نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1395)

he beginnings of social justice have rooted in spatial and environmental justice. Spatial justice one of issues programming is based on geography it aims is satisfy the needs of the residents of geographical areas. Extensive spatial zones Ardebil Affected by the spatial injustice of the development indicators. Thus, present study investigates and the assessment of spatial justice in development governorates city of Ardabil. Research method is Descriptive- analytical with applied purpose. The statistical population is included 10 city Ardebil According to the Statistical Yearbook 1390. To assess spatial justice in development of the city of 40 indicators has been used developed effectively. To determine the importance of each of the indices of Shannon entropy method and to analyze and ranking city used from two TOPSIS model and VIKOR. Since the the results of the two models in some cases were inconsistent with each other, to reach a general consensus, has been used Integration method (mean rank, Bordar, Copeland). The results the integration techniques show that Ardabil city ranked first in terms of of having Is a very good indicator of the development of the situation. . After this city, a city in a developed Vnmyn anklet, cities of khalkhal and Namin in a developed, City of Sarein and Kosar semi-developed, City of Meshkin Shahr, Pars Abad and nire less developed And city of moghan and Bilesuar are deprived of in development indicators.

Housing as one of the main infrastructure development and multi-faceted issue with various biological, social and economic aspects, needed to accurate and comprehensive study. And recognition using existing techniques and the ranking to them, and they have not identified in different fields. Housing as one of the main infrastructure development and category with various aspects of environmental, social and economic, requires careful study and all – out. the present study of the type of descriptive and analytical approach to the library and documents required data collected and with a view to measure the amount of developed counties in the central province of housing to those who has been using topsis and vikor techniques ranking to analyse indicators of housing in the study area to pay . the results of the research suggests that counties, with its huge population like Arak and Saveh at a low level of developed nations are in indicators and vice versa provinces, with a population of less like Khondab and Farahan were at an acceptable level and Spearman test showed represents the reverse relationship between the population and industrial development with the utility housing.at the end of the housing also predicted required in the coming years .

The dwellings is one of the crucial requirements for human survive and development. In other words, Sustainable, stable and secure housing is fundamental need of every people. However, providing and accessibility of stable housing has faced with many issues due to lack of financing, poor management and low capacity, particularly in developing countries. Such issues along with rapid growth of informal settlement, low quality of buildings and vulnerability against natural disasters has led to necessity of addressing to housing issues. Accordingly, this paper analysis physical structure of housing in Islam Abad, Zanjan from sustainable development perspectives. The research method is descriptive-analytical and AHP technique and ArcGIS has been used. Data collection was based on field study and documentary. The findings revealed that Islam Abad neighborhood has fenced many challenge and problems such as incompatible land uses, low quality of buildings, using unstable materials, and small size parcels. In fact, physical structure of housing is not sustainable and more than 58 percent of dwellings are not stable.

In the 21st century a large and compelling reasons exist to encourage cycling. Bicycle undeniable role in the development of tourism activities, increase the value of the land, occupy less urban space, industrial recruitment, increased employment and local commerce plays. Transportation by biking to increasingly reduce traffic problems, pollution, expensive road infrastructure, congestion events, compared to personal vehicles. Ahvaz due to its high population and the natural potential and infrastructure that is needed to design the bike path And the priority is to join those cities in the world in terms of technology the bike at top level. For the purpose of locating and design of bicycle paths in the city of Ahvaz, slope indicators, safety, beauty, comfort, continuity and clarity Previous research by studying domestic and foreign, Delphi technique, and expert's viewpoints And with respect to the Bank spatial data is extracted Ahvaz. Due to the different impact indicators mentioned above, the hybrid model GIS-AHP-FUSSY and Network Analyst Tools tool for the evaluation and preparation of spatial model parameters are used. In addition to identifying the most important elements affecting the locating and design of bicycle paths in the city of Ahvaz Determine the best path route suggestions can be key finding of this study.

the present study sought to evaluate the indices of quality of life in the neighborhood Jelvani rural backgrounds, millet texture marginalized backgrounds and historical backgrounds are Shahshahan. The research method is descriptive - analytical and the data collection based on questionnaire-that is the among the local population in each district on the basis of 3 children and have been distributed. The sample consisted of 350 people in distressed areas. To determine the sample size of the sample was used to analyze the data collected at the end of the one-sample t SPSS software and statistical methods were used. The results showed that three quarters of the under index studied only in two sub-quality social relationships and environment in the neighborhood Jelvani average calculated by the average favorable (3) that the statistically significant results absence. So it should be noted that none of the calculated average under index more out of desirable absence. This means that in all three areas studied under index desirable quality of life is below average. The comparison also showed that three quarters indices calculated mean values below the average desirable. The results also showed that three quarters of the neighborhood Shahshahan (old texture with historical background) of the highest quality (43/2) and neighborhood millet (old texture backgrounds slums), the lowest quality (02/2) have an important loss. The neighborhood Jelvani (old texture rural backgrounds) between the two quarters is above the value of 24/2.

