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Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research - Volume:9 Issue: 1, Mar 2017

Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Mar 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Fatemeh Gholami, Malihe Khoramdad, Nader Esmailnasab*, Ghobad Moradi, Bijan Nouri, Saeid Safiri, Yousef Alimohamadi Pages 1-11
    Introduction
    There is no global consensus on the relationship of dairy products with cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the consumption of dairy products on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD).
    Methods
    Important electronic databases such as the Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed were evaluated up to September 2014. All prospective cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between dairy products consumption and cardiovascular diseases were included regardless of their publication date and language. The study participants were evaluated regardless of age, sex, and ethnicity. The STROBE checklist was used to assess quality of the study. Two investigators separately selected the studies and extracted the data. The designated effects were risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR). The random effect model was used to combine the results.
    Results
    Meta-analysis was performed on 27 studies. There were 8648 cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 11806 cases of CHD, and 29300 cases of stroke. An inverse association was found between total dairy intake and CVD (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) and stroke (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) while no association was observed between total dairy intake and CHD. The total diary intake was associated with decreased mortality of stroke (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.76-0.83) although it had no association with its incidence (RR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04).
    Conclusion
    This is the first meta-analysis of the relationship of total dairy intake with CVD. This study showed an inverse relationship between total dairy intake and CVD while no relationship was found for CHD. Considering the limited number of studies in this regard, more studies are required to investigate the effect of different factors on the association of dairy intake and CVD.
    Keywords: Dairy Foods, Cardiovascular Diseases, Meta, analysis, Prospective Cohort Studies
  • Roya Kelishadi, Ramin Heshmat*, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Maryam Bahreynian, Saeid Safiri, Gelayol Ardalan, Ehsan Rezaei Darzi, Hamid Asayesh, Fatemeh Rezaei, Mostafa Qorbani Pages 12-20
    Introduction
    The aim of the present study is to explore the prevalence and mean of cardio-metabolic risk factors and liver enzymes of Iranian adolescents living in regions with different socioeconomic status (SES). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting these data at sub-national level in Iran.
    Methods
    This multi-centric study was performed in 2009-2010 on a stratified multi-stage probability sample of 5940 students aged 10-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 27 provinces of Iran. Trained healthcare professionals measured anthropometric indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) according to standard protocols. Fasting venous blood was examined for fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). We classified the country into four sub-national regions based on criteria of the combination of geography and SES. Mean and frequency of risk factors were compared across these regions.
    Results
    The mean of body mass index had linear rise with increase in the regions’ SES (P for trend
    Conclusion
    This study proposes that in addition to national health policies on preventing cardiometabolic risk factors, specific interventions should be considered according to the regional SES level.
    Keywords: Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors, Liver Enzymes, Socioeconomic Status, Adolescents
  • Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari*, Mohammad Ali Ostovan, Rezaeianzadeh Abbas Pages 21-28
    Introduction
    Myocardial infarction (MI) has a deleterious effect on quality of life (QoL), which can affect cardiac prognosis after MI. Thus, new strategies have to be identified for improving the QoL. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on the impact of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet and L-carnitine plus Q10 supplementation on QoL after MI.
    Methods
    The study aimed to measure 128 MI patients’ QoL using MacNew QoL questionnaire (global scales and physical, emotional, and social subscales) before and 3 months after the intervention. The patients were divided into 4 groups. Group A received TLC diet, group B orally received Q10 150 mg/d and L-carnitine 1200 mg/d, and group C received a combination of carnitine plus Q10 and TLC diet. Finally, group D, as the control group, only underwent the routine care.
    Results
    The results showed a significant increase in MacNew questionnaire’s physical, emotional, and social subscales in the four groups after the intervention. The results of within-group analysis showed that the physical and emotional subscales changed significantly (P
    Conclusion
    Both TLC diet and supplementation with Q10 and L- carnitine had a positive effect on the physical and emotional subscales of MacNew questionnaire and may improve post-MI prognosis. Based on the results, combination of Q10 plus L-carnitine and TLC die can be a potential intervention for improving QoL and secondary prevention.
