فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

The formation of crime hotspots has a direct impact on quality of life, flourishing and prosperity, choosing the location of residence, and movement of the city towards instability. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine and measure the formation of spatial hotspots of the theft in the new city of Hashtgerd.
The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied methods such as Standard Deviation Oval, Nearest Neighbor Index and Kernel Density Estimation have been utilized.
Findings: The center of the medium crimes related to theft is located in Phase 3. The standard deviation oval of this crime has a north-south-west orientation. The Z test score is -22.510590, which confirms the formation of a crime cluster in Hashtgerd. Based on the results of the kernel density, the distribution of theft related crimes is in phases 1, 4, 7, and at lower levels in phase 2, and the radius of this crime has involved the city.
The addition of social and economic characteristics (poverty, residential mobility and ethnic diversity) and urbanization, such as lack of parking in Mehr Residence Complexes phases, lack of adequate lighting in roads, urban disruption and abundant empty spaces, empty units and broken windows are the most influential factors of theft in the new Hashtgerd city.

Sense of security is one of the indicators of quality of life. One of the threats to people's presence in public spaces is anxiety or feeling of insecurity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of police presence on people's sense of security in the resorts of Golestan, Mazandaran and Guilan provinces.
In order to reach this goal, the number of 598 people (about 200 people from each province) was selected from resorts in the provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan by stratified random sampling method and completed researcher made questionnaire on the sense of security by the presence of the police and the data were analyzed.
Findings: The findings of this study showed that people feel safe with the presence of the police, especially in the form of deployment and patrol. In terms of security and its components, there is a significant difference between the physical and symbolic presence of the police in the recesses. There is a meaningful difference in the sense of security and its components in the between deployment and patrol of police. There is no significant difference between women and men in terms of security. There is no meaningful difference between the types of feeling of security (life, financial and dignity) according to the presence of the police.
There is a significant difference among the provinces of Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in terms of security feeling in the presence of the police. Therefore, the real presence of the police in the recreational facilities helps to feel security.

Referring to the research literature on the relationship between suburbanization and crime shows an association between them. However, the question remains that why some suburban areas suffer a higher rate of crime? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question from the review of two suburban areas of Mashhad, Khaje Rabi (with high crime rates) and Golshahr (with lower crime rates).
This research was first used structural analysis method to compare the two regions of Golshahr and Khwaja Rabih in Mashhad. Then, using the qualitative method and the method of case study, investigated the causes of the lower crime rate in the Golshahr region.
Findings and The findings of the structural analysis of the two regions indicate that social disorganization cannot be accountable for the difference in the level of crime in the two regions. Also, the results of the qualitative method showed that the most important reason for the reduction of crime in Golshahr relative to Khoja Rabieh is the high number of Afghans in Golshahr. According to the research findings, the combination of internal control strategies, rational selection and external control can be the most effective in reducing crime rates.

Destruction in public spaces is one of the most undesirable social phenomena in most cities of the country, which causes serious damage. The necessity of this research is to identify the root causes of this phenomenon by adolescents. The main objective of the research is to identify the roots of destructiveness among adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old.
This research is descriptive and analytical. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Zanjan (about 39727 people) in 2016. Using Cochran method, 400 adolescents were selected as sample size to complete the questionnaire via simple random sampling method. Pearson tests, independent T and path analysis have been used to analyze the data.
Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the environmental variables, socioeconomic status, cultural base, psychological excitements, socialization and environmental factors with destructive behavior among adolescents.
Consequently, taking measures in the area of social, spatial, family planning and education can reduce the extent of destructive injuries.

Logical and systematic location of urban land use plays an important role in reducing urban disasters, especially types of crime. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of land use in the formation of delinquency patterns in the Islamabad neighborhood of Tehran Municipality District 2.
The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. Accordingly, the statistical population of the study is the total level of crimes committed during the one-year period in the unofficial settlement of Islamabad district 2 of Tehran.
Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the most violent crimes committed in Islamabad locality have occurred in residential areas. 207 cases or 62 percent of the crimes in the locality of Islamabad occurred in the residential area of this region. In the case of crimes committed in the residential area, 1838 cases accounted for 48.55% of total crimes. On the other hand, 67 cases of crimes equal to 20.25 percent of the crimes in the locality of Islamabad have occurred in mixed residential use.
The results show that the highest percentage of the area of the Islamabad locality is dedicated to the use of gardens and residential and residential land, in which the rate of residential and mixed residential uses in the Islamabad locality is about three times higher than in the whole region, indicating a kind of imbalance in the allocation of residential use in this area. This is the reason why most of the crimes committed in the area of Islamabad are occurring within the limits of non- residential and residential uses.

