نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1396)

Nowadays, urban management can influence the stability of neighborhoods. Currently, the most effective, least costly and the most sustainable approach for urban management practice is “good urban governance". The main objective of the current study was analyzing the “good urban governance” model in local sustainable development of neighborhoods in District Six of Tehran. The research method is descriptive- analytical. Hence, initially the neighborhoods in District Six were investigated in terms of indicators of good urban governance and local sustainable development by using entropy of Shannon weight model and VIKOR. Further, to explore the relationship between local sustainability and good urban governance, Pearson's Correlation and Multivariate Regression were used. The results of VIKOR Model indicated that neighborhoods in District Six are weak and unstable in terms of good urban governance and local sustainable development; moreover, in terms of good urban governance indicators, Gandhi Neighborhood held the first position and Behjat Neighborhood held the last position. Likewise, Argentine Neighborhood was the most sustainable neighborhood and Nosrat Neighborhood was the most unsustainable neighborhood with regard to local sustainable development indicators. The results of Pearson Correlation Test indicated a statistically significant relationship between good urban governance and local sustainable development in neighborhoods of District Six. Finally, the results of Multivariate Regression Analysis showed that among the indicators of good urban governance, participation index had the greatest impact on local sustainable development.

Great value the justice in the society of the perspective of the Quran to the extent that Justice as a basic principle raised and God gives orders its. The main cause of the crisis of human societies is injustice. Injustice concept of spatial planning, challenges the Centralization theory. Also, this concept in urban land-use planning, is one component of sustainable urban development. In this descriptive and analytical study, using DEA-TOPSIS/GIS, Paid to evaluate the efficiency of the urban core of Ardebil in terms of penetration and operating radius of the city's service centers; Faced with dimensions of spatial - population of cells. This method uses two virtual ideal and anti-ideal DMU and measures the efficiency of each DMU according to virtual ones, putting this results in a relative neighborhood index we are able to rank DMUs. The results of the study showed that; is efficient 6 urban core with a total area of about 1,000 hectares in middle of the city. On the other, the index at rest areas (especially at edges of the city) is reflect the Lack of influence of the (same) municipal services to these areas.

This study has been conducted with the aim of Spatial Analysis of Ilam passenger terminal because selection of suitable sites for an activity in the city is a massive decision which requires research in that place from different perspectives. Inappropriate placement of terminals in the city not only has negative effect on traffic network and bus network but also will have deleterious effects on the structure of city and urban context. This is important in cities, such as Ilam that has a large amount of population that enter it or exit. So in this research identifying effective factors to achieve sustainable development of terminals is notable. This research is descriptive-analytic. To analyze the data, the combination of geographic information system (GIS) and analytic Hierarchy (AHP) was used. The results of the study show that in locating Ilam's bus terminal, the necessary criteria and norms include the body criterion which is in really good condition(0.462), the social-economic criterion in good condition(0.380) and environmental criterion which is in relatively good condition (0.158). The results also showed that Ilam passenger terminals position is quite favorable and is located in appropriate zone and there are appropriate areas as desired patterns for passenger terminals in Ilam

By introducing the theory of sustainable city, ecological city, smart city, and green city in recent decades, Special attention to design in harmony with nature, ecological sustainability and climate issues are considered urban designers and the planners. Thus, issues such as energy saving, control the energy exchange between human and artificial and natural environment and provide thermal comfort for urban spaces users, become an integral part of urban design studies. Therefore, the present study is aimed at address the issue of energy management in urban scale with emphasis on the role of the urban form on thermal comfort and microclimate, by using a descriptive-analytical method and review researches and similar experiences. This study investigates the impact of urban form on microclimate and find the components of urban form affects the local climate and thermal comfort in urban open spaces in the hierarchy of urban scale (the individual buildings up to urban fabric). The results show Spatial, physical and environmental dimensions of elements of urban form in different scales, for example geometric characteristics (shape, height, size, orientation), the occupation and density, pattern and form layout, materials (type, color) of roof, wall, and floor, H/W (ratio of height to width), the sky view factor (SVF), pattern (structure) of street network, vegetation (type and density), land use influence the thermal comfort of urban open spaces that notion to them in the process of planning and urban design, could lead to the creation of spaces that provide thermal comfort for users in all seasons.

