فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 19 (بهار 1396)

From the perspective of urban planners, parks are one of the prominent public areas in the city and important parts of the urban body, human and natural structures that are considered as an alive and dynamic element that has a role of ecological, social and embellish feedback in the face of the city. The aim of this project is to evaluate the quality stages of the urban parks of Ahvaz. The approach of the research is descriptive-analysis, subjective, and measurement. The under study indicators are calculating the park area, the green space areas, the drainage conditions, the number of light stands, the number of chairs and benches, the number of trash cans, the number of trees and bushes, the washrooms, playing equipment, the fountains, the passage areas, the bowers, the statues and commemorations, the security, buffets, restaurants, drinking water, and the children’s playground. To process and analyze the data we used the Electere models and to evaluate the weighted indicators, the ANTROPY model was applied. Finally, after evaluating the research indicators, the quality stages of the parks in the district No.4 of Ahvaz city were defined. The results showed that the 4th urban district of Ahvaz, enjoys less quality in comparison to other districts, and the 2nd urban district enjoys better quality stages among the urban areas.

Urban forms and sector designing play important roles in choosing trip transportation vehicle and covered distance. So, population density, land application and distributed transportation has a direct relationship with trip using automobile. Related studies in 1998 showed that household traffic behavior changes through establishing in different environments. On the other hand, urban form influences on household energy consumption and GHS propagation. This study is aimed to examine the urban trip behavior comparatively in Hamedan city. Typical samples included two districts in Hamedan. Therefore, sectors 202, 203, 210 and 215 in these districts were selected. Regarding urban form, four variables including density, availability and distance or adjacency to city center and also other four variables including trip, trip duration, trip transportation vehicle, and trip length about urban trip behavior were examined which then following results were obtained: satisfaction amount in fields closer to city center such as sectors 202 and 203, regarding urban trip was much more than sectors 210 and 215, due to more compact forms, application integrity and higher availability level. Besides, urban behavior similarity about different urban forms about reliability level of 0.05-alpha was neglected. It was demonstrated that there was a significant relation between urban trip variables including (trip frequency, trip duration, trip transportation vehicle, trip length) and also given variables such as age, sexuality and education of respondents, family members and family income with trip behavior.

Irregularity of spatial organization in developing countries (third world) has been arisen from socioeconomic and political structures. The resonance of aforementioned mechanism have been created issues such as regional imbalances. Rupture of the spatial organization and lack of non-hierarchy based relationship between the settlements are one of the main problem in the spatial and regional development of Kurdistan province. On this basis, the present study aims to analysis the spatial organization of Kurdistan province and its changes during the seven census period (1335-1390). In this context, the determination and establishment of a hierarchy of human settlement is an essential and effective base for population distribution, activities, services and functions at different level of spatial development. The main purpose of this research is an investigation upon urban systems, spatial organization and distribution of human population in the study area. The research method is based on the nature of the subject which is combined of analytical and descriptive method. Along to the analytical approach of methodology that has been used in this research in order to gain to spatial equilibrium variety of models and index including: growth, size and spatial structure of city, the rank-size rule, urban primary index, entropy coefficient, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve SWOT analysis and etc. were used. The result indicates that there is a remarkable spatial imbalance in spatial organization and urban systems in Kurdistan province. Together these results provide important insights into the fact that to reach for balanced and sustainable development in the spatial organization context, creating same opportunities, equal distribution of facilities and services are inevitable.

Behavioral bases that individual units of the environment in their everyday life experiences¡ will be involved with them and appropriate to the situation will change behavior. In this context, the educational environment as a great behavioral setting, has areas of performance in a behavioral setting, each of which is also open to different behaviors. This research by analyzing the behavior settings in Tahzib art school and check the factors affecting on power of the behavior setting in an art school On one hand discussed ongoing pattern of behavior settings And the other examines specifications of behavior settings, Research approach is qualitative, and is descriptive analysis, that will be done in the first chapter as content analysis and In person part will be done as Case studies. Finally the observed behaviors of the students in schools and behavior patterns offers the solution in each of the domains to strengthen each of the behavior settings. And this results obtained that for example in art school workshops and classes with creating flexible furniture, the perfect size of class, Natural light, using natural elements, Allocate a portion of the class to private space and It can be effective in strengthening the behavior settings. The need to study is checking the characteristics of each behavior settings and creating strategies for each behavior setting.
In another case create various corridors and dynamic that using symbols and elements, works of students cause creating variations place for social exchange and leads corridors behavior setting empowerment.
Another important behavior setting in art school is yard space that for power of this behavior setting can design zigzag ways, embedded equipment for interactive games. Use of green space for sitting, create privacy in girls school and diversified flooring with geometric shapes. That this factors leads yard space behavior setting power.
As a result with creating responsive space for activities in behavior setting can added power behavior settings.

