نشریه قرآن پژوهی حسنا
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1393)

Commentary in order of descent is one of the new methods to Quran commentary that it has taken into consideration by some of commentators in recent decades. An attitude to the commentary in order of the descent is to focus on Prophet Mohammad (SA)’ commentary method and Imam Ali (AS)’s Sacred book. Commentators believe that this method has a new and an important achievement because of its viewpoint in accordance with commentary in order of descent. As a result, it will include applied Quranic Knowledge for the sake of today’s society. Some of these commentators emphasize that by this kind of commentary, we can reach important findings in recognizing the course of development of audiences and society and in solving cultural problems. By theses findings, we will reach to an applied pattern to solve many management and cultural problems in today’s Islamic society. However, there are serious problems in the course of proving this method and an access to its advantages. Since this new method has been put against the common method with more than 14 century background, it has encountered to controversy and serious doubt by many Quranic scholars. By arranging fundamentals, introducing and accessing its background, analyzing the reasons of pros and cons and advantages and possible achievements, the existence problems and dos which commentators should focus on it, will be discussed in this paper.

With respect to traditions and the existence occasion of revelation, so many verses which refer to his guardianship, infallibility or superiority in Quran has been descended relating to Imam Ali (AS). Among them the most well-known verses are guardianship, proselytism, and completion (Maede: 55, 67, 3), but the opponents have criticized them for a long time. Today, based upon previous criticism, some new criticisms have been represented. This verse is one of Shiite reasons to prove the guardianship of Imam Ali (AS). These reasons have been expressed in different forms. One of them which have been discussed less than the other is to focus on the register of the verse and its effect on the descendent and to understand the meaning of the verse. Apart from the acceptance or the rejection of the register in Quranic verses which need a more comprehensive research, by illustrating that the continuous in descent is not the condition of accomplishment of a valid register, the lack of independence of the verse descent with regard to its inner register, its side verses and its relationship to the register of surah will be proved in this paper. Therefore, by referring to the parts of the verse “completion”, the commentary of this verse based on register will be discussed in this paper.

According to the other Islamic orders, one of reasons in charge of Shiite belief to Quran distortion is some traditions in Quran subjective dividing by Infallibles (AS). Quran has been divided into some parts in accordance with these traditions so that in some cases one third or one forth of Quran is about spiritual status of Infallibles (AS) and a description of bad end of enemies’ life. A Hadith quoted by Imam Ali (AS) will be discussed in this paper. “Quran has been descended as three parts; about us, our enemies, and obligations and customs”, Imam Ali (AS) said. This tradition has been criticized by documentary discussion of the tradition and opponent traditions in this field. As a result, given that the authenticity of the tradition, the method of its interpretation will be showed, and then, will be confirmed that there is not any possibility of the tradition acceptance based on the rule of interpretation, argumentation, and correspondence.

One of the most important parts of Hadith sciences is Hadith jurisprudence in which traditions are illustrated. History of Hadith jurisprudence indicates that comprehension and real intention of Infallibles (AS)’s speech in their age have been taken into consideration. Different methods to Infallibles (AS) Hadith comprehension have been applied by Hadith scholars. Anyone’s Hadith jurisprudence method implies on his attitude and proficiency on Hadith and Hadith sciences. Knowing Hadith opinions of Allamah Tabatabaei as one of Quran commentators is necessary to better comprehension of Almizan, and then, Divine Speech. He has used many traditions in his commentary. The purpose of this paper is to reply some doubts on being useless Almizan traditional discussions. There is some information about Almizan Hadith matters, but an independent research has not been done in knowing Allamah Hadith jurisprudence method in Almizan so far. Not only Allamah Tabatabaei’s efforts in this field of Hadith jurisprudence in Almizan, but also his method and his great personality characteristics will be discussed in this paper.

Meibodi has developed Khaje Abdollah Ansari, his professor’s commentary. Also, he has illustrated its illusions, facts, and subtleties, and then, he has called it “Kashf-al-asrar” and “Eddat-al-Abrar”. The advantages of this 6th -century heritage are expression beauty and Persian fluent prose. Taking apart translation from commentary and illusions are other ones. However, calling it “Kashf-al-asrar” has a reason. Meibodi’s main claim is to decode Quranic meanings, concepts, idioms, and phrases. Interpretation has been the most important matter from the early years of Islam so far. There are various meanings and different stances about interpretation in this commentary, but it implies that interpretation has still undiscovered mysteries. Therefore, its decoding by virtue of formalism in the text commentary, scolding speech interpretation of verses, and an attitude to mystical commentary have been doubled its complexity. As a result, Meibodi couldn’t decode interpretation’s mysteries.

One of the most applicable words in the religious texts and in the public is “blessing”. There is not the word “blessing” in Quran, but its derivations have frequently been observed in Quranic verses. The analysis of “blessing” derivations and its female plural i.e. “blessings” in Quran will be discussed in this paper. By analyzing Quranic verses, and also, finding out its lexical concept, expressing the commentators’ viewpoints on the meaning of these verses, its application cases, its evidences and the intention of “blessing” in Quran viewpoint have been illustrated. Also, an access to “blessing” and the factor related to avoid of “blessing” has been suggested implicitly.

One of important issues in the field of Hadith studies is to know personality of Islamic religions scholars and scholars of Hadith. For this, it is necessary to know narrators and writers of Hadith books and to measure the level of their information in the field of Hadith science. Novi and his status in Sunni Hadith will be introduced in this paper. Initially, his bibliography and works, and then, his scientific personality will be discussed. At last, his incomplete explanation on “Sahih Bokhari” in terms of writing style and the type of its exited information will be analyzed in this paper.