نشریه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 14 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

In this research, the goal is using principles of functional linguistics to investigate evaluative language in Persian and English according to Halliday’s functional theory. Comparison is one of the factors which is causing cohesion in sentences of texts. In this article art reviews are studied to identify grammatical and lexical pattern used in comparative reference and usage of evaluative language in all kind of linguistic structure in Persian and English. Also evaluative language in two languages is compared. The discursive function of evaluative language help readers recognize concept of evaluation in text and form a frame work of comparison evaluation in their mind. The research is analytical – descriptive. The related data were collected from literary and art magazines and theoretical framework of this article is according to Halliday’s functional theory. In this research we conclude that both languages in use of structural pattern comparative/ superlative attribute, similarity, degree adverb clause, correct clause and Lexical and adjectival accumulation for evaluation are the same.

Conflict for having a lady is a topic which is focused by some famous epical works in the world. But in Persian epical works, it is not so much examined or at least considered from different point of view. In fact, Persian epical poets, were not interested in using such topics in their works as a main topic and they believe such issues are not in line with the epical principles. The only Persian epical work which considered such topic is Banoo Goshasp Nameh. In present study, the authors try to compare this unique work with Iliad, written by Homer, as the greatest epical work in the world which focuses on the mentioned topic. Then, they will express the similarities and differences between these two great works. At the end, it will be clear that, also there are many similarities between the above said works but there are many obvious differences in the purpose of war for having a woman. War in Iliad is a platform for showing men’s power and women’s weakness. In contrast, in Banoo Goshasp Nameh, war is a platform for improving the power of women and their same capabilities like men.

In this study, Malek al-Shoara Bahar and Jamil sedqi zahavi's view about the heaven and the hell was examined. On the one hand, His heir traditional notions of reactionary society, and fight against the certain extent. Zahavi found the same situation and ruling in his community. Both Zahavi and Bahr have been awakening the audience to react the community with humorous way to combat superstition. In this paper, it is certain that the Bahar is affected by Zahavy. Zahavi presented a "revolution in Hell" after impact from Dante's Divine Comedy and the "dissertations Al-qofran" by Abol Ala Moarri. Then, Bahar translated the considerable number of verses of this ode! and it is also presented a short poem ode with the common goal in "revolutionizing the hell" of Zahavi. The commonalities and differences in the two ode is presented in this paper.

Different ways exist to express purposes. Some select the direct way, which means they prefer formal and non-literary language, in this way sentences would be predicative. But some others select in direct language because they believe it is more effective.
Of importance and noticeable subjects are pests and sins of tongue. The reason is more than benefits and value of tongue and express its sins and pests are Harmful and undesirable, and same as there is no devoutness better than rightful speak, there is no sin worse than Speaking unjustly to god. There are lots of valuable subjects and words in divine teachings and wises words about tongue pests which we cannot speak about all but will consider some of them from religious knowledge regeneration by Ghazali and from Manavi Manavi by Molana. In this article we are about to clarify that how Imam Mohammad Ghazali and Molavi sent their message to the readers and which way they have chosen (direct or indirect). And how is their way of express from the aspect of word and meaning.

The relationship between mind and language regarding Abdolqaher georgani and Noam Chomsky views
Chomsky and Georgani emphasize on the necessity of documanents and adaptation of vocabulary on grammatical ryles regarding the definition of language. Based on Chimsky and Georgani is not only grammer but also the rules for language projuction in the mind the speaker, therefore, the expectation of the existence of the relationship between the instinctive properties of mind and language features seen really natural. This relationship regarding Georgani is limited to the product and comprehention of speech in the mind, but Chomsky seeks the identification of the neture of mind as the instinctive tablent and unique one through the ordering force in language . regarding the gramnatical rules, he doesn t separate the grammar, but in invatigting the comprehehension process and the analysis of sentence , he believes that the grammatical viwies for the speaker and litrer exist.