The aim of this study is the investigation of the influencing factors on socialization of the internal space of subway stations rely on the different affordances in this type of spaces. Nowadays, the space of subways have critical and useful role as one of the urban space because of the many usage of the people during the day. It seems that such spaces have been interested as place for functional aspects toward the convenient and fast transportation as well as it can be underlined the promotion the social interaction among users. So, it seem that by recognition of the factors that supply the formation of this issue in these spaces, it can gone toward the recurrence of the social demands of the humans. In this regard, after the definition of the theoretical framework of this research consist of the extraction and pluralization of all influencing factors on socialization of people in the subway spaces, the design of questionnaire toward the collection of information have been done. About 200 questionnaires have been published in various urban subway station of Tehran and Karaj and the result analyzed by using the Fredman and T-test sample. The obtained result have been shown that among of various influencing factors on socialization of subway spaces, the factors such as the diversity of furniture and the existence of various application that categorized in the subset of the functional factors are the first and second priorities which influence in community of people in subway stations

Population increase in large cities and uncontrolled urban development without proper planning, Causing a lot trips particularly in private vehicles. Moving is the main factor in maintaining the dynamism of urban life and all economic activities, social, cultural in the cities. In addition, transport and its associated infrastructure also directly and indirectly affect the physical development of cities. In case of organizing network access as critical lifelines of the city, urban fabric will able to continue its life And provides a chance to grow and further develop. Undoubtedly inefficient communication network is one of the most important problems of urban growth. Narrow streets, the interwoven, non-geometric and inconsistent with the access requirements, in addition to make difficult the movement and access to context for residents, providing services and urban Facilities is also facing difficulties. Sanandaj is located, as an administrative center in Kurdistan province and the metropolitan area, and the communication axis north-south road (No. 10) and the axis connecting the East-West .and it has Socio-economic and political role in the province's dominant pole , Also, because of the particular structure of supply of services and facilities referred not only rural areas, but residents of other cities and even towns and villages outside the province as well. In this paper, descriptive - analytic method that aims to create a feasibility study for the city of Sanandaj subway lines and suburban done It has been tried to use geographic information system (GIS) and utilizes the IHWP models and measures with regard to communication, social - economic, environmental and physical-spatial optimal routes for transportation (subway) emplacement. The results indicate that the proposed routes for the Metro North axis - Nanaleh -airport South and East - West Abidar- Naysr the priority medium-term (up to 15 years) is embedded.

Inattention to the special cultural and spatial features and indigenous and local values in urban development processes leads to uniformity of appearance and the appearance of cities and urban neighborhoods as places of crystallization of culture and their identity lost their position as well as the charm of the place and cultural distinctions have faded in this regard. In this regard, the need to review the efforts to recreate the historical contexts in order to utilize the features and potentials and to promote a sense of belonging and finally a sense of community identity is considered. The role of historical sites in the past as a location of crystallization of current culture is very strong and important.
This research as one of the first studies in the field of cultural regeneration in order to promote neighborhood identity is going to analyze the determinants of neighborhood identity regarding the criteria of cultural heritage. Also, based on case study approach, neighborhood of Stone Lion of Hamadan is selected as a case study to provide a realistic understanding of the factors contributing to the enhancement of cultural regeneration, because of its rich historical identity, however it is losing its neighborhood identity today. Based on field work, initial talks and conceptual model, purposeful questionnaires have been prepared. To find changing relationships between variables, for the analysis of questionnaire data, spss statistical techniques have been used.
By studying and identifying positive and successful aspects of cultural regeneration, this research is aimed to identify the procedures of this approach and study socio-cultural aspects of urban neighborhoods to promote neighborhood identity. In the end, with emphasis on these criteria, Stone Lion of Hamedan which is rich in history and identity has been analyzed. Regarding four main criteria of cultural regeneration and six main criteria of neighborhood, the results showed that a strong connection between these main criteria can help to enhance neighborhood identity and thereby cause a sense of belonging among citizens.

Select Ideal sites to establish service centers at the level of a village can also be a good assistant for the villagers order to quick and convenient access to these services. If the distributions of rural services do not commensurate with the needs of residents will cause a lot of problems in regional system. Therefore, the problem of this research will form the main stream is, “evaluation of suitable zones for create of rural social service centers in lami rural district of Ahvaz”. This study from to goal is a kind of theoretical research, application and in terms of the nature and method of analysis and description. Data collection was carried out in two forms questionnaires completed by 30 expert rural affairs and general population and housing census data 1390. Also were used AHP analytic hierarchy process model and the ideal point method IPM for achieving the research objectives. Data analysis was carried out by in the application media of ArcGIS10.4.1 media and Expert Choice and Excel. The results show that the parameters of study, criteria for access to services sanitary and treatment with a 0/196 percent, to be allocated most score as well as population density criteria, access to infrastructure and access to educational and cultural services are important in later stages. A map overlay criterion indicates that the village of rural district lami, daghagheleh village is the perfect situation for create of rural social service centers and rural development. From calculation of the ideal point method it can be concluded that villages of jassanieh bozorg and daghagheleh, with amounts of 0/0070, 0/0246 have the least value Si and became known as the most developed villages in the district lami. Likewise three shaeimott with amounts of 0/0977 have the highest value Si and became known as the most disadvantaged rural villages in terms of and rural facilities.