protocol.
The results showed that significant reduced in blood CK and CRP Levels after cold-water immersion compare with other recovery methods. Moreover, CRP Level in active recovery group was significantly lower than the passive recovery group (P From the current results, one can conclude, that cold-water immersion is superior compared to passive and active recovery strategies after various exhaustive exercise protocols in elite soccer players.

Water disinfection by electrochemical methods has been increasingly carried out recently. The aim of this applied research is to investigate the removal of E. coli and S. typhimurium bacteria from drinking water by using Electrocoagulation (EC) - Electroflotation (EF) with Aluminum- Graphite felt electrodes parallel with the monopole mode.
An experimental study was conducted in a batch system. In this study, the contaminated water samples were prepared through adding of E. coli and S. typhimurium bacteria with concentrations of 104, 105 and 106 CFU/ml. Independent variables Included: different concentrations of E.coli and S. typhimurium bacteria (104, 105 and 106 CFU/mL), reaction time (5, 10, 15 and 20 min), initial pH (7, 8 and 9), electrode gap (1, 2 and 3 cm), current density (0.83, 1.67 and 2.5 mA/cm2) to determine the optimum conditions were investigated.
The results show that in the optimum conditions with increasing the pH from 7 to 9 removal efficiency of bacterial strains of E.coli and S. typhimurium were decreased significantly from 100 to 83% and 100 to 90%, respectively. In initial concentration of 105 CFU/mL, optimum conditions were obtained for current density, reaction time and electrodes gap; 2.5 mA/cm2, 20 min and 2 cm, respectively. With increasing current density and reaction time in both strains of bacteria, were decreased significantly. The electrodes gap do not have much impact on the efficiency of the process. The amount of electrical energy consumed in optimal conditions was calculated 1/8172 KWh/m3.