Holy Karim Quran is considered as one of the inspiring sources for Muslim poets and artists. One of the inspiring aspects of this holy book on their works is Quranic anecdotes and their themes. Shahname is one of the books which Abol qaseme Ferdosi has used Quran anecdotes for his stories in it. One of these anecdotes is the Feraydoon and Zihak which is produced by inspiring Moses and Pharaoh Story. In comparing these stories there are similarities along with differences. In this article author tries to comparatively review these two stories using anecdote approach in a descriptive-analytical method and extends this comparison to components and segments of both texts in anecdote and conceptual constructs to illustrate differences and similarities. Results of this study show that in spite of close similarity, regarding different purposes, the level of attention to anecdote elements is different.

The Islamic mysticism expressed, under the protection of the holy Quran and also under the category of the innocent believers, is enriched in the debates of the theology. With close attention in these findings new horizons and broadening situations are explored.
Some of these concepts are the result of heart absorptions and some are considered from the point of reasoning and explaining, which are acquired in the atmosphere of Qurnic instructions.
mysticism through ontological and unity subjects is full of intellectual richness and deep thinking so that new horizons and wider scopes are opened and uncovered in any new consideration and contemplation.
This article is written to accommodate the light (Nour) in Ibne Arabi and Molana approaches.
By scrutinizing the works of these two great mystics in this field, the subject is analyzed and described.

bahaei Mystic poet and scholar and sage and love that lived in the tenth and eleventh centuries .his poems from the perspective of didactic literature is very valuable and important. his poetry is full of hints moral and educational valuable concepts that show Educational atmosphere of the poems feel clean and pleasing his emotions .his Devotion and his love to Ahl al-Bayt Especially Imam Reza (PBUH) is recognized. BahaI uses in composing his poems,of verses and traditions as well as poets former . It is likely that purpose, and necessity to him for his word that he is used Sayings and Poems of Imam Reza . Moral and educational themes lyrics Sheikh Bahai in some cases, show that he is used Sayings and Poems of Imam Reza . This study examined the cost and lyrics of Imam Reza Sheikh adaptive Court took the view didactic literature. To be at the end of training concepts and legal poems with poems of Imam Reza Sheikh Bahai well be seen as an analogy could be studied

The purpose of this descriptive study is determining forty Islamic world dominant researchers and studying their status from scientific productions point of view during 2000-2011 in web of science database.the methodology is quantitative and scientomtric type. In present study, variables like number of produced documents, cited documents, the average of citations to each documents, h-Index, document format and language by citation analysis method has been determined. Results show that from quantitative point of view Fan Hack from Malaya with 1887 documents and from qualitative point of view Ganjali from Iran with 9554 citations, are the dominant researchers in Islamic world. The documents format according to results is article and their language is English. Results also show that Iran scientific production in recent years has remarkable growth, so that in last three years Iran production has been duplicated. The lateral result of this study is determining h-index infirmity in disregarding self- citations

Magical Realism is the way in which fantasy and reality in there so blend together that there isn’t a clear boundary between them. . Although Gabriel Garcia Marquez as leading the way and some of the writers that have lived in the South American but this genre found in the Third World countries . . Gholam Hossein Saedi and Monyru Ravanipoor as a pioneer in this literary field are known In Iran.But the note point to is that the most of this authors are from south of Iran. Our efforts in this paper is while review the political, social, economic and cultural condition regions of south Iran and South America, we investigate the common fields and reasons that writers tend to magical realism in this areas. . It seems certain climatic conditions, distance from urban centers, economic poverty and illiteracy, has caused the tendency of people‘s this region to myths, superstitions and magic and it provided an appropriate arena to imagination such that the element of imagination has part of the reality of their lives. These fields have accompanied with factors such as: strategic location’s these regions and benefit from valuable resources, presence of colonists, strangulation in the central government and the risk of native culture And it has led to the intellectual author to use of the magical elements to enlightenment, escape of repression and trying to revival of native culture.

