نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار و تابستان 1396)

Discussion about the dictates and consequences of each phenomenon is secondary to the understanding of that phenomenon, and understanding the phenomenon requires selecting an appropriate method. Organization as a complex and of course understandable phenomenon is not an exception and therefore its understanding requires choosing a method commensurate with that. Thus, it could be pointed out that the use of metaphorical cognition method in organizational studies and management is a response to this methodological need, because a metaphor is basically created to show the similarities between two phenomena through concreteness, reduction and conceptual simplification that can make the understanding of complex phenomena easy and accessible. According to this approach, various metaphors have been presented to explain the organization, each representing its provider's philosophical, cultural, sociological, etc. views on the organization. In this thesis we have also attempted to review the religious sources to answer this question, "Can it be claimed that Islam has presented a particular metaphor for managing the organization?" Our primary answer to this question is trust metaphor, hence an attempt to provide sufficient reasons to explain that Islam looks to the organization as a trust and then in the light of Koranic Verses and Infallible Imam's (peace be upon them) sentences we will also try to explain circumstances of trustworthiness and features of trustees and to express the impact of this outlook on managing the organization. These features can be categorized under three key concepts, namely, science, mercy and justice.

The goal of this study is to present a Quranic-based model for the organization. To achieve this goal, a conceptual model of research was designed. This model includes four latent variables. Each of these latent variables has its respective observed variables. On the basis of a conceptual model, a questionnaire for measuring the variables was composed. The statistic society of this research is higher education institutes in Mashhad. Altogether, 154 questionnaires were gathered. By using SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.50 software for statistical analysis of the data, the conceptual research model was approved by factor analysis, path analysis and structural equation.

Public policies constitute the key mechanism for achieving the ultimate objectives of national education. Lack of a solid theoretical foundation and functional coherence in these policies are among major challenges of the educational system. Undoubtedly, the quality of educational policies is based on the program theory of such policies. One underlying theory here is justice theory. This means that a kind of implicit or explicit justice theory is the base of educational policies.
The purpose of this study is evaluating the above-mentioned justice theory coherence using program theory evaluation method. The adopted model in this method is the combination of “logic analysis” model and “realistic matrix” model. The results of the study indicate that, in regard to the intrinsic elements of justice (need, effort, right, impartiality, equilibrium, equality and background), some weakness in theoretical coherence can be seen between two sets of educational policies, i.e. public and nongovernmental ones.

To increase advertising effectiveness, various techniques are used. One is the fear appeal which is mostly practiced in social and marketing advertising. This appeal by portraying the negative consequences of doing or quitting a behavior, leads to arousing interest in the person and directing him to the desired behavior. One of the business objectives for which fear appeal could be applicable is confidence in the future. In other words, by creating fear and worry about providing future needs, the advertising encourages the audience to buy the product that is claimed it could reduce the level of their concern. In the present article, we try to analyze the content of a TV commercial about an investment account which arouses concern about future. The level of this concern, however, is found to be not high enough. Based on these findings, some Islamic inhibiting principles and strategies for generating advertising messages that use fear appeal are presented. Three derived principles are: 1) the ban on creating fear and worry about future costs, 2) the prohibition of associating a product with concepts such as a guarantee for future success, treasure and real wealth for the future, 3) the ban on showing that future needs are definitely provided if the advertised product is purchased.

The new era we are in is characterized by features such as innovation, knowledge development, globalization and competition increase. As a result, organizations use all their power - human capitals are the most important - to win the competition. Some well-known consulting groups in recent years have gained organizations and researcher's attention in terms of talent management as one of the most important issues and challenges in basic human resource management. The issue has, therefore, received considerable attention among researchers and managers. Despite this, a lot of authors have pointed out some ambiguities in the definitions, scope and objectives of the area as one of its weaknesses. To resolve this ambiguity, several analyses have been conducted by researchers, but recent surveys have proved it to be insufficient. The present study by adopting a similar approach is to introduce a strong theoretical basis for building up different definitions of talent management. Thus, through implementing a qualitative research on former researches and using thematic analysis method and theoretical sampling, it has gained an eightfold category in terms of looking to talent. Finally, eight groups of definition for talent management are presented, which are based on the proposed categories.

Employees regulate their behavior according to their perception of that of managers. Besides, understanding the nature of employees’ perception of managers’ behavior is an unmatched source for the latter because it can help them improve their behavior. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring and understanding the behavioral components of managers that can amplify extra role behaviors of social workers in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation using the phenomenological strategy and Colaizzi method. To achieve qualitative data, purposive sampling was used. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 31 social workers to achieve theoretical saturation and were analyzed by using the Colaizzi seven-step method. Finally, nine themes were extracted among which the manager's supporting behavior had a higher priority than other themes. In order to validate qualitative data in addition to the final stage of Colaizzi method, Guba and Lincoln criteria methods were also implemented. Apart from the recognized themes , it was found that people are not impressed only by their manager's positive behavior, but sometimes they show extra role behaviors through their own self-management or their ideals and beliefs. Our findings in this study contribute to the development and implementation of management improvement programs. They can also help to increase job performance and extra role behaviors of social workers in connection with the clients of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation.

Full implementation of projects and ideas, innovativeness in launching businesses, and running industrial projects, all depend on correct and comprehensive feasibility assessment beforehand. The classic approach to this focuses on the industrial project's financial aspect and profitability and also their justifications in terms of technical and market conditions. In the recent decade, with the rise of green ideas and the necessity for projects to offer an environmental supplement, the project's justifications have been subjected to revisions. Green management and applying green approach in the development of industrial projects are new paradigms in management that can guarantee environmental criteria in the development of industrial projects. The goal of this article is developing a fuzzy expert system for total feasibility study of industrial projects. This system involves five aspects, namely, financial, technological, economical, market and environmental criteria. After defining the criteria for project's feasibility assessment and the rules using fuzzy expert system methodology based on expert opinions for determining the validity of the developed model, the project of constructing the sewage treatment plant in the south of Tehran was selected and the obtained data were input in it. The subsequent analysis of the system's output confirmed expert opinion about the issue.