فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1396)

One of the most important areas in accounting management is judgment and decision making on costs prediction. This research investigates the effect of cost behavior perception and professional experience of individuals on judgment and decision making about cost prediction. In particular, we conduct a laboratory experiment with a 2×4 design mixing a within-subjects condition with a between-subjects condition. The independent variables are cost behavior (linear, sticky. anti-sticky, semi-sticky) and professional experience. The subjects of this research are classified into two groups of professional (managers) and students. Also, dependent variables of research are as follows: 1) quality or accuracy of cost prediction (mean absolute error of the individual`s predictions) and 2) Brunswick`s lens model indices (Matching, consistency and achievement).The results show that subjects are more likely to recognize symmetric (linear) cost behavior (traditional model) rather than asymmetry cost behavior (i.e. sticky and anti-sticky) and there is no difference between the professional and the students in terms of understanding these relationships. The results also show that the overreaction (or underreaction) to resource adjustment decisions when revenues are decreased is not rooted in the pre-determined mindset of individuals as a cognitive bias.

Importance of investment for economic and social growth and development is to the extent that it is recalled as one of the strong leverages for obtaining development. However, it is noteworthy that inattention to this issue can be led to economic decline.The present study seeks to investigate the effect of internal control weakness and controlling shareholder's wedge on investment efficiency of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The research population includes all companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during delet 2009-2015. For this purpose, 104 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected as the research sample through purposive sampling. The research hypotheses were tested via multi-variable regression and final analyses were carried out through Eviews software. The results disclosed that there is a significant relationship between controlling shareholder's wedge and investment efficiency.In other words, whatever the controlling shareholder's wedge is increased, lack of investment efficiency will be increased. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between internal control weakness and investment efficiency. In other words, in the event that there is internal control weakness or the number of internal control weaknesses is increased, lack of investment efficiency will increase.

The separation of management from ownership has led to information asymmetries between managers and owners of companies. Useful solutions for reducing information asymmetry between managers, owners and creditors can note to accounting conservatism, debt maturity shortening, and the establishment of a strong corporate governance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of conditional conservatism on debt maturity and externally financed growth,and also the effect of the strength and weakness of the corporate governance on the amount of these impacts. To achieving the purposes, four hypotheses were developed. In order to test the hypotheses, using the method of systematic elimination, Sample consists of 159 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2015 were selected and linear regression model with the model of panel data were applied. The findings of the research show that conditional conservatism has a positive impact on the debt maturity, but unexpectedly, it has a negative effect on the externally financed growth. The results also indicate that there is a significant difference between the effect of conditional conservatism on debt maturity and the externally financed growth in firms with strong and weak corporate governance.

This study examines the relationship between family ownership and Speed of Adjustment of cash holding, in three hypotheses identified consistent with the literature research. The research method is descriptive and correlational and to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables, multiple regression statistical methods were used. Then, to test the research hypotheses, using data on firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, through the sampling cup, 93 companies were selected as samples in the period from 2011 to 2015. The present results confirm the hypothesis that show there is a positive and significant relationship between family ownership and speed of adjustment to the level of cash holding. Further, Young and financially constrained family firms have a faster speed of adjustment to the level of cash holding.

As poor management is generally acknowledged as one of the most key factors of business failures, it is expected that managerial ability to be a useful variable in predicting financial distress. The objective of this study is to increase the accuracy of financial distress prediction by adopting managerial ability as a predictive variable. Therefore, financial ratio–based models, and models utilizing both financial ratio and managerial ability was compared by using data of a sample of 201 financially distressed and non-distressed firm-years listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2016. The study results show that the performance of combined models is significantly more than financial ratio-based models in the Boosting, Bagging and Rotation Forest approaches. In other words, managerial ability improves the performance of financial ratio-based models to predict financial distress. Also, the secondary findings of this study showed that the more the interval between prediction years and financial distress occurrence, the more effect of managerial ability on performance of financial distress prediction models. Consequently, findings of present study reveal that managerial ability is indeed valuable for financial distress prediction.

Competition in the product market with the effect on the Earning Predictability (as one of the quality of earning criteria), causes the accounting information to be relevant and improves the needed information of investors for economic decision making an it changes the expectations of investors and is valued by them which finally changes the stock returns of firms. So the main purpose of the study is to mediating effect of earning predictability on the relationship between product market competition and Stock returns in listed companies at tehran stock exchange. So 76 listed companies at Tehran stock exchange in the period from 2011 to 2015 were selected purposefully and Their data have been analyzed using hybrid analysis. In this study, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index was used to measure the competition in the product market and to estimate the Forecasting power of earnings, Volari and Jenkins [44] model have been used. Findings of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between product market competition and Earning Predictability. Also, Earning Predictability has a Mediatingeffect on the relationship between product market competition and stock returns.