فصلنامه زیست شناسی گیاهی ایران
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1396)

In this research morphological and physiological responses of root and leaves of Gleditschia caspica were studied under salinity stress (control, 4. 8 and 12 ds/m) based on a randomized split plot design with four replicates. The results showed that salinity (12 ds/m) decreased all morphological characteristics exept for root length, aerial biomass and number of leaflet. Root proline in 12 ds/m salinity was equal to 27 mg g-1fw that were 5 times more than control. In contrast to root, leave proline decreased in all salinity treatments. Salinity significantly increased the amount of soluble sugar where in 12 ds/m salinity its amount was 4 times more than control. In contrast to leave, the amount of MDA in root (0.05 mol/g µfw ) was 2.5 times more than control. Salinity decreased the amount of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll) and the lowest amount for total chlorophyll found in 12 ds/m and was equal to 10.6 mg g-1fw. Salinity decreased root and leave potassium but increased the amount of sodium. The amount of sodium in 12 ds/m salinity was 4 times more than control. Salinity decreased root phosphor and its amounts in control were equal to 1055 mg/kg and in 12 ds/m salinity were equal to 833 mg/kg. Salinity increased leave phosphor in 8 ds/m. It is concluded that the responses of root and leaves to salinity stress were different. Root responsed to salinity by increasing the amounts of proline and leaves responsed by accumulation of sodium in cell vacuoles.

This experiment was conducted in 2014 at research greenhouse, in a completely randomized design based on factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments included irrigation regimes at 50, 75 and 100 % FC and humic acid spraying at three levels 0, 150 and 300 mg. lit-1. The greatest and the least plant height, fresh and dry weight, number and length of leaves, chlorophyll a and carbohydrates was achieved at 100 and 50% FC, respectively. Plant cultivated at 300 mg. lit-1humic acid had the greatest growth components. Interaction of irrigation at 100% of field capacity and 300 mg l-1 of humic acid had the greatest plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf length and carbohydrates. While the greatest proline was obtained at irrigation at 50% FC and no humic acid spraying. Interaction effects was not significant for number of leaves, chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids. Growth parameters decreased with increasing drought severity. The results suggested savory planted at 300 mg. lit-1of humic acid and no drought stress had the greatest productivity.

The present study was performed with the purpose of evaluating the genetic relationship between bread wheat genotypes based on leaf protein electrophoresis using the SDS-PAGE technique. In this study, soluble protein electrophoresis patterns were investigated in 16 genotypes of bread wheat. The concentration of the total leaf soluble proteins was determined using the Bradford and spectrophotometric methods. After staining using Coomassie blue R-250, in order to analyze the electrophoresis data, the presence and absence of the protein bands were scored one and zero, respectively. The similarity matrix was calculated and cluster analysis was performed based on Jaccard coefficient using UPGMA. The comparison of banding patterns of leaf soluble protein electrophoresis samples showed that not only were the protein bands on gels different in terms of location and molecular weight, but they also showed difference in terms of density and intensity. The studied genotypes were classified using cluster analysis and the genetic relationship between them was investigated. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, backcross roshan zemestaneh and Navid genotypes possessed all the polypeptides generated among the studied genotypes. Zare and backcross roshan zemestaneh genotypes had the highest number of protein bands (23 bands) and pishgam genotype had the lowest number of bands (13 bands). Based on the dendrogram of electrophoretic data and plot of the principal axis analysis, Bezostaya and Navid were the most different and genetically distanced genotypes. The results of this study could be useful in bread wheat breeding programs.

Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) is a valuable medicinal and economic species growing in southern parts of Iran. This plant is resistant to salinity and drought and has an important role in preventing of soil erosion. So far, the amount of genetic variation of this species in Iran was unclear due to the lack of any study. Therefore, this study aims to assessment of genetic diversity of some populations of Cordia myxa in Iran by using CDDP molecular marker. Twenty five samples of 7 populations were collected from southern parts of Iran and were evaluated by 20 CDDP primers. GenAlex, Popgen and NTSYS software were used for data analysis. A total number of 222 bands were produced by 20 primers, from which 218 bands, in average 9.01% bands for each primer, were polymorphic. Based on clustering analysis by using Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA method on the resulted data, the samples were categorized in 4 separate groups at the level of 38% similarity. The highest amount of genetic diversity coefficient (0.232) were obtained for Shoosh population. Molecular Variance Analysis (AMOVA) also showed that intra-population diversity is higher (70%) than inter-population diversity (30%). This study proved the potential of CDDP marker to assess the genetic diversity in Cordia myxa L. populations.

Tomato is one of the valuable crop plant that is used as a model plant. Salicylic acid leads to the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoids, lignin and anthocyanin by changing the activity of the key enzymes involved in their biosynthesis pathway. For study of the effect of SA on secondary metabolites and its biosynthesis pathway, the current experiment carried out using 0, 000.1, 00.1, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mM Salicylic acid in MS medium under in vitro culture condition. After four weeks, seedlings removed from culture container and were analyzed. Results showed that with increasing of salicylic acid concentration dry and fresh weight of roots and shoot as well as the amount of chlorophyll a and b were increased significantly compared with control plants but they were decreased significantly in some concentrations. The total phenol compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanin, as well as PAL, TAL and Peroxidase activity were also gradually increased by increasing of salicylic acid concentration. The maximum level of these parameters were observed at 0/01 mM salicylic acid. The results suggested that, salicylic acid improved plant growth in optimum levels and decreased pigments and plant weight in toxic levels. Phenolic compounds and biosynthesis enzymes were increased by inductive role of SA against ROS production and oxidative stress.

Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual plant from the buttercup family that has been used in food industry and cosmetic products in addition to its medicinal value. In this research, the effect of salinity stress and salicylic acid on some physiological and biochemical parameters including Relative Water Content (RWC), ion leakage, malondialdehyde, anthocyanin content, proline, catalase activity and ascorbate peroxides in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.( were investigated. Exprimental treatments consisted of three levels (0 as control, 25 and 75 mM NaCl) and (0 as control, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) for salinity and salicylic acid, respectively. Three to four-leaf seedlings incubated for three weeks under salt stress, during the same period twice sprayed with salicylic acid. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the RWC and anthocyanin, and significantly increased ion leakage malondialdehyde, proline, catalase activity and ascorbate peroxidase activity. While in salt stress condition, salicylic acid treatment increased the RWC, malondialdehyde, anthocyanin, proline, catalase activity and ascorbate peroxidase activity, but ion leakage was decreased. Black Cumin is sensitive to salinity stress, so by applying salicylic acid may increase the antioxidant capacity that can helps to the possibility of plant to growth and survival under stress conditions.