فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پاییز 1392)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the reflection of enforcing the social security plan in the three Iran, Hamshahri, and Etemad Newspapers during 2007 – 2009 in Tehran. The statistical population of this study, which has been done in content-analysis method, contains all the relevant issues to social security plan that were published at the time in question. After coding the relevant issues to social security plan in the three mentioned Newspapers, 302 issues were obtained and then analyzed using SPSS software. The reliability was obtained 82% using Scott formula which means having two common ideas in 82% of all of the issues. The results showed that:• One-sixth of published issues in the mentioned Newspapers had the headlines on the first page and one-third of the issues had the headlines of direct quotations and this fact confirms the importance of the issue and the addressor. Since more than half of the issues have been quoted from I.R.I Police authorities, it can be concluded that the Newspapers addressed the relevant issues of the plan and the ways of its enforcement by the Police with positive attitude. • There is a significant difference between the mentioned Newspapers regarding the ways of covering the dimensions of social security plan in a way that the Iran and Hamshahri Newspapers devoted most of their coverage as “main headline” without any reference to the six folded dimensions; most of Etemad Newspaper’s coverage was devoted to confrontation of bad-clothing and fighting against molesters.• Most of the published issues in the three mentioned Newspapers were released in “news” style.• There is a significant difference between the Newspapers regarding the “bias against the Plan”. Based on these findings, Hamshahri Newspaper had the most positive bias in favor of and the Etemad Newspaper had the most negative bias against the social security plan and the ways of its enforcement by the police.

This study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the transformational leadership and organizational innovation in I.R.I Preventive Police Organization. The statistical population of the study was all of the preventive police senior officers in Tehran. The sampling method was simple sampling and the sample size was 55 members of the statistical population. In order to investigate the validity and reliability, the Cronbach Alpha Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used. The research tool was questionnaire. The findings, in 99% of confidence, indicate that the development of transformational leadership and all of its components, i.e., the ideal influence of leader, creating mental persuasion and inspiration motive, and individual considerations of leader lead to the innovation growth and development in the organization. The results showed that except the effect of transformational leadership on staffs’ empowerment, the other components were not confirmed in the confidence level and the main result obtained from the study shows the effect of transformational leadership style on organizational innovation in I.R.I Preventive Police Organization.

The present paper tries to answer the following question by investigating the conceptualization of citizen security; can the concept of citizen security help the reconstruction of security in developing countries? By raising this question, after the issue’s conceptualization using descriptive-analytic method, this fact has been examined that how the concept of citizen security would lead to the violence in developing countries and affects the citizen performance from the governments? The formulated hypothesis is that the functions of citizen security concept can help the functional and conceptual reconstruction and social security of developing countries. The findings indicate that citizen security can help create a correct image of the reasons behind social conflicts through evaluating the environmental hazards. In addition, Islam has the required instructions for designing the security theory appropriate with this time and age in all dimensions. The security that Islam claims is not arbitrary and police security. The Islamic views believe in the superiority of wisdoms and ideals such as justice and freedom in security.

The duty and the dangerous missions of I.R.I Police urge the official environment to be safe and free from any challenges. Hence, the present study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the I.R.I Police official environment and the performance of its staff. The statistical population of the study is all of the office staffs of I.R.I Police headquarters. The sampling was done using Morgan random sampling table leaving 150 people as thestatistical population. The data collection tool was a 40-item questionnaire which was analyzed by Likert scale. This study is of a correlational descriptive-survey type. Using the Pearson correlation test, the work holism, lack of motivation, job security, job stress, and authoritative management – which are some of the characteristics of office environment, have been investigated. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant correlation between workaholism and staff performance (r=.01). There is a negative and significant correlation between job stress and staff efficacy, meaning that by increasing job stress, the performance of the staff decreases. The results also indicated that by increasing the lack of motivation among staff members, their efficacy and functions decrease. On the other hand, there is a positive and significant relationship between authoritative management and staff performance and efficacy.

Victims have an important role in the process of criminal justice and without their cooperation this process would be interfered and its formation would face some problems and obstacles. After crime occurrence, those victims who suffered from damage and hurts enter the process of criminal justice. In this regard, police is the first institution that victims deal with. Hence, police have an important role in decreasing the victims’ spiritual and physical hurts and also legally support them. This support would be successful if police take the role of victims into special considerations and ask them to participate in different stages of the cases. In fact, police cannot achieve the required success in supporting the victims and decreasing the damage resulting from crime and in this regard they need the victims’ cooperation. In this study, the documentation, observation, interview, and content analysis methods have been used. The findings of this study show that the victims play a role in different stages: declaring victimization, crime detection, preserving crime scene, recognizing the convict or convicts, gathering the evidence, following up the cases, cooperating with police, obeying police recommendations, and even monitoring police performance including careful investigations, and rapid and accurate processing of the investigations. On the other hand, law enforcement experts believe that for achieving more success in police legal support of victims, it is necessary for the victims to take the police demands into considerations in this process. In order to operationalize the abovementioned issues, police should provide the executive pavements of victims’ participation in different stages of follow-up so that they can achieve the required success in legal supporting of the victims and demanding their rights.

Economic crime is one of the important hurts that threatens the economic security of the countries. This fact has more clear dimensions in the countries that have economic rent. Economic crimes are related to the other chains of crimes; crimes such as bribery, money laundry, forging customs or tax declarations, and organized interfering in economic system that each one per se is able to destroy national beneficiary and social capitals. Financial windfalls, disturbing economic balance, capital loss, disturbing the authorities and managers’ programs for controlling the economic health and security, etc. are the common factors of all economic crimes. For this reason, the governments try to identify the real reasons and factors of committing economic crimes so that they can support the economic security and order through ratifying the regulations in this domain. This study has been done in analytic-descriptive method and the needed data were collected using library studies. The results indicate that there isn’t any special court for economic crimes in judiciary system of Iran. On the other hand, although most of the initial investigation burdens of economic crimes are on the shoulders of judiciary liaisons, there is no required integrity in this regard and this issue is performed by various institutions in a way that much dispersion have been witnessed and even some of the institutions are not legally considered as the judiciary liaisons.

These days, the tourism industry is specifically important for the developed and developing countries and its beneficiaries and importance is undeniable. Tourism industry is referred to a smoke-free industry which is both the reason and consequence of globalization. In addition, tourism is very useful for making the world full of peace and happiness. People’s traveling around the world lead to the nations’ friendships and it makes the people understand that in spite of their cultural and racial differences, they could still be compatible and united in manyaspects of life. Various factors are involved in the development of tourism industry. In this regard, considering the legal regulations is one of the fundamental bases in the development of tourism industry. Rules and regulations clarify the mutual duties and rights of tourists and their aims are to organize the touristic activities in a stable direction. From Islamic perspectives, amity and friendship with strangers have always been emphasized in many verses and quotations of holy Quran. In this paper, in addition to tourism background analysis and explanation, its legal status is explained based on Islamic views. This study has been done in documentary and library studies methods.