Nowadays, over 30 percent of population in metropolitans consists of suburbans. The fast evolution from ruralism into urbanization, in particular following land reform led to emergence of suburb neighborhoods around the cities. The present research tries to review the achievement and non-achievement of empowerment policies of municipality and city Islamic council of Tabriz in 3 past periods.This research is of development-applies type and conducted by analytical-descriptive method, and two documental and surveying methods were used to collect required data. To gather the statistic and data, the enactments of 3 past periods of Tabriz Islamic council and also questionnaire were utilized. one questionnaire was compiled and 384 persons of suburbanites of Tabriz were selected as statistical sample and the questionnaire were distributed among them. Based on uni-sample T-test, the average satisfaction of Tabriz suburbanites from function of city council is 2.7 that in comparison with standard average (I

One of the problems that today most of the planning and management of cities, especially metropolises of the country can be seen, the lack of appropriate space allocation and layout optimization service elements and physical city, including medical centers (hospitals) is. The location just adjacent urban hospitals than other users can open the way to some of today's urban problems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and analysis of location in relation to other hospitals in the metropolitan city of Ahvaz adjacent facilities according to the standards and criteria of locating hospital. In this regard, the survey hospital after identification of the user's location and extraction of spatial standards, proximity and consistent user to check the status of metropolitan hospital in Ahvaz using FAHP in geographic information system (GIS) is paid. To achieve this aim, according to the study, of the 16 intelligence layer as the layers of fault, river, fire, gas station, military, green areas, population density, the arteries of the Grade 1, cemeteries, terminals, gas stations, slaughterhouses, Parking , workshops and users exercise is used. Research is - development and descriptive approach - analysis was performed. The results indicate that most hospitals are located in the zone of conflict that does not meet the criteria to urban planning.

In the context of the human environment in urban areas, providing standards require that at a glance it can be called quality of life standards. As the most important and most fundamental purpose of urban planning to meet the needs and improve the quality of life of peopleis living in cities The quality of life distribution service institutions including housing quality, environmental quality, employment, education, health, etc. in the city managers and urban planners are. Accordingly, the aim of this study and analysis of the quality of urban life in the city of Shiraz. The research was descriptive - analytical studies and questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS software And then use single-sample T-test first citizen's satisfaction was measured quality of life in the city.
And then use the models topsis, AHP and vikor urban areas of Shiraz in the enjoyment of life quality indicators were prioritized.The results show that the index of entertainment, education and the environment is higher than average sense of satisfaction.
As well as facilities and equipment, civil society and services in terms of medium are satisfied. Health indicators, employment and housing are lower than average satisfaction with quality of life.
The results of the ranking of the districts indicates significant differences in the quality of life in ten districts of the city and inequality between the old and new areas are areas.

Proper interaction in system stability resulting in metropolis in it. So knowledge of factors affecting sustainability; are important to achieving this. In this paper, both in the urban system and the interaction between them is of particular interest; Urban transport and urban tourism in the context of the metropolis of Tehran, In the area of 22 municipalities, Sphere of influence in the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake (Lake Cheetgar). Accordingly, after considering the factors affecting the sustainability of transportation systems in connection with tourism, Through statistical analysis of these components, but in four major indicators discussed. The research method was descriptive analyzes that In which data collection is based on questionnaires that was distributed Among experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, transport and tourism traffic . The population of about 100 people who have been elected by non-random purposive And to analyze data collected from software SPSS22 And statistical methods are used t-test and Friedman test. The test results show that the four criteria of sustainability study(Environmental, social, economic, and transportation), Lack of stability is required And the factors affecting sustainability, environmental criteria have been most affected And standard of transportation with minimal impact on system stability assessment of transportation District 22 of Tehran's access to the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake.

Thermal remote sensing provides to study the surface energy balance in the global and regional scale. The Use of heat, is essential for a lot of earth science studies. During the past decade several studies have been done about the relationship between body temperature, infrared waves and thermal radiation from the atmosphere.
In this study, to estimate the temperature of the surface and to estimate the temperature of the soil from the surface temperature estimated the SEBAL algorithm was used. For this purpose, thermal images of Landsat 8 from 15/9/2014 and to pass and pass 33 168 and 34-168 were used. The obtained meteorological data from the General Directorate of Meteorology Research Center of East Azarbaijan Province was used to verify the results. For the various stages of pre-processing and implementation of SEBAL algorithm ArcGIS10.1 Envi4.8 softwares were used.
In this study, by calculating the surface temperature of the city of Tabriz, the temperature of the soil has been calculated. The results showed that soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm at the same depth is less than the minimum temperature during the morning and it is because of the time delay loss. With the increase in soil temperature the trend of temperature reduction is reduced and in the depth of about 40 cm this change is quite small. Temperature changes at different hours of day¡ at a depth of 100 cm, is relatively the same.