فهرست مطالب

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research - Volume:10 Issue: 2, Jun 2018

Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Jun 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/03/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
|
  • Jamal Hallajzadeh, Maliheh Khoramdad, Nahid Karamzad, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Ali Janati, Erfan Ayubi, Reza Pakzad, Mark J.M. Sullman, Saeid Safiri* Pages 56-69
    Introduction
    The objectives of this study were to provide an estimate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among women with PCOS; and calculate the odds ratio (OR) for MetS (using different definitions of MetS) in women with PCOS, compared to healthy controls.
    Methods
    All of the relevant databases were used to search for appropriate articles that were published during the period 2003-2016. We included observational studies (cross-sectional, comparative cross-sectional) among women who met the inclusion criteria. The random-effect models were used to pool the prevalence of MetS and its components among PCOS women. This model was also applied to the pooled OR assessing the association between MetS and PCOS.
    Results
    The pooled prevalence of MetS among PCOS women was found to be 26.30% (95% CI: 23.68–28.93), but varied from 7.10% (95% CI: 1.64-12.56) to 37.50% (95% CI: 28.84-46.16), depending upon the diagnostic criteria used. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) - 61.87% (95% CI: 53.31–70.43) and high waist circumference (WC)- 52.23% (95% CI: 43.84–60.61) were the most common components of MetS in PCOS women. Compared to healthy controls, the overall pooled (OR) of MetS in PCOS patients was 2.09 (95% CI: 1.67-2.60), but this ranged from 0.31 (95% CI: 0.13-0.74) to 4.69 (95% CI: 2.09-10.52), depending upon the diagnostic criteria used.
    Conclusion
    Women with PCOS had a much higher prevalence of MetS than was found among the healthy controls. Furthermore, as low HDL and high WC were the most common components of MetS in PCOS women, these two components specifically need to be addressed in prevention strategies.
    Keywords: Global, Metabolic Syndrome, Prevalence, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Meta-Analysis
  • Muriela Silva, Eduarda Pereira, Afonso Rocha, Dulce Sousa, Bruno Peixoto* Pages 70-75
    Introduction
    Prospective studies have shown the relation between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and neurocognitive dysfunction with prevalence ranging between 10.51% and 66.8%. The present study aims to determine the prevalence level of neurocognitive dysfunction; the relations between sociodemographic, clinical and emotional variables and neurocognitive functioning in a sample of ACS patients.
    Methods
    The sample comprised of 53 patients engaged in cardiac rehabilitation within 3 months after an ACS. Patients with any medical history of neuropsychiatric problems prior to the ACS and illiterate subjects were not included in the study.
    Results
    The majority of the sample (85%) exhibits some degree of cognitive impairment, with 84.8% showing verbal fluency impairment, 60.3% memory impairment and only 26,4% had language compromised. Neurocognitive general functioning was correlated with age. Memory domain was negatively correlated with the number of daily smoked cigarettes before the ACS. Verbal fluency was influenced by schooling. Language domain was correlated with mean diastolic pressure and with the type of profession, visuospatial domain was correlated with schooling, number of cardiovascular risk factors, distress, anxiety levels and type of ACS.
    Conclusion
    Prevalence rate of neurocognitive dysfunction is considerably high. Besides global neurocognitive functioning, verbal fluency and memory are the most affected domains. Several variables were related to neurocognitive performance: sociodemographic; cardiovascular risk factors; clinical; psychological. The underlying mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction should be further explored.
    Keywords: Neuropsychological Assessment, Anxiety, Diastolic pressure, Cardiovascular
  • Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Mostafa Qorbani, Amir-Masood Rafiemanzelat, Majzoubeh Taheri, Tahereh Aminaee, Gita Shafiee, Zeinab Ahadi, Mahshid Hajiali, Kimia Ghaderi, Ali Safaei, Azam Goodarzi, Hasan Ziaodini*, Ramin Heshmat*, Roya Kelishadi Pages 76-82
    Introduction
    This study presents the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.
    Methods
    This multi-centric study was conducted in 2015 among 4200 students aged 7–18 years. They were selected by multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. Anthropometric indices, biochemical and clinical parameters were measured.
