نشریه بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 47، بهار 1396)

Cadmium is a heavy metal causing oxidative stress in plants. The study objective was to determine phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated culture medium. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with five cadmium chloride concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mM based on completely randomized design in three replications. Root length, plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, cadmium uptake rate and total chlorophyll were recorded. Cadmium application decreased plant dry weight, leaf area and total chlorophyll and increased root length, plant height and cadmium uptake. Cadmium concentrations up to 400 mM caused cadmium uptake increment in plants. Black nightshade kept phytoremediation potential even at 600 mM cadmium concentration. These changes in morph-physiological traits are for cadmium stress management causing survivability of plant against these conditions and black nightshade could be effective in environment hygiene by cadmium accumulation in its tissues. Therefore, black nightshade might be recommended as a cadmium hyper-accumulator plant in industrial cadmium contaminated soils.

Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) has various applications in traditional medicine. Alcohol spraying on plants foliage is considered as one of the new methods for improvement of their growth and yield. In current study, the effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on morphological and physiological traits of savory has been studied in pot conditions based on completely randomized design with 10 treatments including spray concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v) methanol and ethanol, distilled water and no spraying. Ethanol and methanol spraying specially in 40% concentration could be improving in most of studied traits. Ethanol 40% had a positive role in increasing of leaf dry and fresh weight, crown diameter, plant and stem fresh weight and methanol 40% was effective in plant and shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf number improvement. Increasing in alcohol concentrations caused chlorophyll content increment, but not leaf length. Also, spraying with distilled water and methanol caused more crown distance to first node; but less canopy width. Therefore, implementation of methanol and ethanol solutions is recommending increasing growth and growth indices of savory.

In this study, 20 early-ripening and 20 mediumripening soybean lines have been compared for quantitative and qualitative traits at CheginiStation of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of LorestanProvince, Iran based on randomized complete block design with four replications. There was a difference in flowering among medium and early-ripening soybean lines and early-ripening soybean lines set to flower later than medium-ripening lines. Also, plant height of early-ripening linesSpry*Nemaha/8 and Spry*Savoy/2 was higher, but the vitality and un-lodging was less thanmedium-ripening lines. Early ripening line Spry*Nemaha/8 had more seed number per capsule than medium ripening lines. Also, medium-ripening line of Stressland*NMSB/3 had more thausandkernal weight than early ripening lines. Weight difference in plot and weight difference per hectare in the medium-ripeningline of Stressland*NMSB/3was more than other early-ripening lines. Medium-ripening line of Hacheston*L.16/3 hadmore protein and oil content than early ripening lines. Therefore, themedium-ripening lines had relative advantages than early ripening lines the they are recommending for region farmers soybean plantations.

To study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium different rates on some growth and yield characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.( and experiment in split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Shamsabad, Saravan Iran in 2012­-­2013. Main factor was potassium from sulphate potassium source in 0, 25 and 50 kg/ha as soil application in planting time. Phosphorus from triple superphosphate source in 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha assigned as sub-factor as soil application in planting time. Sub-sub factors was nitrogen from urea source including 0, 50, 100 kg/ha applied as topdress in early planting, branching and 50% flowering stages potassium. Pottasium and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, boll dry weight, thousand kernal weight and biomass. Also, phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect on all traits but seed number in boll and thousand kernal weight. Fertilizer interaction effected on studied traits significantly. Increasing in fertilizer rate increased most of vegetative and reproductive traits. The most biological yield and number of seed per boll were obtained in simultaneous application of all fertilizers. On the whole, in Saravan region soil and climate condition application of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer can be used in drought stress damages depression in roselle plantations.

Water deficient is one of the most important factors limiting yield of field crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative traits of corn under water deficient stress; an experiment was carried out as split factorial based on completely block randomized design with three replications in Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in 2015. The experimental treatments included inoculation with two mycorrhizal fungi species of Glumus mosseae and Glumus etanicatum, phosphorus fertilizer from triple superphosphate source at levels of 75, 100, and 125 kg/ha, and irrigation at levels of 70, 140, and 210 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan. The effect of irrigation, phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhiza on all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level. Also interaction of phosphorous fertilizer and mycohrriza was significant in plant height, grain yield, plant dry weight, nitrogen percentage and the phosphorous concentration was significant. Increasing in drought stress caused decrement in plant height, ear length, number on grains per ear, plant dry weight, grain yield, nitrogen percentage and leaf phosphorus content, but increment in leaf potassium percentage content. Furthermore, inoculation with mycorrhiza along with with phosphorus fertilizer at 125 kg/ha, significantly increased agronomic indices and phosphorus and potassium contents of corn leaves under of water stress conditions. On the whole, implementation of mycorrhizal fungi along with phosphorus fertilizer in planting bed caused tolerance enhancement in corn against drought stress through influencing on some physiological characteristics.

This research aimed to study the needs of habitat and ecological characteristics of two species of medicinal ornamental plants included dog rose and hawthornusing multi-variale regression canonical correspondence (CCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) for development of urban green space in East Azerbaijan province. Totally, 52 of mentioned plants soil samples were collected from East Azerbaijan, Iran and their habitat and physiographical characteristics such as slope, orientation and altitude and edaphic characteristics of collection site such as pH, EC, soil texture, lime percentage and soil fertility factors were recorded. Collected ecological were analyzed using PC-ORD software based on multivariate regression analysis of CCA and DCA. Increasing of soil phosphorus and decreasing of slope tend to density of hawthorn. The least pH was found in hawthorn soils. Also, hawthorn and dog rose growing areas were in north orientation and in soils with light texture and high drainage. Both plants had almost the same ecological needs. Therefore they can be planted in landscapes of urban and downtown in combination.

The current study was conducted to investigate planting pattern effect on some morphological and phenological traits of sunflower. The experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Zahak, Sistan, Iran in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were consisted as interspacing planting rows of 30, 40, 50, 60 cm and inter-spacing planting rows of 10, 15, 20, 25 cm. The effects of inter-spacing planting rows on all morphological and phenological traits except number of leaves per plant and days to flowering were significant. The effect of inter-spading planting rows was significant on all traits. Interaction of inter- and intra-spacing planting rows was significant only in number of leaves. Increasing in density caused maturity and flowering enhancement and decreased flowering period. Stem and head diameter and plant height increased by intra- and inter spacing planting rows increment. Optimal planting density would be 60 cm as inter- and 25 cm as intra spacing rows to achieve maximum yield in sunflower in this region.

To evaluate the effect of terminal drought stress on yield an yield components of seven advanced barley lines along with cultivars of Nosrat and Yosef as checks, an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Islam Abad-e Gharb Research Station during 2011-2012. Terminal drought stress and non-stress treatments were assigned in main plots and genotypes were allocated in sub-plots. Traits such as grain yield, kernel thousand weight, plant height, biomass, spike per area, seed per spike and harvest index were measured. Drought stress and genotypes interaction was significant in grain yield, kernel thousand weight, plant height, biomass, spike per area, seeds per spike and harvest index. Genotypes were different statistically in all recorded traits. On the whole, in both drough stress and normal conditions, Nosrat and MBD-85-8 had the highest grain yield with 6480 and 6330 kg/ha, respectively. Meanwhile MBD-85-14 had the lowest grain yield with 4180 kg/ha. Therefore, Nosrat and MB-85-8 are recommendable to barley-growers encountering with terminal drought stress condition.