The beginning of tourism planning, behavior, and a tourist at a tourist spot with emphasis on assessing the current situation, the capabilities and versatility of demanding tourists, who provide the planning process to facilitate the development of tourism. The female tourists from the key tenets of the industry, has always been neglected. Darrehshahr city (the ancient name Madaktu) in Ilam province is one of the areas prone in the field of tourism. Hence, the present study, the capabilities and advantages of tourism in the area of tourism development from the perspective of tourist women studied, analyzed and evaluated, as well as tourists satisfaction with the measured variables and the development strategies tourism has proposed for women in this city. The cross-correlation methods were used to collect information and documentary studies library and a survey (questionnaire developed by the researchers) were used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation coefficient, ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test was used. The findings, most important obstacles and tourist attractions of the city Darrehshahr tourists determined women viewing angle. Also, one can Tourists satisfaction was measured variables; and finally, according to results presented suggestions for tourism boom women in the area.

Nowadays, environmental pollution with heavy metals has become a global issue. Heavy metals can enter the environment through human and natural resources. Soil can hold environmental pollution and these pollutants can be checked by chemical analysis. The purpose of this field survey is assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals around Ilam Cement factory. In this regard, a total of 20 soil samples taken in different directions and the concentration of Zinc, Cobalt, Manganese, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Chromium and Nickel in soil samples was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. In order to better understand about distribution of heavy metals, Geoaccumulation Index, Contamination Factor, modified Contamination Degree, Pollution Load Index methods applied. Results showed that although the concentration of all of heavy metals in the study area is less than standard but the correlation coefficient (R2) of elements in different directions show that the highest correlation coefficient for elements is in the North West direction of study area which is in agreement with main winds direction in the region. So wind direction is effective in elements distribution and their concentration decreased with distance from the factory.

The present study focused on feasibility assessment of establishing solar panels sites within the East Azerbaijan. The research’s methodology was established based on GIS spatial decision making systems. It should be mentioned that decreasing nonrenewable source's process has been considered as one of the serious challenges. Thus, using solar energy is a solution to deal with this challenge. The high topoclimatic and physical properties of the East Azerbaijan tends to establish solar panels for producing electricity. In order to evaluate the possibility of establishing solar systems, within this research we aim to apply GIS-multi criteria decision making models for integrating the data and selecting to potential sites for solar panels. To achieve this, the prior options from different options of analyses network model (ANP) was applied for analyzing the criteria. As part of methodology, the Landsat satellite was used for extracting land use/cover. The SRTM dataset also employed for exploring the elevation, slope, aspect and solar shining. The climate dataset were used for monitoring climatological parameters such as raining, temperature, humidity, number of dusty days, number of cloudy days and sunny hours within the period of 1986 to 2014. Finally the solar panel suitability maps achieved by compounding the informative layers and multiplying those criteria were accessed from executing the model. The results indicated that 48.61% of the study area has very high suitability for solar panels programs. While the northern parts of East Azerbaijan province includes very low potentiality for producing solar based energy.

Considering the importance of rural women employment in the household economy and reduce the economic burden caused by a lack of income in rural households, this study has identified barriers to employment for rural women in Chardavol Township. And by 12 experts from Jihad Agriculture Organization of Chardavol township, the barriers of women's employment is prioritized using the analytic network process.Information required compiled by the questionnaire in 2014. The Super Decision software was used for the statistical calculation. The results showed that the barriers of women's employment in this township are respectively: Feeling maternal, inability to compete for jobs, low bargaining power of women, masculine jobs, Wage differences between men and women, the lack of teaching of jobs for women, unrelated education about women, kind of jobs, low physical ability, the task of raising a child, family prejudices, housekeeping duties, unpaid domestic work, the emotional nature of women, illiterate women, Indecent of women's employment and good financial condition.

The most land forms of Iran highlands, is very similar to glacial Cirque. The current the height permanent boundary snow are above of the highest mountain peaks in this regions. In all studies of the Quaternary ice ages, special attention has been to determining the height permanent boundary snow, identified on the basis absolute height Circus floor. The mountains Alvand in Hamedan to over 3,500 meters height and latitude 34.5 degrees north, have many circus forms, that these suggests the Quaternary glacial activity. The height permanent boundary snow masses, be estimated with two methods Wright and slope- direction. Several studies field suggest that accumulation of snow near the wall the circus has more robust in facing. Accordingly, in this article, pay special attention to how to determine the height of the circus floor, according to the distribution of contour lines of the peaks to the foothills, in order to determine the height of the slope to the floor of the circus and the estimation of height that more than 60 percent of circuses has higher than its, such changes have been made to estimate the height permanent boundary snow. The height such of change is different in range of the slope of Nesar and slope of Negar, resulting the height permanent boundary snow is different. This height be estimated by method slope- direction on bases three factors latitude, slope amount and slope direction, that these confirm the above.