    Keywords: Myocardial Infarction, Coenzyme Q10, Carnitine, Quality of Life, Diet Therapy
  • Mehrnoush Toufan, Leili Pourafkari, Leyla Ghahremani Nasab, Ali Esfahani, Zohreh Sanaat, Alireza Nikanfar, Nader D. Nader* Pages 29-34
    Introduction
    Two-dimensional (2D) strain echocardiography has emerged as a novel method for early diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy. Certain myocardial segments might be more vulnerable for development of dysfunction.
    Methods
    Sixty-three patients with breast cancer who were deemed amenable for anthracycline chemotherapy were prospectively studied from March 2013 to March 2015 in University Hospital settings. Global left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening and the strain over 17 segments of the LV were examined using 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before and after chemotherapy. More than 15% reduction in longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) was considered significant.
    Results
    The mean age of patients was 47 ± 10 years. LVEF was 59.7 ± 6.5% at baseline. Significant reduction of global LPSS was detected in 13% of patients. A significant LPSS reduction occurred in 32.4% of 1071 segments examined following chemotherapy. LPSS significantly decreased in 28% of apical segments, 31% of mid segments and 37% of basal segments. LPSS reduction occurred more frequently over the basal segments than all other segments (P = 0.031).
    Conclusion
    Segmental pattern appears to exist in LPSS reduction following anthracycline therapy. As significant segmental decreases can be seen in the setting of unchanged global LPSS, segmental evaluation of LPSS might be a more accurate way for assessment of myocardial function.
    Keywords: Anthracycline, Breast Cancer, Strain Echocardiography
  • Abolfazl Dohaei, Sepideh Taghavi, Ahmad Amin, Shahin Rahimi, Nasim Naderi* Pages 35-40
    Introduction
    Noninvasive measurement of arterial stiffness by pulse-wave velocity (PWV) has prognostic value in different sub groups of cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to measure the PWV in advanced heart failure (HF) patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and investigate whether it has any prognostic significance in this group of patients.
    Methods
    Between 2013 to 2015 patients with a diagnosis of advanced HF (LVEF ≤ 30%) scheduled for right heart catheterization (RHC) were included in our study. PWV was measured before RHC in each patient using vascular explorer device (Enverdis GmbH) in catheterization laboratory. The patients were subsequently followed for 6 months and their hospitalization or death (composite of all-cause death/hospitalization) were recorded.
    Results
    A total of 50 patients (38 men) were enrolled. The mean (SD) of age was 45 (16) years. The mean PWV was 6.8 m/s. There was no statistically significant correlation between the PWV and the clinical, echocardiographic and RHC data. The PWV was not different in patients with or without composite of all-cause death/hospitalization (7.3 versus 6.3, P > 0.05). In this study cardiac output (CO) (beta = -0.53, P = 0.02, odds ratio = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9), pulse pressure (PP) (beta = -0056, P = 0.03, odds ratio=0.95, 95% CI = 0.89-0.99) and age (beta = -0.045, P = 0.05, odds ratio=0.96, 95% CI = 0.9-1.001) were independent predictors of composite of all-cause death/hospitalization.
    Conclusion
    In patients with advanced systolic HF, PWV may not be a good prognostic factor and does not have any added value over previous well known prognostic factors.
    Keywords: Arterial Stiffness, Pulse Wave Velocity, Heart Failure, Hemodynamics
  • Roya Kelishadi, Mostafa Qorbani*, Shirin Djalalinia, Ali Sheidaei, Fatemeh Rezaei, Tahereh Arefirad, Saeid Safiri, Hamid Asayesh, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh Pages 41-48
    Introduction
    This study aims to assess the associated factors of physical inactivity among Iranian children and adolescents at national level. The second objective is to assess the relationship of physical inactivity with anthropometric measures.
    Methods
    Along with a national surveillance program, this survey on weight disorders was conducted among a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years. Students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to assess physical activity (PA). Using PAQ-A instrument, PA of past week categorized as; low PA level, that included those who scored between 1 to 1.9 on the PAQ-A instrument and high PA level that included participants with estimated scores between 2-5 PAQ-A.
    Results
    Participants were 23183 school students (50.8% boys) with a mean age of 12.55 ± 3.3 years, without significant difference in terms of gender. Totally, 23.48% of participants (13.84% of boys and 33.42% of girls) were physically inactive. In multivariate logistic regression model, with increased age in children and adolescence, the odds of a physically inactivity increased (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07-1.10). The odds of prevalence of both obesity and underweight were high in children and adolescents with low PA. There was a decreasing trend in PA in higher school grades.
