مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار 1396)

Visceral larvae migrant syndrome is a zoonotic disease which is transmitted to human through invasion of animal nematode larvae, mainly Toxocara spp., to intestine and their migration to other tissues. Little information has been published in this regard. The present study aimed to investigate the soil contamination with Toxocara spp. ova in public parks, elementary schools and kindergartens of Jahrom city.
Material and A total of 100 soil samples were collected from 20 parks and public places, 16 soil samples from kindergartens and 55 samples from elementary schools. Samples were investigated for Toxocara spp. ova by Sheather’s flotation technique. The probable correlations between rate of contamination and environmental factors were analyzed using statistical methods.
Toxocara ova were observed in 4% of the samples taken from parks. However, no samples from kindergartens and elementary schools were contaminated. Moreover, no positive correlation was detected between rate of contamination and environmental variables (P>0.05)
The presence of Toxocara spp ova in the Jahrom’s public parks, the large number of people mainly kids using these places, lack of public awareness about the risks of contact with contaminated soils and more importantly, the roaming of stray dogs and cats are known as alarming factors for authorities to take appropriate measures to reduce contamination in these places.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important reason of opportunistic infections. Resistance in this bacterium due to the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a special significance. The aim of this perusal was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) strains.
88 isolates of P. aeruginosa from a total of 499 samples, including urine cultures, blood cultures, wounds, pulmonary secretions and other samples, were collected from hospitals Zahedan in 2014. Initially, ESBL-producing strains and then resistant strains antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using disk diffusion method according to CLSI standards.
In this study of 88 isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained were beta-lactamase-producing enzyme 51 isolates. Of these, was more resistant to Cefoxitin(30µg) and minimal resistance to Aztreonam(30µg). Most of ESBL strains were separated from women and the presence of resistant strains and gender of patients admitted to hospital were observed. A significant correlation between the presence of different antibiotics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were found. Then, between isolates taken from patients in various sectors, types of customers and complying with isolated bacterium was not statistically significant(P≤0/05).
The high prevalence of multidrug antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, more accuracy required in prescribing and treatment of infections associated with the bacteria.

The KISS1-derived peptide receptor (KISS1R), as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), transduces a wide variety of extracellular signals into the cell and therefore has a key role in regulating cell function and physiology. KISS1R gene is located on chromosome 19p13.3 and its dysfunction is responsible for wide ranges of diseases including cancer and infertility. Infertility is an inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected sexual intercourses. It is a multifactorial disorder which affected by male and female factors. Mutations in the KISS1R gene is one of the most important potential causes of infertility. KISS1R has an important role in regulating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis that leads to regulate reproduction and maturation in vertebrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Tyr313His (rs587777844) polymorphism of KISS1R gene with female infertility in Guilan province. At first, the blood samples were obtained from 40 infertile women as cases and 40 healthy women as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) method was applied for determination of codon variation. Statistical analysis using Medcalc software (v 13.0) showed significant differences in genotype frequencies between healthy and patient groups (P-Value = 0.009). The distribution of allele frequencies between two groups also showed significant differences (P-Value = 0.0113). In conclusion, our study suggests that Tyr313His polymorphism of KISS1R gene may be considered as a risk factor for female infertility.

Hormonal disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in ovarian tissue causing anovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Catechin is the most important flavonoids from green (Camellia sinensis). According to the antioxidant properties of catechin, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of catechin on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA oxidative damage of ovarian tissue in polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model.
In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats were divided into 4 equal groups (n=6) of control (saline solution, 24 days, ip), non-treated PCOS (saline solution, 24 days, ip) and PCOS treated with Catechin (50 and 100 mg/kg, 24 days, ip). Polycystic ovarian syndrome was induced by single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (40 mg/kg) in PCOS groups. At the end of treatment period, serum level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, also level of SOD, CAT, GPX enzymes and level of MDA and HOdG-8 in ovarian tissue were measured by ELISA.
Compared to non-treated PCOS group, serum level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in groups of treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of catechin, dose-dependent significantly decreased, level of SOD, CAT, GPX enzymes in ovarian tissue significantly increased and level of MDA and HOdG-8 was significantly decreased (p Catechin is decreases serum level of cytokines, increase activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreases lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage of ovarian tissue in polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model.

Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the main causative pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antibiotic resistance based on Extended Spectrum -Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli strains is reported to be the cause of community and hospital acquired infections therefore this this is an important problem in public health. The aim of this study was to identify the blaTEM, blaSHV and CTX genes in clinical isolates of E. coli recovered from patients with UTIs in Zahedan, Iran.
Methods and Materials: Escherichia coli isolates (N=60) were analyzed by biochemistry and phenotypic methods. Each of the initial E. coli screening test isolate was investigated for the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gene-specific primers.
Sixty tested isolates; the prevalence of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes was determined to be 68.3%, 46.6% but blaSHV gene was not detected. Based on phenotypic tests, biofilm capacity was detected in 10 clinical isolates.
The results of this study show that the use of adequate doses of antibiotics in the treatment of infections may be caused by biofilms are emphasized. Rapid detection of biofilm formation, therefore isolates have the ability to decide care and management is necessary.

In males, testosterone via negative feedback mechanism regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin secretion. GnRH neurons do not express androgen receptor, therefore effects of testosterone must be mediated via upstream steroid sensitive neurons. Kisspeptin neurons considered as a missing link in the feedback regulation of GnRH neurons, however central effects of supraphysiological levels of testosterone are not well understood. Since kisspeptin neurons act as a main regulator of the hypothalamic GnRH neuros, the aims of the present study were to evaluate impact of abnormal levels of testosterone on kisspeptin expression in the posterior and anterior male rat hypothalamus. Three weeks following injection of different doses of testosterone undecanoate, serum testosterone concentration was measured to ensure that experimental treatments were effective to produce desired supraphysiological levels of testosterone. Finding results using qRT-PCR revealed that gonadectomy (GDX) remarkably increased kisspeptin expression in the posterior hypothalamus. However, in GDX rats treated with different levels of testosterone, kisspeptin expression in the posterior hypothalamus did not have significant difference with control. On the other hand, we found that supraphysiological levels of testosterone increased kisspeptin expression in the anterior hypothalamus compared to control. Therefore it seems that abnormal levels of testosterone affect hypothalamic kisspeptin expression differently with its physiological levels.

Establishment of new hospitals, incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases, increasing microbial resistance and the need for diversified medical services have increased the incidence of Nosocomial infections.
In this cross-sectional study, records of patients admitted to Jahrom hospitals in 2016 and diagnosed with Nosocomial infections were studied. An objective-based checklist was designed. Date were analyzed using SPSS 16 and by utilizing descriptive statistics and chi-square test at 0.05 significance level
The prevalence of Nosocomial infections was 32 in 10000 patients. The highest incidence of Nosocomial infections was observed in the NICU (342.1 in 10000), pediatrics (92.3 in 10000) and the internal ward (68.14 in 10000), respectively. The most prevalent Nosocomial infections cases in Jahrom hospitals included: Urinary tract infections (54.2%), surgical site infections (29.9%), pneumonia (11.9%) and gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) (4%).
Considering the numerous intervention measures in patients with Nosocomial infections, such measures should be performed under specific conditions and only in vital cases. Medical and non-medical staff should be trained to maintain personal and public hygiene. In existing care system, timely diagnosis, providing thorough care and reporting all Nosocomial infections can reduce new cases and their complications.