فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1396)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system which has been identified with specific gastrointestinal symptoms with no organic cause. Therefore, this study aimed to compare quality of life and personality traits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and non-infected individuals.
The research method was causal-comparative. The sample include of 60 participants (30 patients with IBS and 30 non-infected individuals). The sample was selected by convenience sampling method and responded to NEO Five-Factor Inventory and The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life.
Data analysis by using statistical analysis, multivariate analysis of variance showed that neuroticism and conscientiousness and conscientiousness in patients with irritable bowel syndrome are more than normal individuals and extroversion, agreeableness and openness to experience are less than non-infected individuals. The level of physical health, mental health, social relationships, environment / conditions of life of patients was less than non-infected individuals.
Based on the findings of this study can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the two groups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and non-infected individuals regard to personality traits and quality of life. Based on the findings of this study personality traits and quality of life can be used as important indicators to distinguish and predict the vulnerability of developing irritable bowel syndrome.

The present study aimed to compare personality traits and attitude to suicide among two groups of people attempted to commit suicide by self-immolation and by consuming drugs.
The research was descriptive and causal-comparative method. The statistical population included 80 individuals (40 people attempted to commit suicide by consuming drugs and 40 people attempted to commit suicide by self-immolation) whom were transferred to the hospital after committing suicide and were selected by convenience sampling method. In this study, NEO Personality Inventory and the Skin Suicide Attempt Questionnaire were used to collect data.
Inferential analysis revealed that considering personality traits (Neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness) there was significant difference between those who attempted to commit suicide by self-immolation and consuming drugs. However, no significant difference was found between these two groups with regard to attitude to suicide.
Since personality traits are considered as a risk factor for suicide so it seems necessary to pay more attention to them for understanding and preventing suicide.

Tension headache is one of the psychosomatic disorders and it is very common in throughout the world. Stress and bad moods are among the aggravating factors of tension headaches. The purpose of the study is to compare effectiveness of quality of life therapy and treatment based on Islamic spiritualty on distress tolerance, stress, anxiety, and depression in women with tension headaches.
This is an experimental study with pre-test, post-test, follow-up and control group. The study population included all the female patients with tension headaches in Kermanshah city in 2014. 39 subjects were selected by random sampling method and inclusion-exclusion criteria, and randomly were divided into two experimental groups and one control group (n=13). The experimental group of quality of life therapy was under treatment within 8 sessions of 90-minute and the experimental group of spiritual therapy was also treated within 8 sessions of 100-minute while the control group received no treatment. The research tools included Distress Tolerance Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales which were conducted in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Data analysis by using multivariate covariance method and post hoc tests showed that both treatments; the quality of life therapy and treatment based on Islamic spirituality had significant effects on improving distress, stress, anxiety, and depression tolerance in post-test and follow-up. But the efficiency of spiritual treatment in reducing anxiety and depression in post-test was more significant compared to quality of life therapy. Hence, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the post-test regarding improvement of distress and depression tolerance. In the follow-up stage, the effect of spiritual therapy was more than quality of life therapy in all variables.
According to the findings both treatments, the quality of life therapy and treatment based on Islamic spirituality are effective interventions for patients with tension headaches. But the long-term impacts of treatment based on Islamic spirituality are more significant.

According to the introduction of positive psychology in recent years, this study examined the effectiveness based on positive psychology and in particular self-actualization training in reducing of psychological distress.
In order to achieve this goal, pretest and posttest with control group design was used. The study population consisted of 400 girl students of Razavi high school in 12th district of Tehran. First, all of students performed DASS scale and then 40 students with the highest score of the DASS were chosen and were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. For the experimental group, self-actualization training was carried out in 8 sessions (twice a week), but the control group did not receive any treatment. Multivariate and univariate analysis were uses to analyze the data.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that self-actualization training reduces depression, anxiety and stress students in the experimental group compared with the control group.
The use of positive psychology in particular self-actualization training can be effective in reducing depression, anxiety and stress of high school students. The use of this method is an effective method to reduce student's psychological distress.