    Conclusion
    We found a considerably high prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian children and adolescents, with higher rates among girls and older ages. However, we did not find correlation between PA and socioeconomic status (SES). Because of the positive relationship between PA and ST, future studies should consider the complex interaction of these two items. Multidisciplinary policies should be considered in increasing PA programs among children and adolescents.
    Keywords: Physical Inactivity, Anthropometric Measures, Screen Time, Children, Adolescents
  • Samad Ghaffari, Mohammadreza Taban Sadeghi, Mohammad Hossein Sayyadi* Pages 49-53
    Introduction
    Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and electrocardiogram (ECG) is a reliable diagnostic tool to determine a myocardial infarction. The present study tried to compare the relationship between the ECG findings and angiographic findings in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.
    Methods
    Seventy-four patients with acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (Ant- STEMI) presenting to the emergency room in the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms were studied. Upon admission, a full 14-lead ECG (including leads V3R and V4R) were performed. Angiographic and ECG findings, as well as clinical outcome were compared between two groups. The statistical tests including Chi-square and independent t-test were used for data analysis.
    Results
    Small conus branch was seen in 52 (70.3%) and large conus in 22 ( 29.7%) patients. STE in right-sided leads and heart failure were significantly higher in small conus branch group versus large conus branch (88.6% vs 11.4%, P
    Conclusion
    In patients with anterior MI, small conus branch was associated with higher rate of major adverse cardiac events mostly because of increased rate of acute heart failure.
    Keywords: ST Elevation, Precordial Leads, Anterior MI, Conus Branch, Right Coronary Artery
  • Mehrnoush Toufan, Babak Kazemi, Negin Molazadeh* Pages 54-59
    Introduction
    Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a safe method for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. It seems that left atrial volume index (LAVI) could be a good marker in predicting the success of ECV. The purpose of this study is to assess of the significance of LAVI measurement before ECV in predicting the recurrence of the AF.
    Methods
    Fifty-one patients with AF, selected for ECV were studied in the cardiology department of Tabriz University of medical sciences. The clinical and demographic data of all the patients were obtained. Echocardiography was performed before and also three months after ECV. Patients were separated into two groups: those who maintained SR and those with relapse of AF diagnosed by clinical manifestations and electrocardiography (ECG).
    Results
    Sinus rhythm (SR) was maintained in 76.5 percent of the patients following the three months after ECV. The age, sex and the body mass index (BMI) were not significantly different between SR and AF groups. Two groups showed no significant differences considering pre-ECV medical history including medications and systemic diseases. The initial LAVI of SR group was 42.21±12.4 mL/m2 and AF group was 96.08±52.21 mL/m2, the initial LAVI was significantly different between two groups (P = 0.000). The LAVI of SR group decreased significantly (5.69±0.74 mL/m2) after three months, LAVI decreased from 42.21 ± 12.4 ml/m2 to 37.51 ± 10.52 mL/m2. (P = 0.000). The cut-off point of LAVI value in predicting the maintenance of SR was 55 mL/m2.
    Conclusion
    The present study indicates that LAVI is a powerful forecaster of the recurrence of AF after ECV. The LAVI measurement could be a useful method in the selection of the patients with AF for ECV.
    Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation, Electrical, Cardioversion, Left Atrial Volume Index
  • Onkar Balasaheb Auti*, Ranganath R., Murali Mohan Bv, Vimal Raj Pages 60-61
    Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is serious public health problem in India and worldwide. The mortality rate in pulmonary TB is high in those with advanced disease and in presence of complications. It presents with wide variety of complications of which haematological complications are rare. Many cases were reported pulmonary TB associated with deep venous thrombosis, hepatic and portal venous thrombosis, central retinal venous thrombosis and sagittal sinus thrombosis in TB meningitis. We report a rare case of pulmonary TB with pulmonary venous thrombosis and atrial extension. To our best knowledge, this is the first case reported of its kind.
    Keywords: Pulmonary Venous Thrombosis, Tuberculosis, Complications of Pulmonary TB