The phenomenon of theft as a criminal offense is one of the major problems of human societies. Police have always been looking for a way to identify effective measures in the field of theft prevention in the field of structural and mission, and to offer an effective solution for eliminating or reducing this offense. Police stations are one of the police stations that can be effective in preventing theft, in particular car theft. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of police stations in preventing vehicle theft in the southwestern region of Tehran.
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and nature, and as a method of implementation, it is a survey and descriptive-analytic. To collect data, field method and researcher-made questionnaire were used. The statistical population included 141 staff members in the south west of Tehran city. The face validity method was used to assess the validity of the items, and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha.
Findings and Findings and results of the research show that the location of police stations, correct management, organizational talent and organizational equipment of these stations are all effective in preventing vehicle theft. Based on the research carried out and the experiences of law enforcement activities conducted by researchers over the past years, one can conclude that, in proportion to the breadth and depth of interactions and exchanges between the police and the community, crimes can be effectively prevented at the community level.

Today, with increasing size, the expansion of cities, social relations and interactions among citizens have been weakened. Police play a vital role in providing security as an executive representative of the legislature as well as an active member of the community. The present article examines the role of police on the level of social interactions of citizens in urban public spaces in Sabzevar city as the second most populated city of border province in Khorasan Razavi province.
The research method is descriptive-analytic. A researcher-made questionnaire was used in order to measure the research relationships on the Likert Five-Point Scale. Validity of the questionnaire was verified through a content-based method by a number of faculty members in the field of architecture and urban planning, as well as through confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the present study included 239 residents of Pasdaran district of Sabzevar city which according to the Cochran formula was determined using simple random sampling. By distributing 275 questionnaires and returning 88%, the final 242 questionnaires were regarded as the basis for the analysis of data was.
Results and findings: The findings of this study, which have been carried out using Amos software and in the form of Structural Equation Modeling, suggest that police can increase the social interactions of citizens through the provision of financial and financial security.

The occurrence of theft, especially armed robbery as a clear sign of violence in society, has a negative impact on the society and the citizenry and has a direct relationship with the reduction of the sense of security. The present study aims to investigate cases of armed robber during the recent years, to identify the style of the thieves, and the vulnerability of target banks as the roots of those factors.
This is a descriptive study which is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting information, it is based on documents and surveys in which qualitative methods are used. The statistical population of the study was armed robbery cases of the Fars Province bank in the period from 2011 to 2015, archived in the Fars Police Intelligence Office. In this research, in order to analyze the armed robbery of banks by conducting interviews and reviewing the literature of the research, the indicators of each of the questions were specified and then, by compiling the questionnaire, the data required from the statistical population were taken and to describe the data from the tables of frequency, frequency charts and other descriptive statistics have been used.
Results and findings: The research findings show that the main deterrent to this crime is the deployment of armed guards inside the bank and irregular police patrolling and the factors affecting the increase in theft. Failure to pay attention to prevention guidelines, such as non-use of colored glass (in such a way that the inside of the bank is clear) and of suitable counterparts, of separating doors, inaccessible equipment and access to the cabin and some protective equipment will allow the bank to be selected by robbers for robbery.

Studies show that appropriate therapeutic interventions can significantly reduce the bullying outcomes of adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on decreasing bullying in junior school students in Shahrekord..
A quasi-experimental study of a pre-test and post-test type with control group was used. The statistical population included the junior school students in Shahr-e-Kord, who studied in the school year of 2014-2015. To conduct the research, 60 students were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 30 experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in the life skills training program for 10 sessions (weekly a 90-minute session), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects were re-examined after one month. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis using SPSS software.
Findings showed that life skills training significantly reduced the total score of the Illinois bullying scale questionnaire in the experimental group.
Considering the effectiveness of life skills training method in decreasing bullying scores of students, the importance of using new educational methods should be considered by trainers.

Attention to sociological or socialization indicators of special units is one of the main factors in their success in today's world. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop a social model of a special unit for the I.R.I. Police.
In order to implement this research, a qualitative and quantitative method has been used. In the first stage (qualitative), the focus group interview technique was used and according to the obtained data, a second phase questionnaire was designed. After collecting the information from the questionnaire, the results are evaluated and analyzed in depth. In the present research, the statistical society includes managers, custodians and law enforcement experts who have the ability to respond to the questions of the researcher, based on their job conditions or practical experience or conducting research and studies related to the subject matter of the research.
Findings and The results show that the principle of "Increasing the insight of the officers (breaking down good from evil) is invoked by the views of the Supreme Leader", with the highest score, and the principle of "Reforming and securing the laws needed by the special unit", enjoys the lowest score among the basic principles of the social capital model in the special unit of the I.R.I. Police. Meanwhile, the socio-logical model of the special I.R.I. Police's unit consists of five components: 1. Transformation o organizational goals and structure; 2. Change in the technology used to combat professional criminals and protection of the safety of ordinary people; 3. Modification of HR management; 4. Change in other resources (social assets, resistance economics, etc.); and 5. Modification of field behavior.