Naser Khosrow and Motanabbi are among the Iranian and Arabic poets who incorporated wisdom in their poems’ themes and nobly developed these concepts. Despite the similarities and differences between them in expressing philosophical concepts, these two great poets who expressed transcendental philosophical concepts in their odes, are considered as the leaders of this field. In this study we try to explain these similarities and differences mentioning some of these frequencies. Motanabbi, like Naser Khosrow, intended to manifest philosophical concepts in his poems; but, relying on moral principles, Naser Khosrow used these concepts in another way. Since Arabic poems were widespread among Iranians back then and according to the educational methods which were customary in his era, Naser Khosrow, a poem of 5 AH, was familiar with the Motanabbi’s poems, and it can be said that he had an opinion of Motanabbi’s contents and wisdoms.

The language of emigrant and deportee Hebrew to Iran is changed in two processes: First in a Chaemenian era from Hebrew to Aramaic and then in Islamic era from Aramaic to Persian .Thus , the language of Hebrew̓ s religious literature has also changed parallel to this evolution.
In first evolution, religious texts, especially Torah was translated from Hebrew to Aramaic and in second evolution was translated from Aramaic to Persian. In both evolutions the previous language influenced on next language .In this paper the effect of Aramaic translations of old testament named Targum on the Persian translations of old testament and other religious texts will be studied. We will observe that this effect is restricted to borrowing some words.
Then we deal with this main question whether these Aramaic words have any relation to their Hebrew equivalents. Since the answer is positive, it is founded that the position (station) of Hebrew language is a impressive position for Hebrews. Also in this paper it has studied that in what modules these words are placed. We will observe that most of the words are placed in religious modules, especially jurisprudence and theology. Of course some words have entered religious literature of Persian – Hebrew from public modules.

"Karbla" is a long epic poem that composed, in 222 odes and more than 6000 verses, by "Said Alosayly"(1929 - 1994) the contemporary Lebanese poet and Accounting the life of Imam Hussain (AS) from birth to death in Karbala. this epic enjoys, tender affection, fluent words and phrases and appropriate rhythm.
In this epic that is written like storied poetry, the poet in addition to the high goals of heroes of Karbala and their behavior, describe their prowess and courage in battlefield and give his work epic features so he called it "ãáÍãÉ " (Equivalent to the ÍãÇÓå"" in Persian and "epic" in English). Thought there are many differences between Islamic epics and World Epics but We can see some technical features epic in recent Islamic epics.
This paper is seeking to study the main elements of the epic such as: beginning and end, describe the battlefield, lyricism, prediction, in the Karbala’ s epic.

No doubt of Ashura event is the great epic and unmatched in human history. This is because of the poets of all different nations and peoples have explain that different aspects and have expressed them emotions in different formats. Among the poets in Arabic Literature is Sharif Radi who is Himself a descendant of Imam Hussein (AS). Among the poets of the Persian language can be named Adibolmamalek Farahani who with his brilliant Ashura Refrain mechanic has showed his art, and Among the poets in Turk poets is Fuzuli baghdadi who Is written Ashura poems and with Hadikatus-suada and is the focus of most attention among the Turkic-speaking poets. This paper wish discussed common underlying Hosseini Lamentations of Odes of Sharif Radi, Return-tie of Adibolmamalek Farahani and Hadikatus-suada of Muhammad Fuzuli with Analytic method. The poets According to their position in the cultures and separate courses each of them with different motives have expressed Imam innocence in the event of Ashura. Thus, despite different motivations for the burning of expression overlap in their contents is visible, Common themes, such as Attention of the three poets to issue of Karbala and Mention of Imam Hassan (AS) martyrdom in dealing with the event of Ashura, thirst, tears, and hurt the testimony of the Prophet (PBUH) because of event of Karbala is from these cases.