    Results
    The mean of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was higher in boys than in girls (P
    Conclusion
    We found considerably high prevalence of some cardiometabolic risk factors including overweight and obesity, low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia in Iranian children and adolescents. The current findings underscore the necessity of intensifying health interventions for primordial and primary prevention of non-communicable diseases from early life.
    Keywords: Cardiometabolic, Prevalence, Children, Adolescents
  • Sohrab Minaei Beyrami, Mohammad Hasan Khadem Ansari, Yousef Rasemi, Nader Shakib, Pouran Karimi* Pages 83-89
    Introduction
    Lipid phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) antagonizes phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT cell survival pathway. The effect of PTEN inhibitors has been rarely examined on cell survival following reperfusion injury. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of SF1670, as a new PTEN inhibitor, on an in vitro stroke-like model.
    Methods
    PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). The cells were treated in five conditions as follows: normoxic normoglycemic (NO/NG); 60 minutes OGD; 60 minutes OGD and 6 h reperfusion (OGD/R); OGD/R treated with 10 µM SF1670 (OGD/R-SF), and NO/NG treated with 10 µM SF1670 (NO/NG-SF). Then, phosphorylation levels of AKT, P38 in PC12 cells were measured by immunoblotting. The cell viability was also determined by colorimetric assay.
    Results
    The results of immunoblotting revealed that following OGD/R the levels of phospho-AKT (p-AKT) significantly decreased, compared to NO/NG cells (P
    Conclusion
    Overall, our results demonstrated that complete inhibition of phosphatase activity of PTEN not only did not exhibit neuroprotective effect but also promoted PC12-deprived cells to death.
    Keywords: OGD, Reperfusion Injury, AKT, p38, MAPK, PC12 Cells
  • Sahand Hamidi*, Javad Kojuri, Armin Attar, Jamshid Roozbeh, Alireza Moaref, Mohammad Hossein Nikoo Pages 90-94
    Introduction
    Cardiac dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Previous studies have shown that kidney transplantation can reverse some of the gross changes in the myocardial structure such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and volumes. Whether kidney transplantation can reverse the subtle and early myocardial changes in ESRD patients who do not suffer from gross alternations in myocardial function is not yet studied. The aim of this study was to answer this question.
    Methods
    We followed 25 patients with ESRD at baseline that all of them had a kidney transplant and were reassessed 1 month after the transplantation. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)was done at baseline and 1 month after kidney transplantation in patients.
    Results
    LV hypertrophy was the most prevalent finding at baseline (58%), followed by diastolic dysfunction (53%). Kidney transplantation significantly improved the ejection fraction (EF) (treatment effect = 4.23 ± 2.06%; P = 0.046) and apical 4-chamber strain (treatment effect = -0.89 ± 0.37%; P = 0.021) in the patients. It also reduced the LV mass index (treatment effect = -73.82 ± 11.6; P
    Conclusion
    STE may show early improvements in myocardial function 1 month after renal transplantation.
    Keywords: Speckle Tracking, Echocardiography, End-Stage Renal Disease, Renal Transplantation
  • Vajihe Izadi, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Mahin Hashemipour, Pamela J. Surkan, Leila Azadbakht*, Roya Kelishadi Page 95
    Introduction
    Limited information exists regarding the effects of high protein (HP) diets on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among overweight and obese children. Our aim was to determine the effects of an HP diet on anthropometric indexes and CVD risk factors among overweight and obese children.
    Methods
    In a parallel randomized controlled trial, we recruited 50 overweight and obese children, aged 6-11 years, for a 10 week HP or control diet (protein, carbohydrate, fat: 25%, 45%, 30% in the HP diet vs. 15%, 55%, 30% in the control diet, respectively). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) serum insulin levels, lipid profiles, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and anthropometric measurements were assessed using standard guidelines.
    Results
    86% of children completed the trial. Percent changes (PC) for anthropometric and biochemical variables were not significantly different between the two groups. The PC of serum triglyceride (TG) level was significantly decreased in the HP group compared to in the control group (PC: -10.16±4.30% vs.12.11±7.80%; P = 0.01) in the crude model, but not in the adjusted model. For other variables, we did not find any significant differences between the HP group and the controls.
