فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه مهندسی فرهنگی
پیاپی 80 (تابستان 1393)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/06/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Azam Mirzamani Page 10
    The expansion of the Western culture and globalization challenged many cultural entities of the world, including that of Iran, and thus shed spotlight on ‹culture› before several thinkers, elites and politicians all around the world. As a result, the term ‹cultural engineering› has been being profusely used in the cultural policy-making of Iran. As cultural modernity has managed to institutionalize its incorrect doctrine and values in the framework of the society, this survey aims at clarifying the term ‹cultural engineering› and its palpability in the society of Iran as well as analyaing the formation process of cultural modernity. By analyzing the history of modernity, it becomes clear that modernity is the result of the designation of key beliefs and their channeling through the values and the institutions of the Occidental society. With the presupostion of the together-ness of culture and religion in Islamic societies, and thus the innateness and non-devisability of Islamic values, one can say that ‹cultural engineering› in Islamic society is «the guidance of the Islamic beliefs and values within the society›s institutions in a way that they all represent Islamic values and beliefs.»
    Keywords: culture, society, modernity, institution, wisdom, science, religion
  • Mehri Bahar, Abolfaz Ahmadi Page 27
    This article aims at delving into the nature of the essence of religious Heyats, in the light of religious traditions and performances, with emphasis on the changes such gatherings have undergone in terms of their functionality. Moreover, two main types of religious Heyats which currently exist in Iran have been scrutinized based on five significant indicators as the main fundaments of such religious gatherings: the elegy-citer (laudators), the audience, the object, the setting, the ambience and the conext and content. In this research the qulaitative content analysis approach has been used and the statistical society of it are the videos of famous elegy-citers in Tehran, which have been filmed from during the last two decades. Furthermore, it has been attempted to show that basic and functional alterations have taken place in such gatherings through scrutinizing them in the city of Tehran. This shows that the function of many such gatherings has changed from a religious one to an artistic one, or in some cases to a theatrical one, and that their purpose is now distant from the main religious purpose, the reasons of which have to be examined.
    Keywords: Religious gatherings, traditonal, non, traditional, functional, elegy, citer (laudator), the audience, object
  • Alireza Rashidi, Abolfaz Ahmadi, Roghayeh Shojaei, Aliasghar Bastani, Mohammad Rashidi Page 56
    Islam regards human›s life in welfare and peace their natural right and combats any obstacle that comes on the way to reach this goal. Hence, it gives its followers teachings, doing wich will lead them to such a life accompanied by mental and physical health. «Poverty» is among the negative phenomena that is considered a threat for the human life. Economic schools have proposed various ways to fight it. However, they have not managed to remove it from human›s life. On the other hand, Quran as the most complete Holy Book and the 14 Impeccables as Quran›s interpreters and analyzers, explicate the reasons of this sinister phenomenon as an unfavorable happening. In this article, the various personal and individual reasons of poverty extracted from Quranic verses and Hadiths have been put forth; among them are lethargy, idleness, mismanagement and lack of planning, admonishing and blaming the world, wasting, betraying others› deposits, sins, unthankfulness to Allah, and poverty pretension. In this article, ‹poverty› is defined as destitution and disability to obviate one›s basic needs in order to create a life in welfare and tranquility. The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical.
    Keywords: poverty, Quran, Hadith
  • Mostafa Mohammadi, Ghorbanali Mahbubi Page 74
    Reaching to political, security and econimic objectives, has always been among the most important goals of the countries in the edition and exertion of their foreign policy. Countries mainly and traditionally utilize a diplomacy based on political, military and economic approaches and instruments in order to reach their goals. Nevertheless, in the second half of the 20th century, relatively new approaches came into existence which emphasized more attention to be given mto cultural methods as a means of attaining such goals by the autorities. Cultural diplomacy allows countries to be in direct contact with the people and authorities of other countries by using their key elements and the penetration tools. Penetrating the lay-people and bringing them to the international arena in order to put pressure on their governments are also taken into consideration. After September 11 attacks, and as the muslims› hatred toward the US policis increased, the US government tried to make use of general and cultural diplomacy to ameliorate its picture before the muslims. Hence the article at hand, examines the status of culture in the policy of the US as well as its policies in this regard in the Middle East.
    Keywords: diplomacy, culture, general diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, the United States of America, the Middle East, the world of Islam
  • Majid Nejatpour, Kianoush Payfard, Seyed Mojtaba Mousavinejad, Seyed Asghar Ghasemi Page 97
    With the expansion and growth of globalization of information and telecommunications, national micro-identities also managed to internationalize their culture, identity and requirements through using network and internet facilites as well as the virtual world. This article aims at answering this question: «What role does the virtual world play in the interaction of micro-identities and their formation in today›s world?». In replying this question, it can be said that despite the fact that ‹locale› has lost its value in the shadow of electronic media, the value of ‹virtual space› has increased in a way that is has changed into an element via which direct cultural and identity interaction can take place. According to the findings, along with globalization of information and communication, national microidentities have been in place to have international dialog with the world; that is to say, global identities both weaken and strengthen microidetities throughout the world. The approach used in this method is documentary, analytical and descriptive.