Childhood is the most important life stages. Often incompatibility and psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood arises from the neglect of emotional-behavioral problems during childhood. Present study has been aimed to evaluate effectiveness of parent-based intervention on anxiety symptoms and externalizing problems of 6-9 years old children of Ahvaz city.
This research design is quasi-experimental design. In this study, 30 mothers of eligible volunteers were selected by using convenience sampling method and were assigned to two experimental group and control group (n=15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention (one session per week for 2 hours) and control group were waiting for intervention. The participants of both groups responded to Children's Behavior Checklist and Spence Children's Anxiety Scale before intervention, at the end of intervention (approximately two months), and 2 months after the end of intervention (follow-up).The data was analyzed by multivariate covariance and univariate analysis of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA).
The findings of data analysis showed that parent-based intervention has significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety (p Parent-based intervention can be used in reduction of anxiety symptoms and externalizing problems in children.

This study was aimed to examine effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility in adolescent boys.
This study is quasi-experimental and pretest - posttest with control group. The study population included adolescent boys aged 12-15 years old in Mashhad. The sample was 24 students that were selected according to gain the highest score in Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire and randomly was assigned to experimental and control groups. Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used as tool in current study. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Stress Inoculation Training but the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Multivariate Analyses of covariance and One-Way Analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.
Findings indicated that Stress Inoculation Training significantly reduced hostility, physical aggression and verbal aggression in experimental group in comparison to control group (p Stress Inoculation Training is effective method by affecting on cognitive and behavioral dimension for reducing aggression and hostility. However, more comprehensive intervention (including family and society) with more therapeutic sessions would probably be effective in reducing anger (emotional dimension of aggression)

Preschool Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-parent form-has been designed to assess executive function in pre-school children in natural environments. The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and confirmatory factor structure of parent form of this inventory.
In correlational design data were collected among 390 children aged 2 to 5.9 years old through cluster random sampling method in pre-school children of Mashhad city by parents. Inventory's reliability was investigated by internal consistency and correlations and its validity was evaluated by correlation between subscales and confirmatory factor analysis.
The results showed that reliability coefficient in both genders and for all subscales and total scale were highly satisfactory. Also subscales had good internal consistency and there were good inter-relationships between subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five main factor of the first order including: Inhibition changes, emotional inhibition, working memory, planning / organization and three factors of second order including inhibition self-control, flexibility and metacognition of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-parent form.
Behavior rating executive function preschool -parents form-is an ideal tool for screening, diagnosis, research and other areas of intervention in Iranian society.

The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of antecedents of body dysmorphic symptoms in undergraduate studentsof Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. In the research's proposed model, media consumption, internalization of media models, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, appearance perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs about appearance considered as antecedent variables, and body image concern, social anxiety about appearance, social withdrawal and compensatory behaviors for beauty and fitness (use of cosmetics, cosmetic surgery and efforts for fitness) were symptoms of body dysmorphic.
This study’s research design was correlational, through structural equation modeling (SEM). 542 undergraduate studentsof Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (337 women and 203 men) was selected by using multistage random sampling method and completed eight scales of present study. The structural modeling analysis, with application of Anderson & Gerbing's two-step approach was used to test the proposed model. Also, bootstrapping method was used to evaluate indirect effects in the model.
Results showed that the fit indices for the proposed model are in the acceptable range; however, by imposing some modifications, the model achieves better fitness. Also, the results showed that all direct paths (except paths of media to appearance-based rejection sensitivity and perfectionism physical) are significant. As well, results of bootstrapping method showed that all indirect paths of the model are significant.
In general, results of present study showed formation of dysmorphic symptoms, especially compensational behaviors for beauty and fitness, through media effects, cognitive and personality variables in an Iranian sample. Also, these results in a theoretical and experimental tissue were explained and their theoretical and practical implications were presented.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy based on Hofmann’s model on the reduction of fear of negative evaluation and self- focused attention in social anxiety disorder (SAD).
The study was single-subject design.This study was conducted by using multiple-baselines design during the 12 sessions, on three female patients with one month and four months follow-up.
Data were gathered through Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ). visual analyze, percent of improvement and effect size methods were used to analyzes of data.
The cognitive- behavioral therapy based on Hofmann’s model led to reduce fear of negative evaluation and self- focused attention in social anxiety disorder. The results of treatment continued to one month and four months follow-up period.
Cognitive- behavioral therapy based on Hofmann’s model reduced fear of negative evaluation in social anxiety disorder.