    Conclusion
    In the present study, we did not find any significant effect of adherence to an HP diet in improving anthropometric measurements or other CVD risk factors among obese and overweight children.
    Keywords: High Protein Diet, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Children, Obesity, Overweight
  • Saeid Komasi, Ali Soroush, Mozhgan Saeidi*, Agostino Brugnera, Massimo Rabboni, Mario Fulcheri, Danilo Carrozzino, Paolo Marchettini, Angelo Compare Pages 104-108
    Introduction
    The causal attributions and perceived risk factors can affect patients’ health behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess (i) the effect of an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on perceived heart risk factors (PHRFs) and on psychological stress, and (ii) the role of changes of PHRFs at pre-post CR in predicting changes in psychological stress.
    Methods
    In this longitudinal study, 110 CR patients were assessed from June to November 2016 in a hospital in Iran. Perceived heart risk factors and perceived stress were investigated using the PHRFs scale and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, respectively. PHRFs and DASS-21 Stress scale scores were compared before and after 26 sessions of exercise-based CR through paired sample t-tests. In addition, we investigated the effect of PHRF’s change scores on DASS-21 Stress scale scores using linear regression analysis.
    Results
    Results showed that CR has a little impact in improving the patients’ perception of heart risk factors, However, CR is significantly effective in reducing stress (P
    Conclusion
    PHRFs appear to be significant predictive components of CR’s stress reduction. Practitioners should focus on patients’ perception of risk factors to facilitate stress management in CR program.
    Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, Psychological Stress, Risk Factors, Rehabilitation
  • Ahmad Separham, Mohsen Abbasnezhad*, Golnesa Shahnazarli, Alireza Khoshbahar Pages 109-112
    Introduction
    Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is a tumor marker of ovarian cancer, which has shown to be increased in different cardiovascular diseases. Although the prognostic role of CA-125 in heart failure and coronary heart disease is well-established, there is little known about its role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study we aimed to evaluate the serum levels of CA-125 in patients with AMI and its prognostic role in evaluating the in-hospital outcome of AMI.
    Methods
    We evaluated 120 male patients with AMI and 120 male normal subjects. CA-125 levels were measured upon the patient’s admission to hospital. The in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and its predictors were also recorded for AMI patients.
    Results
    CA-125 levels were significantly higher in AMI patients compared to normal subjects (7.99±6.83 vs. 5.70±4.62, P = 0.003). We found significant positive correlations between CA-125 levels with creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) (r=0.621, P
    Conclusion
    Serum CA-125 levels are significantly higher in male patients with AMI compared to normal subjects and have a significant role in predicting in-hospital MACE after AMI. In patients with higher CA-125 more aggressive treatment and close observation should be performed in order to reduce the possible adverse outcomes.
    Keywords: Acute Myocardial Infarction, CA-125, Outcome
  • Mustafa Houmsse, Asia Mcdavid, Ahmet Kilic* Pages 113-114
    An ascending aortic thrombus is a rare source for embolic transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke without an associated aortic pathology. Here we describe a case of a patient who presented with generalized symptoms of headache and fatigue who, on subsequent work-up, was found to have an ascending aortic thrombus with no obvious associated aortic pathology, and was successfully treated with apixaban, a newer direct oral anticoagulant.
    Keywords: Thrombus, Ascending Aorta, Apixaban
  • Panagiotis Kalogris, Kosmas Iliadis, Gregory Amanatidis, Alexandros Demis, Anna Smyrli, Konstantinos Petsios* Pages 115-117
    We describe a case of a 43-year old woman with Marfan’s syndrome, tricuspid valve regurgitation and severe pectus excavatum who required an aortic root replacement and valvuloplasty for an ascending aortic aneurism with aortic valve regurgitation and tricuspid valve regurgitation. There was a severe angulation of the sternum which was close to 1.5 cm to the column vertebrae. Such cases are quite rare and always a challenge for surgeons to achieve adequate exposure of the heart and prevent excessive cardiac compression. We present our access, a safe and efficient exposure of the heart in order to achieve the best outcome.
    Keywords: Pectus Excavatum, Aortic Root, Valvuloplasty, Marfan