    Keywords: globalization, virtual space, national microidentities, global identities, identities› dialog
  • Ali Mohammadian, Elaheh Gholizadeh Page 117
    Working is one of the most basic and essential aspects of human›s life as it clarifies the intrinsic mettle of human and activates their potential talents, thus, making the society a lively and aspiring one. Various human schools of thoughts have profferred different viewpoints on labor, yet among them, the view of Islam enjoys a salient position. In the culture of Islam, working is considered as a part of the way human is to tred upon to become closer to Allah and was thus always emphasized by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the 14 Impeccables. The article at hand is aimed at finding the roots of the culture of highlighting the significance of labor and the status of the worker in Islamic texts and narrations, and in this regard the speeches of the Supreme Leader as well as those of the late Imam Khomeini have been taken into consideration, as both of these two have had the rein of the Isamic society as Islamologists and adept faghihs and utilized their knowledge and expertise which are regarded as outstandingly important in the appreciation of the position of labor and the laborer in the view of Islamic governments.
    Keywords: labor, laborer, Islam, the culture of labor
  • Hossein Froughinia, Seyed Yousof Seyed Mirzapour Page 139
    The 21st Century if the century of information, knowledge and awareness and the information community is being formed. Knowledge is the most important wealth as well as the source of power in human, social and economic interactions. By using ‹learning› it becomes possible to use the treasure within in order to reach sustainable peace and then move towards a learning society which is accountable for the others. In this century the learners are considered ‹international citizens› who are living with each other in the ‹global village›, where they think, interact and cooperate with each other. As a matter of fact the world of today is rapidly undergoing changes on an intrnational scale from an industrial society to an information one while simultaneously its economy is changing from a national to international one. Under such circumstances an educational system which is well-equipped with the latest information and communication technologies can play a pivotal role in the the growth and expansion of any country, so that they can reach more productivity, employment, and social welfare. In this article the challenges and the opportunities on the way ahead of the educational system, in the light of globalization, have been examined and in the end some solutions that can be used to fortify Iran›s educational system have been presented.
    Keywords: globalization, education, information technology, human development, knowledge
  • Zohreh Mottaghi, Mohammadreza Nili Ahmadabadi, Kamal Nosrati Hashi Page 158
    The process of globalization forms a new way of communication in the world. In this regard, global economy, as one of the products of this process, puts the society and the higher education with unavoidable fundamental changes, among which is the business approach of the higher education, examining which is in fact the purpose of this article. In this research, the concept of globalization, global economy and their outcomes are studied in the light of present sources and references as well as the accumulated documents and data. In the phase of analysis, the business of approach of the higher education and its consequences are infered. The research findings show that in this regard the sale of education and university services are considered sources of income and the status of the universities determine the quality of education as well the selection of the students. The point to ponder is to separate this matter from similar ones as this visual, economic and social phenomenon is a complicated and multi-dimensional one in which it is not possible to ignore the cultural infra-structure. Otherwise, cultural education in the universities would be downgraded to a merely economic one which can pose serious threats to education and change its moral doctorine.
    Keywords: globalization, global economy, higher education, university, academic capital
  • Hossein Najafi, Reza Jafary Harandi, Reza Vafaei Page 179
    The research at hand aims at scrutinizing the position of the indicators of international education (growth and expansion, environment, culture, citizenship, hygiene and health, peace, equality and justice, information technology) in the contents of the textbooks of the 6th grade of Iran›s primary schools. The method used is descriptive based on content analysis and approach is an applied one. With regards to the topic of the research and the limitations of the statistical society, sampling was done without. Thus, the statistical society is all the books publish in the year 2013 for the 6th grade of the primary schools of Iran by the Minisrty of Education. The results of the research which have been examined by using the desciptive data are as follows: 1- On aggragate, such indicators have been used 771 times; this frequency was 32, 29, 119,53, 50, 31 and 457 in Let›s Read Persian, Ethereal Gifts, Social Teachings, Experimental Sciences, Mathematics, Reflection and Research, Work and Technology textbooks respectively. 2- Among the aforecited indicators the most emphasis was given to ‹information technology› (468 times) while the least was given to ‹peace, amity, equality and justice› (29 times).
    Keywords: content analysis, textbooks, global education, 6th grade
  • Seyed Nasser Hejazi, Habil Heydarkhani Page 194
    One of the aspects of scrutinizing contemporary human is their ‹identity› whose formation is influenced by various factors in different field such as family, friends, nationality as well as personal capitals such as economic, social and cultural ones which are all relevant to this concept. The goal of the article at hand is examining the relation between social capital and cultural identity in the city of Kermanshah; it is worth noting that this is an Applied, Extensive, Microlevel and Cross-sectional survey. The method used is practical in which techniques such as measurement have been used and the tool for collectin data is questionnaires. The sample used includes 380 over-18-year-old residents of Kermanshah. In order to attain the main objective of the survey, various aspects of social capital such as trust, solidarity, participation, interaction and awareness as independent and dependent alternatives have been taken into account. According to the obtained results, the level of inclination to national identity among the residents of Kermanshah is more than average (X=3.49) and there is a meaningful, direct and positive connection between the independent and dependent alternatives.
    Keywords: social capital, cultural identity, social trust, social solidarity, social participation, social awareness, social interaction