فصلنامه تحقیقات حشره شناسی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1394)

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae is an important pest because of the word wide distribution, extensive host range, severe damage, great rate of population growth and ability in creating resistance against pesticides. In the present study, the acaricidal effect of the essential oils of two plant species, Pimpinella anisum L.and Satureja bachtiarica Bungewere tested against the adults of Tetranychus urticae. Air-dried plant materials including seeds of P.anisum and herbage of S.bachtiarica, were distilled using a circulatory Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at ºC until tested. The amounts of the essential oils for P.anisum applied were 3.33, 6.66, 13.33, 26.66 and 53.33 μl/L air and for S.bachtiarica were 0.166, 0.33, 0.66, 1.33 and 2.66 μl/L. The vapours of these two plant species were toxic to adults of T. urticae. The value of LC50 on adults were 10.63 μl/L air for P.anisum and 0.33 μl/L air for S.bachtiarica. Also with increasing oil concentration, mortality rate of adults increased. According to results the P.anisum and S.bachtiarica essentials oil are appropriate in integrated pest management of two-spotted spider mite and can be considered as bio-pesticide.

Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of ornamental plants such as rose plants in many regions of the world. Population densities of this mite were recorded on 3 rose cultivars, including Dolcevita, Red naomi and White naomi in a greenhouse at 20 ± 3°C, 70% RH and 10 hour L and 14 hour D. Numbers of eggs, larvae, nymph and adults were counted in one cm2 on lower part of leaves. Analysis of variances showed that the number of eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults were significantly different on the rose cultivars. The mean number of total mites on Dolcevita, Red naomi and White Naomi were 3.45, 7.7 and 8.97 per square cm. respectively. Based on the results White naomi was the most susceptible and Dolcevita was the least resistant cultivar.

Due to the extensive use of pesticides in all fresh consumptive vegetables and fruits, it is important to detect the residues of these compounds. Due to short period between spraying and harvest time, cucumber can show a higher level of contamination. This experiment was carried out to investigate the residues of Deltamethrin (EC 2.5%), in a Storm cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse. Plants were sprayed at recommended doses (0.5 g/lit) and, samples were collected 1 hour, 1, 3, 5 & 7 days intervals after treatment. Pesticides residues were analyzed using GC-MS. Results showed that Deltamethrin levels below maximum residue level recommended by codex (0.2 mg/kg) were detected 5 days after application and no residues were detected on the 7th day. The average of recovery from fortified samples with 0.5 ppm of Deltamethrinobtained 91.3%.

The insert repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelirum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts was investigated against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) adults. The plants They were dried in room temperature and soaked in 98% ethanol, then concentrated by use of evaporation apparatus. Extract concentrations of 5, 10, 30 and 50% were prepared with pure acetone. Experiments were carried out according to filter paper method. Repellency percentage of each extract was recorded after one, three, five and ten hours of exposure at four replicates. The results showed that, repellency of both extracts increased significantly as concentrations rate and time of intervals increased. The highest repellency (76.6%) achieved 10h after exposure for camethorn and the least (3.33%) was obtained after one hour of treatment for nettle. Also, the repellency of camelthorn was more than nettle in all concentrations. According to results of this study, the camelthorn has a good potential to use as repellant for control of stored product pests.

Insects are about 75% of identified animal species in the world and of which 3% are aquatic insects. Aquatic; Insects are differently sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors in environment. This study was carried out to calculate the biotic index of Anjireh river, Shiraz ( Fars province) using aquatic insects fauna during October, November and December of 2013. 18 Families were collected and identified in 12 Sample Sites of this river. The biotic index of the river was 5.91, which showed that the quality of this river was fairly poor.

Rose is one of the most important priorities in production of flowers and ornamental plants due to its beauty and high use. Tetranychus urticae is one of the most serious pests of roses in greenhouses of Markazi province, Iran. In recent years, chemical pesticides are mainly used to control this pest. The effect of three acaricide, Baroque, Abamectin and Fenazacoein on nymphs of Tetranychus urticae was investigated on three varieties of roses, Utopia, White Naomi and Dolcevita. Number of nymphs in one square centimeter of leaves were counted 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying. The means comparison of the percentage of Nymph mortalities showed that Baroque on Dolcevita had the greatest and Abamectin on Utopia had the least effect most and three days after the first treatment Moreover, Abamectin on White Naomi had the greatest and Fenazacoein on Dolcevita had the least effect most and five days after the second treatment. This research showed that Baroque and Abamectin on Dolcevita and White Naomi had the most effect on decreasing of the pest population.

Phebotomine sand flies are reported as the vectors of different kinds of leishmaniasis and arboviruses to human. Three forms of leishmaniasis, namely: visceral, zoonotic cutaneous and anthroponotic cutaneous affect Esfahan province. Antibodies against three arbovirouses, Nepales, Sicilian and Karimabad, were found from serum and blood specimen residents in this province too.The aim of this study was to prepare a checklist and geographical distribution of Phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of the agents from Esfahan province. In the field work, sand flies were collected by sticky paper traps from 10 collection stations of Natanz, Mobarakeh, Shahreza and Esfahan city areas of Esfahan province during 2006 to 2013. Also literature review was done on all publish reports which have been done by researchers on Phlebotomine sand flies in this province during 1968 to 2013. A total of 170380 specimen sand flies revealed 28 species are in this province. Phlebotomus papatasi as the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and arbovirouses and also P. sergenti as the main vector of anthroponotic cutaneouse leishmaniasis were collected from all areas of this province. Also P. alexandri, P. major, P. kandelaki and P. keshishiani as suspected vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran were found in this province.The geographical distribution of each 28 species of sand flies in Esfahan province and some important notes of them is demonstrated in this article.

In this study, the fauna of order Entomobryomorpha was investigated in different regions of Kermanshah province during 2012-2014. Totally 20 species of Entomobryomorpha belonging to 4 families, 8 subfamilies and 13 genera were collected and identified from Kermanshah. The genus Subisotoam (Stach, 1947) with two species Subisotoma variabilis Gisin, 1949 and Cyphoderus bidenticulatus Parona, 1888 are newly recorded for fauna of Iran. Families Paronellidae and Tomoceridae, two genera Cyphoderus Nicolet, 1842 and Tomocerus Nicolet, 1842 and two species Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871) and Cyphoderus albinus Nicolet, 1842 are also new for Kermanshah province. We also provided the checklist of the Entomobryomorpha fauna which have been reported in different reign of Kermanshah province until now. The present list contains 36 species belonging to 15 genera and 4 families. A key to the known Kermanshah genera of order Entomobryomorpha is provided too.